Tertiary lymphoid structures as potential biomarkers for cancer prediction and prognosis.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphocyte aggregates formed in non-lymphoid tissues, including cancers, and are loci for the generation of in situ anti-tumor immune responses, which play a crucial role in cancer control. The state of TLS presence in cancer and its composition can significantly impact the treatment response and prognosis of patients. TLSs have the potential to serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying TLS formation in cancer and how the essential components of TLSs affect cancer are not fully understood. In this review, we summarized TLS formation in cancer, the value of the TLS in different states of existence, and its key constituents for cancer prediction and prognosis. Finally, we discussed the impact of cancer treatment on TLSs.

Mature tertiary lymphoid structures: important contributors to anti-tumor immune efficacy.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) represent the ectopic aggregations of immune cells arising during chronic inflammation or tumor progression. In cancer, TLS are often associated with beneficial clinical outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, underscoring their prognostic and predictive significance. Mature TLS, characterized by germinal centers and areas of T-cell and B-cell aggregation, are considered primary locations for activating and maintaining both humoral and cellular anti-tumor immune effects. Despite their recognized importance, the mechanisms driving the formation of mature TLS in cancer and their influence on the immune response within tumors remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the structural composition, development mechanisms, maturity impact factors, immunological function, and innovative therapeutic strategies of mature TLS within the tumor microenvironment. The research summarized herein offers novel insights and considerations for therapeutic approaches to promote TLS generation and maturation in patients with cancer, representing a promising avenue for future cancer therapies.

Immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer: Occurrence, mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has heralded a transformative era in the therapeutic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While ICIs have demonstrated clinical efficacy in a portion of patients with NSCLC, these treatments concurrently precipitate a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), encompassing mild to severe manifestations, collectively posing a risk of significant organ damage. Consequently, there exists an imperative to augment our comprehension of the pathophysiological underpinnings of irAEs and to formulate more efficacious preventive and ameliorative strategies. In this comprehensive review, we delineate the clinical presentation of organ-specific irAEs in patients with NSCLC and provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms driving ICI-induced toxicity. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies and targets for ameliorating these irAEs. Ultimately, this review aims to furnish valuable insights to guide further research endeavours in the context of irAEs in NSCLC patients.

Clinical Effectiveness of Home-Based Telerehabilitation Program for Geriatric Hip Fracture Following Total Hip Replacement.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a six-month home-based telerehabilitation based on the Internet-based rehabilitation management system coupled with conventional outpatient care in elderly patients with hip fractures following total hip replacement (THR). METHODS: Elderly patients (aged over 65 years) with first hip fractures who underwent THR between March 2018 and September 2018 in Tianjin Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: telerehabilitation group (n = 43) and telephone group (n = 42). A Internet-based telerehabilitation management system was established and applied on patients in the telerehabilitation group. For patients in the telephone group, the rehabilitation intervention was administered through conventional outpatient care (telephone along with outpatient follow-up). Data from the Harris hip scale (HHS), functional independence measure (FIM), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and postoperative complications at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were collected and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 85 elderly patients completed the 6-month follow-up assessment. Results showed that the HHS score was significantly higher in the telerehabilitation group than in the telephone group at 1 month (66.35 ± 4.63 vs 63.48 ± 4.49), 3 months (76.33 ± 4.52 vs 71.81 ± 3.84), and 6 months (84.23 ± 3.13 vs 77.29 ± 4.95) after surgery (P < 0.001). The FIM score was significantly higher in the telerehabilitation group than in the telephone group at 1 month (89.00 ± 5.63 vs 73.35 ± 8.70), 3 months (100.16 ± 4.56 vs 92.81 ± 5.17), and 6 months (111.70 ± 3.13 vs 98.64 ± 5.12) after surgery (P < 0.001). The SAS score was significantly lower in the telerehabilitation group than in the telephone group at 1 month (42.40 ± 3.07 vs 46.21 ± 3.53), 3 months (36.77 ± 2.26 vs 40.24 ± 1.66), and 6 months (29.26 ± 1.63 vs 33.81 ± 2.62) after surgery (P < 0.001). The overall complication rate was significantly lower in the telerehabilitation group than in the telephone group (14% vs 40.5%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Internet-based rehabilitation management system can not only promote the physical rehabilitation of patients, but also play a positive role in psychological rehabilitation and the prevention of complications, which provides new ideas and methods for clinical rehabilitation.

