Economic evaluation of serplulimab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China.

OBJECTIVE: The ASTRUM-007 study confirmed the significant efficacy and safety of serplulimab plus chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced/metastatic, programmed cell death-ligand 1 positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The economics of this regimen, however, is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding serplulimab to chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced OSCC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. DESIGN: A partitioned survival model was established to simulate the costs and outcomes of chemotherapy versus serplulimab plus chemotherapy. The survival data came from the ASTRUM-007 study. Only direct medical costs were considered, and utility values were referred to the literature. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of parameter uncertainty on the model. OUTCOME MEASURES: Total costs, incremental costs, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: The base case analysis showed that the cost of serplulimab plus chemotherapy (US$69 356) was US$41 607 higher than that of chemotherapy (US$27 749), but it also gained 0.38 QALYs more (1.38 vs 1 QALYs), with an ICER of US$110 744.36/QALY, which was higher than the willingness to pay. The factors that most influenced the ICER were the price of serplulimab, weight and utility value of the progression-free survival stage. The subgroup analysis and scenario analysis also demonstrated that serplulimab plus chemotherapy was not economical. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with chemotherapy, serplulimab coupled with chemotherapy was not cost-effective for the treatment of advanced OSCC in China.

A novel three-dimensional Zn(II) coordination polymer with 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene and cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate ligands.

In the Zn(II) compound poly[[bis(µ3-cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylato)bis[µ3-1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene]trizinc(II)] hexahydrate], {[Zn3(C18H18N6)2(C9H9O6)2]·6H2O}n, based on mixed 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene and cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate ligands, there are two types of crystallographically independent Zn(II) centres, one in a general position and one on a crystallographic twofold axis. They have similar fourfold distorted tetrahedral coordination geometries, ligated by two monodentate carboxylate groups from two cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate ligands and by two N atoms from two 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene ligands. The cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate anions link the Zn(II) cations to generate a two-dimensional layered metal-organic structure running parallel to the (201) plane. Adjacent layers are further connected by tripodal 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene ligands, resulting in a three-dimensional network. The solvent water molecules are linked to the cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate ligands via water-carboxylate O-H···O hydrogen bonds.

Two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded supramolecular networks in the compounds of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (pyromellitic acid) with 2,2'-biimidazole and 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine.

Two products from the proton-transfer reactions of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (pyromellitic acid, PMA) with 2,2'-biimidazole and 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, namely 2,2'-biimidazole-3,3'-diium 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, C6H8N4(2+),C10H4O8(2-), (I), and 4-methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridinium 2,4,5-tricarboxybenzoate monohydrate, C12H13N2(+)·C10H5O8(-)·H2O, (II), have been prepared and their structures determined. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P1. The asymmetric unit of (I) is composed of two independent ion pairs. Both the 2,2'-biimidazole-3,3'-diium dication and the PMA(2-) anion are located on special positions (inversion centres). The protonated 2,2'-biimidazole-3,3'-diium ring H atoms are involved in hydrogen bonding with carboxylate O atoms to form one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain structures. Adjacent chains are further linked via carboxyl-carboxyl O-H···O hydrogen bonding, resulting in a two-dimensional supramolecular sheet with the R6(5)(34) motif extending in the (1-21) plane. In (II), classical O-H···O hydrogen-bond-linked anion-anion units are extended into a one-dimensional chain running parallel to the [100] direction, giving an R2(2)(8)R4(4)(30) motif. The chains are connected by water-carboxyl O-H···O hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional network parallel to the (011) plane. The 4-methyl-2-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridinium cations lie between the two-dimensional supramolecular layers linked via N-H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Poly[aqua-(µ2-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)(µ2-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')nickel(II)].

