[Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibition with neuromidin in the treatment of primary glaucoma patients]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti ingibitora kholinésterazy neĭromedina v lechenii bol'nykh s pervichnoĭ glaukomoĭ.

AIM: to investigate neuromidin effectiveness in the treatment of patients with primary glaucoma and compensated intraocular pressure (IOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) were examined. Of them, 10 eyes with early glaucoma, 36 eyes with moderate-stage glaucoma, 33 eyes with advanced glaucoma, and 1 eye with end-stage glaucoma. In 19 eyes, IOP was controlled through beta-blockers, in 11 eyes - through carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, in 10 eyes - through prostaglandin analogues, and in 39 eyes - through combination drugs. Twenty-six eyes had received glaucoma surgery some time earlier. Ipidacrine was prescribed in tablets at 20 mg 2 times daily for 25 days. Treatment effectiveness was judged by visual functions, hydrodynamics, and morphometric parameters of the optic disc. RESULTS: In moderate-stage eyes, visual acuity improved in 66.6% of cases and remained unchanged in 33.3%. In advanced-stage eyes, visual acuity improved in 51.5% of cases and remained unchanged in 48.5%. Visual field broadened in all cases. Moreover, under the neuromidin therapy, the number of scotomas in early-stage eyes decreased, while the number of areas with normal sensitivity of the retina increased by 14.9%. In advanced-stage glaucoma, the effect was less pronounced: the number of type 1 and type 2 scotomas decreased by 3.0±0.6% and 2.9±0.8%, respectively; the number of absolute scotomas did not change; the number of areas with normal sensitivity of the retina increased by 7.4±2.0%. Also, P0 was found to be reduced and intraocular fluid outflow - activated. In early and moderate glaucoma, there was a significant reduction in the cup area as well as an increase in the neuroretinal rim area and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. In advanced-stage cases, it was only the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness that changed. CONCLUSION: Neuromidin has a positive impact on visual function, hydrodynamics, and morphometric parameters of the optic disc.

[THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON THE LUNG VENTILATION FUNCTION IN YOUNG SUBJECTS].

The aim of the work was to evaluate effect of smoking on the lung ventilation function in young subjects. The study included 1552 subjects (808 men and 744 women) of the mean age 31.6 ± 4.7 and 29.27 ± 5.3 years respectively divided into 3 groups: smokers (n = 568), ex-smokers (n = 103), and non-smokers (n = 881). A sample of the general population contained 36.6% smokers, 6.6% ex-smokers, and 56.8% non-smokers; it showed significant correlation of smoking habits with the gender and the education level. Functional studies revealed lower spirographic and higher whole-body plethysmographic parameters in the smokers and ex-smokers. Also, they more frequently suffered obstructive disorders. These data suggest negative effect of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system in practically healthy young subjects revealed by the studying external respiratory function with the use of spirographic and whole-body plethysmographic methods.

[Ophthalmological assessment of professionally significant functions in persons undergone laser myopia correction].

Professionally significant functions (visual acuity, color vision and its parameters, and dark adaptation and its parameters) were determined in moderate and severe myopia before and after its excimer laser correction by the LASIK method: in early (1, 3 months) and late (6, 12 months) periods after surgery to decide where the operated persons are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway traffic safety. Sixty-one patients with moderate and severe myopia and 23 control individuals were examined at the Moscow Research and Technological Complex "Eye Surgery". The examinations have demonstrated that the values of visual acuity, color vision, and dark adaptation considerably improved. Whether the persons undergone excimer laser myopia correction are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway transport safety should be individually decided, by taking into account the postoperative recovery of professionally significant visual functions.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of endovascular laser irradiation of blood in multimodal treatment of retinal vein thrombosis]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti éndovaskuliarnogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi v kompleksnoi terapii trombozov retinal'nykh ven.

A total of 189 cases with retinal vein thrombosis are analyzed. For 124 patients of these, the traditional therapy was supplemented with a course of endovascular laser exposure and 65 were treated traditionally. Analysis of the results of biochemical analyses showed that the level of medium-molecular plasma peptides and lipid peroxidation products was appreciably increased in such patients, and the balance in the system of cell proliferation inhibitors and stimulants is shifted. Endovascular laser exposure of the blood, added to the therapeutic complex for patients with retinal vein thromboses, helped attain better functional results and reduce the incidence of complications.