Risk factors for contralateral hip refractures in patients aged over 80 years with intertrochanteric femoral fractures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify which of the risk factors would contribute to the contralateral fracture in very elderly patients after intramedullary nail fixation. Methods: Clinical data of 227 intertrochanteric fracture patients aged 80 years or older were retrospectively reviewed. Intramedullary nails (IMNs) were used on all of the patients. Potential risk factors for contralateral hip refractures were determined using univariate and logistic regression analyses. Results: Contralateral hip refractures occurred in 11 patients (4.84%). Univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, body mass index, fracture classification, hematocrit, D-dimer, and CRP level were not associated with contralateral fractures (P > 0.05). However, neurological diseases, cardiovascular disease, and visual impairments were significantly associated with contralateral fractures (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis further revealed that neurological diseases (OR 4.25, P = 0.044) and visual impairments (OR 5.42, P = 0.015) were independent risk factors associated with contralateral refractures. Conclusion: To prevent contralateral refractures, more attention should be paid to elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients with underlying neurological disease and visual impairments.

Effect of Home-based Telerehabilitation on the Postoperative Rehabilitation Outcome of Hip Fracture in the Aging Population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of home-based telerehabilitation based on the Internet-based rehabilitation management system on hip function, activities of daily living and somatic integrative ability of elderly postoperative hip fracture patients. METHODS: From June 2020 to November 2020, we recruited 58 elderly postoperative hip fracture patients and randomly assigned them to the telephone group (n = 29) and the telerehabilitation group (n = 29). Both groups received routine discharge instructions, and the former received telephone follow-up after discharge, while the latter received remote rehabilitation based on the Internet-based rehabilitation management system. The Harris hip score (HHS), functional independence measure (FIM), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and short physical performance battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate the patients' hip function, activities of daily living, and overall somatic ability. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the baseline data of the two groups before the intervention (P > 0.05); no matter after hip replacement or internal fixation, the HHS score and FIM score of both groups increased gradually with the postoperative time, and the scores in the telerehabilitation group were higher than those in the telephone group at 1 and 3 months after the intervention, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05); for patients after hip replacement, the TUG and SPPB scores in the telerehabilitation group were better than those in the telephone group at 3 months after the intervention, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Internet-based rehabilitation management system applied to postoperative home rehabilitation of elderly hip fracture patients can improve the functional recovery of the hip joint and enhance the ability to perform activities of daily living and somatic integration to a certain extent. This seems to provide an effective option for conducting home rehabilitation.

Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory/secretory products trigger apoptosis and S-phase arrest of the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549.

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) muscle larvae (ML) excretory/secretory products (ESPs) are antitumor substances extracted from the culture medium of T. spiralis ML. The ESPs inhibit tumor growth and induce tumor cell apoptosis. To explore the effects of these products on the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line A549, logarithmically growing A549 cells were co-cultured with different concentrations of T. spiralis ML ESPs for 24, 36 and 48 h. Our results showed that T. spiralis ML ESPs significantly inhibited A549 cells proliferation, which was dose-and time-dependent. To evaluate the inhibition by T. spiralis ML ESPs of the growth of A549 cells, we assayed their apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution by flow cytometry (FCM). To determine whether ESPs induced apoptosis of A549 cells via the mitochondrial pathway, we evaluated the levels of mitochondrion-related factors by Western blotting. The FCM indicated a clear trend toward apoptosis of A549 cells co-cultured with ESPs for 24 h. The cells were blocked in S-phase. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of the genes encoding Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 increased (compared to a control group), and the Bcl-2 gene expression level decreased. Our results suggest that T. spiralis ML ESPs induce apoptosis of the NSCLC line A549 via the mitochondrial pathway; the cells become arrested in S-phase. This may explain the antineoplastic activity of T. spiralis ML ESPs.

