Bilberry Anthocyanins (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Induced Apoptosis of B16-F10 Cells and Diminished the Effect of Dacarbazine.

Anthocyanins have been reported to have potential as dietary or pharmaceutical supplements in the application of cancer prevention and adjunctive treatment. However, there are few studies on the effect of anthocyanins on melanoma, which have only been performed in cell lines. The objective of this work was to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of bilberry anthocyanin extract (BAE) on melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Moreover, a primary study was done to investigate how BAE influenced C57BL/6 mice bearing subcutaneous B16-F10 tumors treated with dacarbazine (DTIC). BAE-induced apoptosis in B16-F10 cells was associated with activation of the mitochondrial pathway induced by increased reactive oxygen species. More, In Vivo anticancer activity studies indicated that BAE attenuated melanoma growth, as identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Ki-67, and TUNEL assays. Further western blot results revealed higher phospho-Akt expression with the combination of BAE and DTIC, indicating no suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, this study demonstrated the anti-melanoma activity of BAE and investigated its mechanism. Notably, it should be careful to use products enriching BAE for those melanoma patients treated with DTIC.

Synergistically Enhancing Tumor Chemotherapy Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer on Covalently Conjugated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles.

Due to the polygenic and heterogeneous nature of the tumorigenesis process, traditional chemotherapy is far from desirable. Fabricating multifunctional nanoplatforms integrating photodynamic effect can synergistically enhance chemotherapy because they can make the cancer cells much sensitive to chemotherapeutics. However, how to assemble different units in nanoplatforms and minimize side effects caused by chemodrugs and photosensitizers (PSs) still needs to be explored. Herein, a nanoplatform CPP/PS-MIP@DOX is developed using a simultaneously covalently conjugated new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PS and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) on the surface of silica-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles, prepared with doxorubicin (DOX) as the template in the water system via a sol-gel technique. CPP/PS-MIP@DOX has good biocompatibility, high DOX-loading ability, promoted cellular uptake, and sustained and pH-sensitive drug release capability. Furthermore, it can efficiently penetrate into tumor tissue, accurately home to, and accumulate at the tumor site. As a result, a better efficacy with lower cytotoxicity is achieved with a smaller dosage of DOX by utilizing either the photodynamic effect or unique characteristics of the MIP. It is the first nanoplatform fabricated by chemically conjugating AIE PSs directly on the surface of the scaffold via the surface-decorated strategy and successfully applied in cancer therapy. This work provides an effective strategy by constructing AIE PS-based cancer nanomedicines with MIPs as scaffolds.

Preparation of porous magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for fast and specifically extracting trace norfloxacin residue in pork liver.

Here, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were designed for norfloxacin via oil-in-water emulsifier-free emulsion method. It was prepared by simply mixing norfloxacin, methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer, and Fe3 O4 together at room temperature. Characterized by multiple analytical tools, the particle size, pore size, pore volume, specific surface area, and saturation magnetization of the product were about 30 µm, 10-500 nm, 2.92 mL/g, 105.84 m2 /g, and 3.052 emu/g, respectively. And the adsorption capacity was high at 27.04 mg/g towards norfloxacin. Combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography, it was used to determine norfloxacin in real samples. Average recoveries were above 77.44% with relative standard deviations between 1.21 and 6.85% at three spiked levels (n = 3) for lake water and pork liver. The determination was achieved for the most complex biosample pork liver spiked with norfloxacin low to 30 ng/g, about 100 times less than the maximum residue limit regulated by Commission of the European Communities. All evidences demonstrated that the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers can be used in practice for monitoring norfloxacin either in environmental water or meat product with high accuracy and reliability.