The title compound, [Ni(SO4)(C10H8N2)(C2H6O2)(H2O)] n , contains two crystallographically unique Ni(II) atoms, each lying on a twofold rotation axis and having a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment. It is isotypic with the previously reported Cu(II) analog [Zhong et al. (2011 ▶). Acta Cryst. C67, m62-m64]. One Ni(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two bridging 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) ligands, two O atoms from two sulfate ions and two aqua O atoms. The second Ni(II) atom is surrounded by two N atoms from 4,4'-bipy ligands and four O atoms, two from bridging sulfate ions and from two ethane-1,2-diol ligands. The sulfate anion acts as a bridging ligand, linking adjacent Ni(II) atoms, leading to the formation of linear ⋯Ni1-Ni2-Ni1-Ni2⋯ chains along the a-axis direction. Adjacent chains are further bridged by 4,4'-bipy ligands, resulting in a two-dimensional layered polymer parallel to (001). In the crystal, the polymeric layers are linked by extensive O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions involving the O atoms of the water mol-ecules and the ethane-1,2-diol mol-ecules, resulting in a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2) N,N')(sulfato-κ(2) O,O')nickel(II) propane-1,2-diol monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Ni(SO4)(C12H8N2)2]·C3H8O2, the Ni(II) atom exhibits a distorted octa-hedral coordination by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two O atoms from an O,O'-bidentate sulfate group. A twofold rotation axis passes through the Ni and S atoms and the mid-point of the hydroxyl C-C bond of the propane-1,2-diol solvent mol-ecule. The dihedral angle between the two chelating N2C2 groups is 85.61 (8)°. The [NiSO4(C10H8N2)2] and propane-1,2-diol units are held together by a pair of symmetry-related inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the uncoordinating O atoms of the sulfate ion. Due to symmetry, the solvent mol-ecule is equally disordered over two positions.

Tris(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N')iron(II) bis(2,4,5-tricarboxybenzoate) monohydrate and tris(2,2'-bipyridine-κ2N,N')iron(II) 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid-water (1/1/2).

The title compounds, tris(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2)N,N')iron(II) bis(2,4,5-tricarboxybenzoate) monohydrate, [Fe(C(12)H(8)N(2))(3)](C(10)H(5)O(8))(2)·H(2)O, (I), and tris(2,2'-bipyridine-κ(2)N,N')iron(II) 2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid-water (1/1/2), [Fe(C(10)H(8)N(2))(3)](C(10)H(4)O(8))·C(10)H(6)O(8)·2H(2)O, (II), were obtained during an attempt to synthesize a mixed-ligand complex of Fe(II) with an N-containing ligand and benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid via a solvothermal reaction. In both mononuclear complexes, each Fe(II) metal ion is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral manner by six N atoms from three chelating 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridine ligands. In compound (I), the Fe(II) atom lies on a twofold axis in the space group C2/c, whereas (II) crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/n. In both compounds, the uncoordinated carboxylate anions and water molecules are linked by typical O-H···O hydrogen bonds, generating extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bond networks which surround the cations.

Poly[diaqua-(µ(4)-2,5-dicarb-oxy-benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ato-κ(4)O(1):O(2):O(4):O(5))(µ(2)-2,5-dicarb-oxy-benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ato-κ(2)O(1):O(4))bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2)N,N')dimanganese(II)].

In the title compound, [Mn(2)(C(10)H(4)O(8))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Mn(2+) ion has a slightly distorted octa-hedral N(2)O(4) coordination geometry being coordinated by one aqua O atom, two N atoms of the chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and three carboxyl O atoms from three 2,5-dicarb-oxy-benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate (H(2)btec(2-)) ligands. The H(2)btec(2-) anion exhibits two different coordination modes, viz. µ(2) and µ(4). Both of the H(2)btec(2-) anions are located on special positions (inversion centers). The µ(4)-anion bridges adjacent Mn(II) atoms, forming a chain along the a axis. Adjacent chains are further bridged by µ(2)-anions, resulting in a two-dimensional layered polymer parallel to (011). In the crystal, extensive carb-oxy-carboxyl-ate O-H⋯O and water-carboxyl-ate O-H⋯O inter-actions lead to the formation of a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2) N,N')(sulfato-κ(2) O,O')nickel(II) butane-2,3-diol monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Ni(SO4)(C12H8N2)2]·C4H10O2, the Ni(II) ion is six-coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two O atoms from an O,O'-bidentate sulfate anion, resulting in a distorted octa-hedral geometry for the metal ion. The dihedral angle between the two chelating N2C2 groups is 83.82 (12)°. The Ni(II) ion, the S atom and the mid-point of the central C-C bond of the butane-2,3-diol solvent mol-ecule lie on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, the complex mol-ecules and solvent mol-ecules are held together by pairs of symmetry-related Odiol-H⋯Osulfate hydrogen bonds involving the uncoordinating O atoms of the sulfate ions. The solvent mol-ecule is disordered over two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.450 (9) and 0.550 (9).