Comparison of Transverse Cancellous Lag Screw and Ordinary Cannulated Screw Fixations in Treatment of Vertical Femoral Neck Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of transverse cancellous lag screw (TCLS) fixations and ordinary cannulated screw (OCS) fixations for vertical femoral neck fractures. METHODS: A total of 62 eligible patients with an average age of 56.2 years (range, 19-45 years; 40 male and 22 female) with Pauwels' type III femoral neck fractures were recruited in our study from January 2016 to December 2017. Among the patients, 30 underwent TCLS fixation (TCLS group), and the others were treated with OCS fixation (OCS group). The baseline data, perioperative outcomes (operative time, intra-operative blood loss, reduction quality, and hospital time), postoperative outcomes evaluated by a variety of scales including visual analogue scale (VAS) score, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Harris hip scores (HHS), and complications (nonunion, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and failure of fixation) of the two groups were recorded to compare at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time of included patients was 13.4 ± 1.6 months in the TCLS group and 13.7 ± 0.9 months in the OCS group. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data as well as perioperative outcomes, including operative time, intra-operative blood loss, the hemoglobin difference before and after treatment, quality of reduction, and hospital time between two groups. Likewise, the VAS score, the EQ-5D score, and complications rates including nonunion and femoral head necrosis had no distinct difference in two groups. However, HHS in the TCLS group were superior to those in the OCS group at 12-month follow-up, and the femoral neck shortening rate was prominently reduced in the TCLS group when compared with the OCS group. CONCLUSIONS: Treating vertical femoral neck fractures with the TCLS technique could significantly improve hip functional recovery and reduce the postoperative femoral neck shortening rate. The present study provides novel insight for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures.

Optimization of electronic prescription for parallel external fixator based on genetic algorithm.

PURPOSE: For the parallel external fixator, there are some defects, such as uneven distraction rate, unbearable pain and uncontrollable movement trajectory in practical clinical applications. In order to solve the problems, a new deformity correction algorithm, which is used to calculate the elongation of the six struts, is developed. Meanwhile, the corresponding computer software for getting the electronic prescription is developed. METHODS: First, the trajectory of the moving bone is planned by Cartesian coordinate path control. Next, the prescription is obtained from the trajectory by the inverse pose solution algorithm. Finally, the genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the achieved prescription. From the year of 2015 to 2018, twenty-three patients with complicated tibia deformity are treated by using parallel external fixator and the developed computer software. All patients have standing, patella-forward, full-length post-operative AP and lateral radiographs of the lower limbs with the complete proximal ring for getting the deformity parameters and frame parameters. These parameters are input into the computer software to calculate a daily prescription schedule for strut adjustment. Radiographs are taken regularly to determine the effects of recovery during the correction process. RESULTS: The mean time of follow-up is 18 months (range 11-40 months). All patients reach the requirements for deformity correction, and their symptoms and appearance are improved significantly. No cases of wound infections or complications occur, and no severe pain came as well during the correction process. CONCLUSIONS: By using the computer-aided parallel external fixator for the correction of lower limb deformities, satisfactory outcomes can be achieved. Hence, this method greatly improved the treatment of these patients in a clinical application.

The effectiveness and safety of aminocaproic acid for reducing blood loss in total knee and hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aminocaproic acid in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: The electronic databases include PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to January, 2018. Two reviewers abstracted total blood loss, hemoglobin drop, transfusion requirements, and postoperative complications. Data were using fixed-effects or random-effects models with weighted mean differences and risk difference for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. STATA 14.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Six studies encompassing 756 participants were retrieved for this meta-analysis. Our study indicated that intravenous aminocaproic acid was associated with a significantly reduction in total blood loss, hemoglobin drop and need for transfusion. Additionally, no increased risk of thromboembolic events were identified. CONCLUSION: Based on the present meta-analysis, intravenous aminocaproic acid is effective and safe in total knee and hip arthroplasty without increasing the incidence of thromboembolic events. Further studies should focus on the comparison of aminocaproic acid and TXA in arthroplasties.

Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer.

Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidences suggest that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.

Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer.

Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidence suggests that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.

Internal Fixation of Complicated Acetabular Fractures Directed by Preoperative Surgery with 3D Printing Models.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of preoperative surgery with 3D printing-assisted internal fixation of complicated acetabular fractures. A retrospective case review was performed for the above surgical procedure. A 23-year-old man was confirmed by radiological examination to have fractures of multiple ribs, with hemopneumothorax and communicated fractures of the left acetabulum. According to the Letounel and Judet classification, T-shaped fracture involving posterior wall was diagnosed. A 3D printing pelvic model was established using CT digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data preoperatively, with which surgical procedures were simulated in preoperative surgery to confirm the sequence of the reduction and fixation as well as the position and length of the implants. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) of the acetabular fracture using modified ilioinguinal and Kocher-Langenbeck approaches was performed 25 days after injury. Plates that had been pre-bent in the preoperative surgery were positioned and screws were tightened in the directions determined in the preoperative planning following satisfactory reduction. The duration of the operation was 170 min and blood loss was 900 mL. Postoperative X-rays showed that anatomical reduction of the acetabulum was achieved and the hip joint was congruous. The position and length of the implants were not different when compared with those in preoperative surgery on 3D printing models. We believe that preoperative surgery using 3D printing models is beneficial for confirming the reduction and fixation sequence, determining the reduction quality, shortening the operative time, minimizing preoperative difficulties, and predicting the prognosis for complicated fractures of acetabulam.

Systematic Identification and Competitive Disruption of Securin-Binding Partners in the Gene Diversity Space of Human Colorectal Cancer.

Human securin is regulatory protein involved in control of the metaphase-anaphase transition and anaphase onset of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidences suggest that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich peptides. In this study, we have performed a genome-wide analysis and identification of securin-binding partners in the gene diversity space of human colorectal cancer. The securin-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular assay. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human securin in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the securin peptides using fluorescence-based analysis. We also designed two peptide mutants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt securin interaction with its partners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

External fixation versus dynamic hip screw in treatment of elderly intertrochanteric hip fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of external fixation compared with dynamic hip screw (DHS) for the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric hip fractures. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane central database (All to December 19th, 2015) for comparative studies relevant to external fixation versus DHS for the management of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Only randomized controlled trial (RCT) were included. We extracted the trial characteristics, intervention details, primary and secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed. Fixed/random effect model was adapted according to the heterogeneity tested by I2 statistic. Sensitivity analysis was conducted and publication bias was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 4 RCTs were retrieved involving 260 patients. Pooled results showed for the primary outcomes of Harris hip score and final mortality, no significant difference was found between external fixation and DHS, however, for the secondary outcomes, external fixation had advantages in the aspects of length of surgery, operative blood loss, blood transfusion and hospital stay while shortcomings in pin-track infection. For other secondary outcomes such as fracture reduction, cut out and varus malunion, no significant difference could be found. CONCLUSIONS: While there was no conclusive evidence, as external fixation with less surgery time, less blood loss and less post-operative pain while no compromise in final functional outcome and mortality compared with DHS, it could be considered as an alternative for the elderly intertrochanteric hip fractures, especially in highrisk patients who could not tolerate routine spinal anesthesia and open surgery.

Intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in primary total hip replacement: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with substantial blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce perioperative blood loss. The optimal administration routine of TXA remains controversial. The objective of the present systemic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness and safety of various application methods of tranexamic acid in primary THA. METHODS: Potential relevant literature was identified from electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, web of science and Cochrane Library. Grey academic studies were also identified from the references of the included literature. There was no language restriction. The pooling of data was carried out by using RevMan 5.1. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs involving 1614 patients met the inclusion criteria. Current meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in terms of total blood loss (MD = -30.04, 95% CI: -114.67 to 54.59, P = 0.49), postoperative hemoglobin level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.10, P = 0.14), transfusion rate (RD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.5 to -0.00, P = 0.09), length of stay ((MD = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.30 to 0.01, P = 0.07) or operation time ((MD = 1.00, 95% CI: -0.31 to 2.31, P = 0.14) between treatment groups. No significant differences were found regarding the incidence of adverse effects such as wound infection (RD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.04, P = 0.66), myocardial infarction (MI) (RD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.02, P = 0.61), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (RD = 0.00, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.01, P = 0.51) or pulmonary embolism (PE) (RD = RD = 0.00, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.01, P = 0.63) between groups. CONCLUSION: The topical administration of TXA in THA carried similar hemostasis effects compared with intravenous use without an increased risk of thrombotic complications. No other adverse effect was identified. Topical TXA application was a simple, safe, effective and cost-effective adjunct for blood management following primary THA. For patients with a high risk of thromboembolic events, there may be benefits with topical administration.

