The Association of Skeletal Muscle Energetics With Recurrent Falls in Older Adults Within the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging.

BACKGROUND: Falls in the older population are a major public health concern. While many physiological and environmental factors have been associated with fall risk, muscle mitochondrial energetics has not yet been investigated. METHODS: In this analysis, 835 Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) participants aged 70-94 were surveyed for number of falls (total), recurrent falls (2+), and fall-related injuries over the past 12 months at baseline and again after 1 year. Skeletal muscle energetics were assessed at baseline in vivo using 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the maximal rate of adenosine triphosphate recovery (ATPmax) after an acute bout of exercise, and ex vivo by High-Resolution Respirometry for the maximal rate of complex I and II supported oxygen consumption (MaxOXPHOS) in permeabilized muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis. RESULTS: At least 1 fall was reported in 28.7% of SOMMA participants in the first year of the study, with 12% of older adults reporting recurrent falls (2+). Individuals who experienced recurrent falls had a slower 400-m walk gait speed (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 1.1 ± 0.2, p < .001), reported fewer alcoholic drinks per week in the past year (2.4 ± 4.3 vs 2.8 ± 4.4, p = .054), and took a significantly greater number of medication in the 30 days before their baseline visit (5.6 ± 4.4 vs 4.2 ± 3.4, p < .05). A history of falls was reported in 63% of individuals who experienced recurrent falls in the first year of the study compared to 22.8% who experienced 1 or fewer falls. MaxOXPHOS was significantly lower in those who reported recurrent falls (p = .008) compared to those with 1 or fewer falls, but there was no significant difference in ATPmax (p = .369). Neither muscle energetics measure was significantly associated with total number of falls or injurious falls, but recurrent falls were significantly higher with lower MaxOXPHOS (risk ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.73, p = .033). However, covariates accounted for the increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Mitochondrial energetics were largely unrelated to fall risk in older adults when accounting for variables, suggesting that the complex etiology of falls may not be related to a single "hallmark of aging" biological pathway.

Ciclo biológico de Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, 1927 alimentado con sangre humana en condiciones de laboratorio / Biological cycle of Rhodnius robustus Larrousse 1927 feeding with human blood in laboratory conditions

El propósito del presente trabajo es el estudio del ciclo biológico de R. robustus alimentado con sangre humana. Los triatominos procedían de una colonia fundada con ejemplares capturados en Caño Tigre, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Los insectos fueron alimentados a través de membrana de látex en un alimentador artificial a 37°C con sangre humana con citrato de sodio como anticoagulante. Se observó una fecundidad de 13,9 huevos/hembra/semana, fertilidad 78,32 por ciento, el ciclo biológico desde huevo a adulto se completó en aproximadamente 70 días. Los resultados muestran que R. robustus es capaz de reproducirse exitosamente al ser alimentada con sangre humana, lo cual contribuye a su potencialidad como especie domiciliaria y transmisora de la Enfermedad de Chagas.

Perfil de la mortalidad de hembras de Rhodnius robustus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) / Mortality profile of female Rhodnius robustus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Se estudió la mortalidad de 48 hembras adultas de Rhodnius robustus. Dada la significancia estadística del ajuste de los datos al modelo de Gompertz (p<0.0001), se puede afirmar que el mismo permite describir la mortalidad de esta especie.