Investigating the induction of polyphenol biosynthesis in the cultured Cycolocarya paliurus cells and the stimulatory mechanism of co-induction with 5-aminolevulinic acid and salicylic acid.

Background: Plant cell culture technology is a potential way to produce polyphenols, however, this way is still trapped in the dilemma of low content and yield. Elicitation is regarded as one of the most effective ways to improve the output of the secondary metabolites, and therefore has attracted extensive attention. Methods: Five elicitors including 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Rhizopus Oryzae Elicitor (ROE) were used to improve the content and yield of polyphenols in the cultured Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) cells, and a co-induction technology of 5-ALA and SA was developed as a result. Meanwhile, the integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was adopted to interpret the stimulation mechanism of co-induction with 5-ALA and SA. Results: Under the co-induction of 50 µM 5-ALA and SA, the content and yield of total polyphenols of the cultured cells reached 8.0 mg/g and 147.12 mg/L, respectively. The yields of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, procyanidin B1 and catechin reached 28.83, 4.33 and 2.88 times that of the control group, respectively. It was found that expressions of TFs such as CpERF105, CpMYB10 and CpWRKY28 increased significantly, while CpMYB44 and CpTGA2 decreased. These great changes might further make the expression of CpF3'H (flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase), CpFLS (flavonol synthase), CpLAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase), CpANS (anthocyanidin synthase) and Cp4CL (4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase) increase while CpANR (anthocyanidin reductase) and CpF3'5'H (flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase) reduce, ultimately enhancing the polyphenols accumulation Conclusion: The co-induction of 5-ALA and SA can significantly promote polyphenol biosynthesis in the cultured C. paliurus cells by regulating the expression of key transcription factors and structural genes associated with polyphenol synthesis, and thus has a promising application.

Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on stigma, coping styles, and quality of life in patients with permanent colorectal cancer stoma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: : Colorectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy may suffer stigma, negative coping style, and low quality of life at varying degrees, which may be improved by the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). In recent years, MBSR has been used in the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer with permanent colostomy, hoping to bring a positive outcome. However, the practical application effect of MBSR has not been elucidated so far. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of MBSR on stigma, coping style, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy, providing reliable evidence for clinical application. METHODS: : Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting MBSR on stigma, coping style, and quality of life in patients with permanent stoma of colorectal cancer published before December 2021 will be searched in online databases such as the PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. The quality of the literature will be evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool in Revman 5.4. Meta-analysis will be performed using Revman 5.4 software. RESULTS: : The Social Impact Scale (SIS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and quality of life scale will be used to evaluate the effects of MBSR on stigma, coping style, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy. CONCLUSION: : This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for MBSR to reduce stigma, improve coping style, and improve quality of life for colorectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CD4PV.

Stent with radioactive strand insertion for inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of unilateral and bilateral insertion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relative clinical efficacy associated with the unilateral and bilateral insertion of a stent with a radioactive strand (RS) for the treatment of inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) patients. METHODS: From January 2017 to June 2020, consecutive patients diagnosed with inoperable HCCA underwent either unilateral or bilateral stent with RS insertion in our hospital. Outcomes compared between these groups included rates of technical success, clinical success, stent-related complications, stent patency and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Unilateral and bilateral stent with RS insertion procedures were performed in 36 and 30 patients over the study period, respectively, with 100% technical and clinical success rates in both groups. No instances of procedure-related complications were reported. Cholangitis was observed in 7 (19.4%) and 6 (20%) patients in unilateral and bilateral groups (p= .955), respectively, while these groups exhibited respective cholecystitis in 2 (5.5%) and 1 (3.3%) cases, respectively (p=.662), and stent restenosis in 9 (25%) and 7 (23.3%) cases, respectively (p=.661). The median duration of stent patency in the unilateral and bilateral groups was comparable at 208 and 222 d, respectively (p=.889). All patients died over the course of follow-up, with similar median OS rates in the unilateral and bilateral groups of 250 and 246 d, respectively (p=.483). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicated that similar inoperable HCCA patient clinical outcomes are achieved following stent with RS insertion regardless of whether it is conducted via a unilateral or bilateral approach.