[The endovascular laser therapy of primary glaucoma]. / Endovaskuliarnaia lazernaia terapiia pervichnoi glaukomy.

Intravascular irradiation of the blood with He-Ne laser at a wavelength 680 nm and 0.5 mWt power via Leukocyte light-guide introduced into one of the cubital veins was used in the treatment of patients with primary glaucoma. Treatment efficacy was assessed from changes in vision acuity, visual field, angioscotomas, blind spot, ophthalmic tone, and tonographic parameters. Treatment efficacies of traditional therapy and the suggested exposure were compared. Endovascular laser therapy exerted a more marked effect as regarded improvement of vision acuity, decrease of the blind spot and angioscotomas, reduction of intraocular pressure, and improvement of tonographic parameters. This recommends such exposure for the treatment of primary glaucoma patients in complex with other treatment modalities.

Spectroscopic, biological, and antitumor studies on N-ethyl- and N-propylimidazole platinum(II) complexes.

Platinum(II) halide complexes with N-ethylimidazole (N-EtIm) and N-propylimidazole (N-PropIm) of the Pt(L)2X2 and Pt(L)4X2 types (X = Cl, Br, I) were prepared and characterized by far infrared spectra, electronic spectra, and conductivity measurements. The inhibitorial activity of some complexes on the Ca,Mg-dependent ATPase and the antitumor studies of the Pt(L)4Cl2 derivatives have been investigated. Pt complexes are not inhibitory active in comparison to the same Pd complexes (if c = 10(-4) M). The LD50 in physiological solution for [Pt(N-EtIm)4]Cl2 X 2H2O and [Pt(N-PropIm)4]Cl2 are higher enough with respect to the cis platinum.

[Spectrofluorometric topography of the ATPase center of Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum by means of platinum and palladium compounds]. / Spektrofluorimetricheskoe issledovanie topografii ATP-aznogo tsentra Ca2+-Mg2+-zavisimoi ATP-azy sarkoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma s pomoshch'iu soedinenii platiny i palladiia.

The fluorescence of tryptophan residues in Ca2+--Mg2+-ATPase was studied in the presence of K2PtCl4, K2PdCl4 and 5-sulpho-8-mercaptochinolinate platinum and palladium. It has been shown that both first two compounds quenched the fluorescence dye to bonding with SH-groups in ATPase active centre, but the last two compounds influence the fluorescence by bonding with tryptophan residues. The distance between the SH-groups and tryptophan in the active centre was determined by Foerster--Galanin equation and was equal to 14 +/- 3 A.

[Comparative study of the toxic, anaphylactoid, and sensitizing properties of 5-sulfo-8-mercaptoquinolinates of metals of the 8th and 3d groups of the periodic table]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie toksicheskikh, anafilaktoidnykh i sensibiliziruiushchikh svoistv 5-sul 'fo-8-merkap tokhinolinatov metallov VIII i III grupp periodicheskoi tablitsy.

Pronounced allergizing action of the compounds of group VIII metals of the periodic system, observed in occupational pathology and commencement of their wide clinical application as cancerostatic agents require a comprehensive study of the properties of these substances. Anaphylactoid, toxic and genuine sensitizing action of 5-sulfo-8-mercapto-quinolinates of group YIII metals and those of group III metals having similar properties was studied and compared with reference to 8 compounds. It was shown that histamine liberation from mast cells induced by these substances as well as inhibition of the respiration of mast cells depend on the central atom and electronic structure of the ligand. The mechanism of histamine liberation observed was similar to that of specific antigen and was related to the preservation of the respiratory processes, the system of microtubules and cell cyclic nucleotides. The compounds tested were also capable of sensitizing the animal in intracutaneous injection of the substance without exogenous carrier. Sensitization developed according to the reaction of both the immediate and delayed types.

Histamine releasing and histamine binding action of platinum and palladium compounds.

Platinum and palladium salts were shown to possess either histamine releasing or histamine binding properties. Both these effects were dependent on chemical structures of the tested compounds and might be drawn up in the following sequences; Pd greater than Pt, PtIV greater than PtII, NO2 greater than F greater than Cl greater than SCN greater than J, trans greater than cis. One of the possible mechanisms of anti-tumoral effect of platinum and palladium salts might be their marked histamine binding activity.

