RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Smart molecular probes are required in the application of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for biochemical and clinical research. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic values of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), folate receptor (FR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-targeted molecular probes in the MRI diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: Initially, a total of 508 female breast cancer patients were selected for breast cancer subtype classification by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade of different breast cancer subtypes were compared. Molecular probes of Ab-ER-USPIO, Ab-PR-USPIO, Ab-FR-USPIO and Ab-HER-2-USPIO were constructed and screened. The specific binding of molecular probes to breast cancer cells was detected both in vitro and in vivo by Prussian blue staining and MRI using T1 and T2 weighted images. Finally, in vivo toxicity of Ab-HER-2-USPIO was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: We identified the following subtypes of breast cancer: Luminal A (ER-positive, FR-positive, HER-2-negative), Luminal B (ER-positive, FR-positive, HER-2-positive), HER-2 overexpression (ER-negative, FR-negative, HER-2-positive), and triple-negative breast cancer (ER-negative, FR-negative, HER-2-negative). Featuring favorable in vitro biocompatibility and low in vivo toxicity, Ab-HER-2-USPIO can specifically bind to breast cancer cells BT47 and SKBR3, thus enhancing the quality of T1 weighted MRI images. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that HER-2-targeted MRI molecular probes may be used in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer and facilitate the development of promising strategies for breast cancer treatments.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Meios de Contraste/química , Receptores de Folato com Âncoras de GPI/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos/química , Anticorpos/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dextranos/química , Feminino , Receptores de Folato com Âncoras de GPI/química , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor ErbB-2/química , Receptor ErbB-2/imunologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/química , Receptores de Progesterona/químicaRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the preparation, physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity in vitro of Gemcitabine-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) nanovesicles. METHODS: The nanovesicle carriers were prepared from the amphiphilic block copolymer of PEG-PDLLA by a double emulsion technique, and gemcitabine was used as the model drug. The morphology of the nanovesicles was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the drug content, drug entrapment and drug-release curve in vitro were detected by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry. Cytotoxicity in the human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethyl) ethiazole (MTT) assay. RESULTS: The gemcitabine-loaded nanovesicles were hollow nanospheres with a mean size of 200.6 nm, drug loading of 4.14% and drug embedding ratio of 20.54%. The nanovesicles showed excellent controlled release that was characterized by a fast initial release during the first 72 h, followed by a slower and continuous release. The MTT assay demonstrated that gemcitabine-loaded nanovesicles exhibited dose-dependent and time-delayed cytotoxicity in the human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine-loaded PEG-PDLLA nanovesicles prepared by a double emulsion technique exhibited good performance for controlled drug release, and had similar cytotoxic activity to free gemcitabine.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Portadores de Fármacos , Poliésteres/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/química , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Desoxicitidina/química , Desoxicitidina/farmacologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Emulsões/química , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Nanoestruturas , Tamanho da Partícula , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Polímeros/química , GencitabinaRESUMO
The investigation was carried out from 15 May to 10 June 2006 among diarrhea patients of two schools and periphery residents in Hecun Town, Jiangshan City. Stool samples were examined for Entamoeba histolytica. Water samples were taken for microbial analysis. 31 cases with E. histolytica were found,with 74.2% (23 cases) of students and preschool children. 9 cases were found in Liuyi kindergarten and 8 cases in Hecun central primary school with a prevalence of 7.4% and 0.65%, respectively. Among 594 asymptomatic close contactors, 9 cases (1.5%) were carriers of cysts. Of the 31 cases, 22 were found with no habit of handwashing before eating or after defecation, and 14 cases had a close contact to the patients. No amoebic cysts or trophozoites were found from 12 water samples collected from schools or patient's houses, but the Escherichia coli level exceeded the national standard in 7 samples.