Effects of different extraction methods on the structural and biological properties of Hericium coralloides polysaccharides.

In current study, polysaccharides from Hericium coralloides were extracted by heat reflux, acid-assisted, alkali-assisted, enzyme-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, cold water, pressurized hot water, hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid system and acid-chlorite delignification methods, which were named as HRE-P, ACE-P, AAE-P, EAE-P, UAE-P, CWE-P, PHE-P, HAE-P, and ACD-P, respectively. Their physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities were investigated and compared. Experimental outcomes indicated notable variations in the extraction yields, chemical compositions, monosaccharide constituents and molecular weights of the obtained nine polysaccharides. HRE-P demonstrated the highest activity against ABTS and OH radicals, CWE-P against ABTS, DPPH, and superoxide radicals, and UAE-P against DPPH radicals. In addition, UAE-P, CWE-P, and HAE-P exhibited better protective effects on L929 cells, when compared to the other obtained polysaccharides. Additionally, correlation analysis indicated that monosaccharide composition and total polyphenol content were two prominent variables influencing the bioactivity of H. coralloides polysaccharides.

Antioxidant and DNA damage protecting potentials of polysaccharide extracted from Phellinus baumii using a delignification method.

A delignification method was employed to extract the polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Phellinus baumii. The three parameters, processing temperature, ratio of water to raw material and amount of acetic acid every time were optimized using the Box-Behnken design. As a result, the optimal extraction conditions were: processing temperature 70.3°C, ratio of water to raw material of 34.7mL/g and amount of acetic acid of 0.32mL every time. Under these conditions, the highest yield of polysaccharide (10.28%) was obtained. The main fraction (PPB-2) purified from PPB was composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and mannose, while glucose was the predominant monosaccharide. PPB-2 exhibited noticeable antioxidant activity and strong protection against oxidative DNA damage. These findings implied that acid-chlorite delignification was a superior method to extract the polysaccharide from P. baumii and PPB-2 may be useful for cancer chemoprevention.

Extraction optimization and biological properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Gleoestereum incarnatum.

Extraction was optimized of polysaccharides from Gleoestereum incarnatum (GIP). The three parameters, extraction temperature, extraction time and the ratio of water to raw material, were optimized using the Box-Behnken design. As a result, the optimal extraction conditions were: extraction temperature 87.5 °C, extraction time 1 h and the ratio of water to raw material of 39.7 mL/g, where the highest yield of polysaccharide (13.18%) was obtained. GIP-II was the main fraction purified form GIP. GIP-II was composed of galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose, with glucose was the predominant monosaccharide. GIP-II exhibited strong scavenging activities against DPPH and hydroxyl radials in vitro, as well as a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of HepG2 cells. The overall findings indicated that GIP-II is worthy of further exploration for its potential applications in antitumor drugs or health foods.