RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Statins have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rosuvastatin has favorable effect on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), whether this effect is associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and, furthermore, whether there is close correlation between gene expression of TNF-alpha and activity of p38 MAP kinase. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult male Wistar rats with acute MI were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) rosuvastatin-treated group (MI-R) receiving rosuvastatin 20 mg/kg once daily, and (2) infarcted group (MI) receiving saline, when compared with sham-operated control group. Four weeks later, echocardiography, hemodynamics and Van Gieson staining were applied to evaluate left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Myocardial gene expression of TNF-alpha and activity of p38 MAP kinase were analyzed by real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The results demonstrated that increased TNF-alpha gene expression in noninfarcted areas was accompanied by activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, treatment of rosuvastatin markedly improved ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in rats, which was associated with attenuations in both TNF-alpha gene expression and p38 MAP kinase activity in myocardium without changes in serum lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of rosuvastatin was able to improve cardiac remodeling and cardiac function after acute MI, which was associated with attenuations in both expression of TNF-alpha and activity of p38 MAP kinase in myocardium.
Assuntos
Fluorbenzenos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/análise , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Western Blotting , Colesterol/sangue , Ecocardiografia , Fluorbenzenos/farmacologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/química , Miocárdio/patologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Ventricular/fisiologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/biossínteseRESUMO
To explore the method of identifying nursing-related patient safety events, types, contributing factors and evaluate consequences of these events in hospitals of China, incident report program was established and implemented in 15 patient units in two teaching hospitals of China to get the relevant information. Among 2935 hospitalized patients, 141 nursing-related patient safety events were reported by nurses. Theses events were categorized into 15 types. Various factors contributed to the events and the consequence varied from no harm to patient death. Most of the events were preventable. It is concluded that incident reporting can provide more information about patient safety, and establishment of a program of voluntary incident reporting in hospitals of China is not only urgent but also feasible.