[Effect of platinum and palladium compounds on mitochondrial enzymatic systems]. / Vliianie soedinenii platiny i palladiia na fermentnye sistemy mitokhondrii.

Effect of platinum and palladium complexes on respiration and ATPase activity in bovine heart tissue as well as on respiration of submitochondrial particles was studied. The highest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the complexes of platinum and palladium with pi-ligands in internal coorhdinational sphere such as ethylene-C H4, norbornadiene-C7H8 and allyl-C3H5. The electron density at the central atom of the complex was not responsible for the inhibitory affect of platinum and palladium on mitochondria.

[Interaction of platinum and palladium 5-sulfo-8-mercaptoquinoline complexes with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase]. / O mekhanizme vzaimodeistviia 5-sul'fo-8-merkaptokhinolinovykh kompleksov platiny i palladiia s Ca2+-zavisimoi ATPazoi sarkoplazmaticheskogo petikuluma.

5-Sulfo-8-mercaptoquinoline complexes of platinum and palladium (complexes I and II) effectively inhibit Ca2+-dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, in contrast to K2PtCl4, K2PdCl4 and other previously investigated platinum and palladium complexes, they do not interact with the thiol groups of the enzyme. The inhibiting effects of complexes I and II are reversible and competitive with respect to ATP. In aqueous solutions complexes I and II decrease the fluorescence of tryptophane with a simultaneous shift in fluorescence towards the long-wave region. The same effect is exerted by the complexes on the fluorescence of tryptophane residues in Ca2+-dependent ATPase preparations. An addition of tryptophane to the enzyme preparations preincubated with complexes I and II partly restores the enzyme activity. It is assumed that the inhibiting effect of complexes I and II is due to their non-covalent interactions with the trytophane residues vicinal to the ATPase center.

[Allergenic and anaphylactoid properties of carcinostatic compounds of platinum]. / Allergennye i anafilaktoidnye svoistva kantserostaticheskikh soedinenii platiny.

Different effects of platinum salts on the organism were studied comparatively. The toxic effect was estimated by LD50; the carcinogenic one--by the action on Ehrlich ascites tumor; the anaphylactoid effect was evaluated by the degree of the arterial pressure fall, the development of bronchospasm and an increased blood histamine level in cats under intravenous injection of platinum salts. The sensitization action of platinum salts was assessed on guinea pigs. All these effects are found to be dependent on the salts chemical composition, and they are manifested in an independent route.

[Inhibition of membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase by platinum and palladium salts]. / Ingibirovanie membranosviazannoi adenozintrifosfatazy soliami platiny i palladiia.

Inhibition capacity of platinum and palladium complexes is studied on membrane-bound ADTP. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme activity is determined by the nature of the central atom and by the electron density on it, as well as by the ligand donor-acceptor capacity, by its mobility. The configuration of the complex and the charge of complex ion are of importance. The acidoligands studied according to their inhibition effect can be arranged in the following line: NO2, Cl, Br, SCN, I, which is true both for platinum and palladium compounds. For palladium complexes this line coincides with the location of ligands according to their ability to draw off the electron density from the central atom while in case of platinum complexes it has an opposite course of relationship for platinum and palladium complexes, points to a different mechanism of their interaction with the enzyme.

[Inhibitory effect platinum and palladium complexes as indicator of conformational changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes]. / Ingibiruiushchie effekty kompleksov platiny i palladiia kak indikator konformatsionnykh perekhodov v membranakh sarkoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma

Inhibition of Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes (SRM) by platinum and palladium complexes is considerable enhanced during the incubation of these compunds with SRM preparations in the presence of small (10(-5) M) concentrations of ATP or ADP. AMP and nucleotides with non-adenine bases do not have inhibitory effect. To increase the sensitivity of Ca2+-dependent ATPase to platinum and palladium complexes under the action of ATP (but not ADP), the presence of free Ca2+-ions in the medium is required. In the absence of ATP Ca2+-ions do not affect the inhibiting effect of the complexes. The increase in pH of the medium up to 8.5 and the increase of temperature up to 45degree C sharply decrease the ATP ability to enchance the sensitivity of Ca2+-dependent ATPase to platinum and palladium compunds. It is assumed that the ATP ability to enhance Ca2+-dependent ATPase inhibition by platinum and palladium complexes is due to ATP-dependent structural changes in SRM, which increase the availability of certain groups of the enzyme to those compounds.