Three new metabolites from the endophyte Fusarium proliferatum T2-10.

One new cyclopeptide, cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Phe-L-Phe) (1), one new 2-pyridone derivative, fusarone A (3), and one new natural indole derivative, ethyl 3-indoleacetate (4), along with six known compounds were isolated from the endophytic fungus Fusarium proliferatum T2-10. The planar structures of three new compounds were identified by spectral methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was elucidated by Marfey-MS method. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities in vitro. Compound 2 showed remarkable cytotoxic activities against two human hepatoma cell lines SMMC7721 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 5.89 ± 0.74 and 6.16 ± 0.52 µM, and showed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values of 7.81 and 15.62 µg/mL, respectively.

Chinese expert consensus on the nursing management of the totally implantable venous access device.

The totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) has been widely used in clinical nursing work in China. The use of TIVAD has significantly improved the safety of venous access and reduced the pain caused by a repeated puncture; however, it may also bring with it varying degrees of complications associated with the long-term insertion of TIVAD and the maintenance quality of the venous access. Standard maintenance of the venous access for TIVAD is very important for reducing complications and improving the efficacy and patient's quality of life. This consensus briefly describes the fundamental knowledge and operating procedures of TIVAD while focusing on the evaluation and management of perioperative nursing, the observation and treatment of complications, the operation methods, and precautions for maintenance of venous access, as well as health education. This agreement seeks to standardize the nursing care of TIVAD patients in China.

Preoperative exercise and recovery after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between preoperative exercise and recovery after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Literature comparing preoperative exercise and the control group for patients receiving cardiac surgery was retrieved in multiple databases. Review Manager 5.2 was adopted for meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis. RESULTS: Finally, 6 relevant studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. There was significant difference in length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (MD- = 1.35, 95%CI [- 2.64, - 0.06], P = 0.04; P for heterogeneity < 0.0001, I2 = 88%) and physical function after operation (P of heterogeneity = 0.32, I2 = 12%, Z = 9.92, P of over effect< 0.00001). The meta-analysis suggested that there was no significant difference in white blood cell count (WBC) at postoperative day 7 and mental health after operation between the exercise group and the control group. Limited publication bias was observed in this study. CONCLUSION: Preoperative exercise including inhaled muscle training, aerobics, resistance training and stretching could promote recovery after cardiac surgery.

Methylation mediated Gadd45ß enhanced the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the stemness of liver cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Defects of the growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45ß (Gadd45ß) play an important role in the progression of tumor and confer resistance to chemotherapy. However, the role of Gadd45ß in the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is still not clear. Purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Gadd45ß on the apoptosis of liver cancer cells, and the possible mechanism was examined. RESULT: In this study, we first confirmed the decreased expression of Gadd45ß in human liver cancer tissues and human liver cancer cell lines, when compared to the peri-tumor liver tissue and normal liver cells. And, it was found that Gadd45ß could inhibit the stemness of liver cancer cells, enhancing the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by chemotherapy. Furthermore, the results showed that HCC tissues and cell lines showed a higher methylation status in Gadd45ß promoter than that in peri-tumor tissues and normal liver cells. Methylation was then reversed by pretreatment of SMMC-7721 and Hep-3B with 5-azacytidine which is the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. And the 5-azacytidine decreased the stemness of SMMC-7721 and Hep-3B, enhanced the sensitivity of SMMC-7721 and Hep-3B to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS: Methylation mediated Gadd45ß expression inhibited the stemness of liver cancer cells, promoting the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Thus Gadd45ß may be the potential target for enhancing the chemosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Expression of WT1 Gene in Bone Marrow of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Influence on Prognosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of WT1 gene in bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with prognosis. METHODS: The copy numbers of WT1 and internal reference gene in bone marrow samples from 75 newly diagnosed AML patients were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR. The gene WT1 expression level was determined by the ratio of the copy numbers of WT1 to reference gene. And the clinical characteristics, the complete remission (CR) rate after induction chemotherapy, 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate were calculated and analysed. RESULTS: The expression level of WT1 did not significantly correlate with common clinical parameters such as age, sex, molecular abnormality, FAB classification and risk stratification. The CR rate in the high WT1 expression group before treatment was 65.4%, which was lower than that of 93.9% in the low expression group (χ2=8.25, P<0.01). The 2-year overall survival rate and event-free survival rate of the two groups were statistically significantly different (P<0.05), and the OS and EFS rates in high WT1 expression group were lower than those in low expression group. After the induction chamotheropy for about 1, 3 month and 6 months, the 2-year OS rate significantly increased in patients with decrease of WT1 gene expression level by one log or more (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression level of WT1 gene in bone marrow may be an effective marker to evaluate therapy efficacy and prognosis for AML patients (non APL).

Acrolein activates matrix metalloproteinases by increasing reactive oxygen species in macrophages.

Acrolein is a ubiquitous component of environmental pollutants such as automobile exhaust, cigarette, wood, and coal smoke. It is also a natural constituent of several foods and is generated endogenously during inflammation or oxidation of unsaturated lipids. Because increased inflammation and episodic exposure to acrolein-rich pollutants such as traffic emissions or cigarette smoke have been linked to acute myocardial infarction, we examined the effects of acrolein on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. Our studies show that exposure to acrolein resulted in the secretion of MMP-9 from differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Acrolein-treatment of macrophages also led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. ROS production was prevented by allopurinol, but not by rotenone or apocynin and by buffering changes in [Ca2+](I) with BAPTA-AM. The increase in MMP production was abolished by pre-treatment with the antioxidants Tiron and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or with the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol or oxypurinol. Finally, MMP activity was significantly stimulated in aortic sections from apoE-null mice containing advanced atherosclerotic lesions after exposure to acrolein ex vivo. These observations suggest that acrolein exposure results in MMP secretion from macrophages via a mechanism that involves an increase in [Ca2+](I), leading to xanthine oxidase activation and an increase in ROS production. ROS-dependent activation of MMPs by acrolein could destabilize atherosclerotic lesions during brief episodes of inflammation or pollutant exposure.