The association of γδ-T cells with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.

BACKGROUND: As the survival rate of premature infants increases, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic complication of premature infants, is also higher than before. The pathogenesis of BPD is complicated, and immune imbalance and inflammatory response may play important roles in it. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, especially γδ-T cells, and BPD of preterm infants. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was carried out with the peripheral blood of premature infants (GA < 32 weeks, BW < 1500 g), which were collected at 24 h or 3-4 weeks after birth. The infants were divided into non-BPD groups and BPD groups that were classified as mild or moderate and severe in preterm infants based on the magnitude of respiratory support at 28 days age and 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The γδ-T, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and total lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentages of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were not different between BPD and non-BPD within 24 h after birth. And no significant difference was found in T lymphocyte subsets among neonates with BPD of different severities. However, the infants who developed BPD had a significant increase in γδ-T cells compared to non-BPD ones within 3-4 weeks after birth. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that γδ-T cells in peripheral blood are correlated with BPD. However, the causality of BPD and various lymphocytes remains unclear, which need to be further studied.

Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Functionalized Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrazine in Vitro and in Vivo.

Hydrazine induced toxicity causes serious harm to the health of humans. The detection of N2H4 in vitro and in vivo has attracted a great deal of attention, especially in the context of fluorescent probes. Although some fluorescent N2H4 probes have been reported, only a few operate in purely aqueous media and, as a result, require the use of organic cosolvents which hinders their use in analysis of real samples. In addition, most of the current N2H4 probes are either "off-on" or "on-off" types, in which it is difficult to eliminate interference from background fluorescence commonly occurring in in vitro and in vivo systems. Furthermore, some probes are unable to differentiate hydrazine from other organic amines. To address the above problems, we developed a novel oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized fluorescent probe for the detection of N2H4. The probe, which has a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A)-type structure, is water-soluble, and it can be utilized to selectively detect N2H4 in both colorimetric and ratiometric mode. Furthermore, the probe is able to differentiate hydrazine from other organic amines and can be used to detect hydrazine vapor and for imaging A549 cells and zebrafish.

Full-Duplex Cooperative Sensing for Spectrum-Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks.

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), spectrum sensing is critical for guaranteeing that the opportunistic spectrum access by secondary users (SUs) will not interrupt legitimate primary users (PUs). The application of full-duplex radio to spectrum sensing enables SU to carry out sensing and transmission simultaneously, improving both spectrum awareness and CRN throughput. However, the issue of spectrum sensing with full-duplex radios deployed in heterogeneous environments, where SUs may observe different spectrum activities, has not been addressed. In this paper, we give a first look into this problem and develop a light-weight cooperative sensing framework called PaCoSIF, which involves only a pairwise SU transmitter (SU-Tx) and its receiver (SU-Rx) in cooperation. A dedicated control channel is not required for pairwise cooperative sensing with instantaneous feedback (PaCoSIF) because sensing results are collected and fused via the reverse channel provided by full-duplex radios. We present a detailed protocol description to illustrate how PaCoSIF works. However, it is a challenge to optimize the sensing performance of PaCoSIF since the two sensors suffer from spectrum heterogeneity and different kinds of interference. Our goal is to minimize the false alarm rate of PaCoSIF given the bound on the missed detection rate by adaptively adjusting the detection threshold of each sensor. We derive an expression for the optimal threshold using the Lagrange method and propose a fast binary-searching algorithm to solve it numerically. Simulations show that, with perfect signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) information, PaCoSIF could decrease the false alarm rate and boost CRN throughput significantly against conventional cooperative sensing when SUs are deployed in spectrum-heterogeneous environments. Finally, the impact of SINR error upon the performance of PaCoSIF is evaluated via extensive simulations.