Downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling causes emphysema via dysfunction of alveolar type II epithelial cells.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5/8 signaling plays a crucial regulatory role in lung development and adult lung homeostasis. However, it remains elusive whether BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema. In this study, we downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by overexpressing its antagonist Noggin in adult mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2s), resulting in an emphysematous phenotype mimicking the typical pathological features of human emphysema, including distal airspace enlargement, pulmonary inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and impaired lung function. Dysregulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling in AT2s leads to inflammatory destruction dominated by macrophage infiltration, associated with reduced secretion of surfactant proteins and inhibition of AT2 proliferation and differentiation. Reactivation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by genetics or chemotherapy significantly attenuated the morphology and pathophysiology of emphysema and improved the lung function in Noggin-overexpressing lungs. We also found that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling was downregulated in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, and that enhancing its activity in AT2s prevented or even reversed emphysema in the mouse model. Our data suggest that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, located at the top of the signaling cascade that regulates lung homeostasis, represents a key molecular regulator of alveolar stem cell secretory and regenerative function, and could serve as a potential target for future prevention and treatment of pulmonary emphysema. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

High-risk human papillomavirus distribution in different cytological classification women.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is a major cause of infection-related cancer worldwide. 3101 HR-HPV-positive females were retrospectively analyzed and grouped using the cervical cytological screening (ThinPrep cytological test, TCT) evaluations combined with colposcopy. The HPV16 infection rate is the highest in all groups. HPV16 was the most frequent in each group, with significant differences between the four groups (χ2 = 23.41, P = 0.0001). The distribution of HPV16 and HPV33 correlated with the pathologic stage in each group. The mixed infection rate of mRNA testing differs significantly between groups (P < 0.01, χ2 = 17.44, P = 0.002). HR-HPV infection duration of less than six months accounted for 87.65%, 6 and 12 months of persistent infection (28.28%), and more than one year of continuous infection accounted for only 16.48%. The top three HPV types in a group with a duration of more than 12 months were HPV52 (3.03%), HPV16 (2.55%), and HPV39 (1.58%). The least clearance types were HPV39 (63.48%), 56 (69.54%), and 52 (71.44%) more than 12 months. This study revealed the region's primary pathogenic subtypes on different cervical lesions and provided the basis for diagnosing and treating HPV infection.

A Zero-Dimensional Hybrid Cadmium Perovskite with Highly Efficient Orange-Red Light Emission.

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide materials have been extensively studied due to their excellent optoelectronic performances. Herein, by using the facile wet-chemistry method, we designed one new hybrid cadmium bromide of (H3AEP)2CdBr6·2Br based on discrete octahedral [CdBr6]4- units. Remarkably, the bulk crystal of (H3AEP)2CdBr6·2Br exhibits strong broadband orange-red light emission from the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 9%. Benefiting from the highly efficient luminescent performance, this 0D cadmium perovskite can be utilized as an excellent down-conversion red phosphor to assemble a white light-emitting diode, and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 93 is realized. As far as we know, this is the first orange-red light-emitting hybrid cadmium perovskite which promotes the full-color display in this system.