Application and progress of new technologies and new materials in the treatment of pathological scar.

Pathological scars (PS), including hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids, are a common complication of poor wound healing that significantly affects patients' quality of life. Currently, there are several treatment options for PS, including surgery, drug therapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy. However, these treatments still face major challenges such as low efficacy, high side effects, and a high risk of recurrence. Therefore, the search for safer and more effective treatments is particularly urgent. New materials often have less immune rejection, good histocompatibility, and can reduce secondary damage during treatment. New technology can also reduce the side effects of traditional treatments and the recurrence rate after treatment. Furthermore, derivative products of new materials and biomaterials can improve the therapeutic effect of new technologies on PS. Therefore, new technologies and innovative materials are considered better options for enhancing PS. This review concentrates on the use of two emerging technologies, microneedle (MN) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and two novel materials, photosensitizers and exosomes (Exos), in the treatment of PS.

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aziridines and Allylic Chlorides.

A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aziridines and allylic chlorides was realized by using manganese metal as the reducing agent. This protocol afforded a convenient approach to obtain ß-allyl-substituted arylethylamines bearing various functional groups. The utility of this reaction was also demonstrated by scale-up preparation and diverse transformations, including the synthesis of Baclofen and several bioactive molecular motifs.

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Three-Component Cross-Coupling of Butadiene with Aldehydes and Alkenyl Triflates/Bromides: Access to Skipped Dienes.

A regio- and stereoselective nickel-catalyzed reductive three-component cross-coupling of 1,3-butadiene with aldehydes and alkenyl triflates or bromides was realized. This protocol afforded a convenient approach to the synthesis of skipped diene compounds bearing various functionals and heterocyclic groups. The utility of this reaction was also demonstrated by scale-up preparation and diverse transformations.