Tris(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')nickel(II) bis-(2,4,5-tricarb-oxy-benzo-ate) monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Ni(C(12)H(8)N(2))(3)](C(10)H(5)O(8))(2)·H(2)O, the Ni(II) cation is coordinated by six N atoms of the three bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry. The Ni-N bond lengths range from 2.074 (2) to 2.094 (2) Å. The dihedral angles between the three chelating NCCN groups to each other are 85.71 (3), 73.75 (2) and 85.71 (3)°, respectively. The Ni cation, the phenyl ring of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and the lattice water molecule are located on special positions (site symmetry 2). In the crystal, the uncoordinated 2,4,5-tricarb-oxy-benzeno-ate anions join with each other through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded layer structure along the bc plane. The layers are further linked via additional O-H⋯O inter-actions between water and carboxyl groups, resulting in a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Diaqua-bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')cadmium sulfate hexa-hydrate.

The title compound, [Cd(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]SO(4)·6H(2)O, was obtained unexpectedly during an attempt to synthesize a cadmium complex with bidentate bridging sulfate ligands via hydro-thermal synthesis. The Cd(II) metal ion is six-coordinated by two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two water mol-ecules, resulting in a distorted octa-hedral geometry for the metal ion. The two chelating N(2)C(2) groups are almost perpendicular to each other [dihedral angle = 86.75 (2)°]. In the crystal, the [Cd(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) complex cations join with the sulfate anions through two O(water)-H⋯O(sulfate) hydrogen bonds. These ion pairs are further inter-linked into a two-dimensional supermolecular structure via additional O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')nickel(II) propane-1,3-diol solvate.

In the structure of the title compound, [Ni(SO(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·C(3)H(8)O(2), the Ni(II) ion (site symmetry 2) is six-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral manner by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two O atoms from a bidentate sulfate ligand (2 symmetry). The dihedral angle between the two chelating NCCN groups is 80.9 (1)°. The central C atom of the propane-1,3-diol solvent mol-ecule is likewise located on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal structure, the [Ni(SO(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)] and C(3)H(8)O(2) entities are connected through inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.

Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')cadmium(II) propane-1,3-diol solvate.

In the title compound, [Cd(SO(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·C(3)H(8)O(2), the Cd(II) atom has a distorted octa-hedral coordination composed of four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two O atoms from an O,O'-bidentate sulfate group. The two chelating NCCN groups subtend a dihedral angle of 82.21 (9)°. The Cd(II) ion, the S atom and the middle C atom of the propane-1,3-diol solvent mol-ecule are located on special positions, site symmetry 2. The solvate features a pair of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the uncoordinated O atoms of the sulfate ion. The OH group of the propane-1,3-diol solvent is disordered over two positions of equal occupancy.

Bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')nickel(II) ethane-1,2-diol solvate.

In the title compound, [Ni(SO(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·C(2)H(6)O(2), the coordination polyhedron around the Ni(2+) ion is a distorted octahedron, with four N atoms from two phenanthroline groups and two O atoms from a bidentate sulfate ligand. The Ni(2+) ion lies on a special position of site symmetry 2. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the structure. The OH group of the ethane-1,2-diol solvent is disordered over two positions with equal occupancy.