[Clinical characteristics and surgical management of Eyres type V coracoid fracture combined with superior shoulder suspensory complex injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of Eyres type V coracoid fracture combined with superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) injuries, and the effectiveness of open reduction and fixation. METHODS: Between March 2004 and July 2012, 13 patients with Eyres type V coracoid fracture and SSSC injuries were treated. There were 10 males and 3 females with an average age of 41 years (range, 23-59 years). Injury was caused by falling from height in 4 cases, by traffic accident in 6 cases, and by impact of the heavy weight in 3 cases. The interval from injury to operation was 3-10 days (mean, 5.2 days). SSSC injuries included 9 cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, 5 cases of clavicular fractures, and 4 cases of acromion fractures. The coracoid fractures were fixed with cannulated screws; the acromioclavicular joint dislocations were fixed with hook plate (6 cases) or Kirschner wires (2 case) except 1 untreated case; the clavicular fractures were fixed with anatomical locking plate (3 cases) and hook plate (2 cases); the acromion fractures were fixed with cannulated screws (1 case), Kirschner wires (2 cases), or both of them (1 case). RESULTS: The mean operation time was 158.0 minutes (range, 100-270 minutes), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 207.7 mL (range, 150-300 mL). The other patients obtained primary healing of incision except 1 patient who had inflammation around incision, which was cured after change dressing. All patients were followed up for 22.6 months on average (range, 17-35 months). All fractures achieved union at a mean time of 3.6 months (range, 2-6 months). No nerve injury and implant fixation failure complications were observed. At last follow-up, the Constant score and the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score had a significant improvement when compared with scores at pre-operation (P < 0.05). The shoulder range of motion in flexion, abduction, and external rotation at last follow-up were significantly higher than those at pre-operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Eyres type V coracoid fracture associated with SSSC injuries usually results in the instability of the shoulder. With individual surgical treatment, the satisfactory function and good effectiveness can be obtained.

[Detection of protein secretion and expression and osteogenic activity of adipose tissue-derived stem cells after in vitro transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor].

OBJECTIVE: To examine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein secretion and expression and explore the osteogenic activity of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after transfection of human VEGF. METHODS: The ADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue after the digestion of collagenase.After identification by flow cytometry, the cells were cultured and passaged in nutritive medium. Gene sequence encoding human VEGF mature peptide was obtained by Trizol reagent method from human vascular tissue. Target gene VEGF was connected with bicistronic expression vector containing green fluorescent protein to form pSELECT-GFP zeo-VEGF for transfecting 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th generation ADSCs mediated by liposome. The transfection results were verified under fluorescence microscope. VEGF protein secretion by transfected cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Second-generation transfected ADSCs were cultured under osteogenic conditions.The supernatant levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) were detected. RESULTS: Liposome-mediated VEGF target gene fragment could transfect ADSCs successfully. ELISA quantitative detection showed that VEGF mRNA expression levels in supernatant of the transfected group was significantly higher than the control group. And there were significant differences. After osteogenic culturing, the detections of ELISA, real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the secretion of ALP and OC of VEGF transfected group was significantly higher than that of empty vector transfected and blank cell groups.And there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: After transfected by liposome-mediated VEGF target gene fragment, human ADSCs can express biologically active VEGF mRNA in vitro continuously and effectively. Directional differentiation capacity of transfected ADSCs is significantly enhanced.

[Comparison study on two operations for treatment of extra-articular distal tibial fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for treatment of extra-articular distal tibial fracture. METHODS: Between March 2009 and March 2012, 57 patients with extra-articular distal tibial fractures were treated, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of 57 cases, 31 were treated with MIPO (MIPO group), and 26 with ORIF (ORIF group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, type of fractures, complication, and time from injury to operation between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and complications were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Wound infection occurred in 5 cases [2 in MIPO group (6.5%) and 3 in ORIF group (11.5%)] showing no significant difference (Chi(2)=0.651, P=0.499). The other wound obtained healing by first intention. All cases were followed up 13-24 months (mean, 15 months). No significant difference was found in the average healing time between 2 groups and between patients with types A and B by AO classification (P > 0.05); in patients with type C, the healing time in MIPO group was significantly shorter than that in ORIF group (t= -2.277, P=0.033). Delayed union was observed in 3 cases of MIPO group (9.7%) and in 4 cases of ORIF group (15.4%), showing no significant difference (Chi(2)=0.428, P=0.691). Mal-union occurred in 4 cases of MIPO group (12.9%) and in 1 case of ORIF group (3.8%), showing no significant difference (Chi(2)=1.449, P=0.362). No significant difference was found in Mazur score between 2 groups (t=0.480, P=0.633). The excellent and good rate was 93.5% in MIPO group (excellent in 24 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case) and was 92.3% in ORIF group (excellent in 18 cases, good in 6 cases, and poor in 2 cases), and the difference was not significant (Z= -0.687, P=0.492). CONCLUSION: Both MIPO and ORIF have good results in treating extra-articular distal tibial fractures. MIPO is superior to ORIF for treating complex and communited fractures.

[Effect of iliolumbar fixation in patients with Tile C pelvic injury and analysis of relative factors].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative prognostic factors of Tile C pelvic injury after iliolumbar fixation. METHODS: Between March 2007 and March 2010, 60 patients with Tile C pelvic injuries were surgically treated with iliolumbar fixation, including 39 males and 21 females with an average age of 37 years (range, 17-66 years). Of them, 27 cases were classified as Tile C1, 20 as Tile C2, and 13 as Tile C3. The preoperative injury severity score (ISS) was 12-66 (mean, 29.4). The time from injury to surgery was 2-25 days (mean, 8.1 days). Iliolumbar fixation was performed in all patients. Unconditional logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the age, sex, body mass index (BMI), operation opportunity, the preoperative combined injury, classification of fracture, the postoperative complication, reduction outcome, sacral nerve injury, and the time of physical exercise and the prognosis. RESULTS: All 60 patients were followed up 12-56 months (mean, 27.3 months). Infection of incisions occurred in 12 cases and were cured after dressing change; healing of incision by first intention was obtained in the other patients. Delay sacral nerve injury was found in 15 patients, 6 patients underwent nerve decompression, and 9 underwent conservative treatment. Ten patients had nail protrusion of Schanz screws at the posterior superior illac spine, and 3 patients had pain, which was relieved after removal of the internal fixator. One patient had bone-grafting nonunion of sacroiliac joint, which was improved by pressured bone graft. Five patients had the beam breakage without significant effect. Six patients had deep vein thrombosis, among them 4 underwent filter and 2 underwent nonsurgical treatment. The healing time of fracture was 3-6 months (mean, 3.9 months). According to the Matta function score, the results were excellent in 31 cases, good in 24 cases, fair in 3 cases, and poor in 2 cases with an excellent and good rate of 91.7% at last follow-up. Majeed score was 58-100 (mean, 86), 28 were rated as excellent, 12 as good, 16 as fair, and 4 as poor with an excellent and good rate of 66.7%. The logistic analysis showed that the age, sex, BMI, and postoperative complications were not prognostic factors; early operation (within 10 days), early function exercises (within 7 days), the better reduction quality, and the less sacral nerve injury were in favor of prognosis; and the worse preoperative combined injury and pelvic injury were, the worse the prognosis was. CONCLUSION: Operation opportunity, the preoperative combined injury, reduction outcome, sacral nerve injury, and the time of physical exercise are all significantly prognostic factors of Tile C pelvic injuries.