Gemmobacter denitrificans sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium, isolated from pond water for Litopenaeus vannamei.

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, designated JM10B15T, was isolated from pond water for Litopenaeus vannamei collected from Jiangmen City, Guangdong province, south PR China. Cells of the strain were aerobic, rod-shaped, and motile by lateral flagella. JM10B15T could grow at 15-40 °C, pH 6.0-9.5, and in 0-3.0 % NaCl, with optimal growth at 25-35 °C, pH 7.5-8.5, and in 0 % NaCl, respectively. Furthermore, this strain grew well on Reasoner's 2A agar but not on nutrient broth agar or Luria-Bertani agar. JM10B15T was a denitrifying bacterium capable of removing nitrites and nitrates, and three key functional genes, nasA, nirS, and nosZ, were identified in its genome. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that JM10B15T belonged to the genus Gemmobacter. JM10B15T showed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Gemmobacter lutimaris YJ-T1-11T (98.8 %), followed by Gemmobacter aquatilis IFAM 1031T (98.6 %) and Gemmobacter serpentinus HB-1T (98.1 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between JM10B15T and the other type strains of genus Gemmobacter were 78.1-82.1 % and 18.4-22.1 %, respectively. The major fatty acids of strain JM10B15T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c) and C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl. In addition, the major respiratory quinone of this novel strain was Q-10, and the predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified lipids, and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Results of analyses of the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics indicated that JM10B15T represents a novel species of the genus Gemmobacter, for which the name Gemmobacter denitrificans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JM10B15T (=GDMCC 1.4148T=KCTC 8140T).

Sinomonas terricola sp. nov., a plant-beneficial bacterium isolated from litchi rhizosphere soil in Guangdong, China.

A novel plant-beneficial bacterium strain, designated as JGH33T, which inhibited Peronophythora litchii sporangia germination, was isolated on Reasoner's 2A medium from a litchi rhizosphere soil sample collected in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, PR China. Cells of strain JGH33T were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bent rods. The strain grew optimally at 30-37 °C and pH 6.0-8.0. Sequence similarity analysis based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain JGH33T exhibited highest sequence similarity to Sinomonas albida LC13T (99.2 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 69.1 mol%. The genome of JGH33T was 4.7 Mbp in size with the average nucleotide identity value of 83.45 % to the most related reference strains, which is lower than the species delineation threshold of 95 %. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization of the isolate resulted in a relatedness value of 24.9 % with its closest neighbour. The predominant respiratory quinone of JGH33T was MK-9(H2). The major fatty acids were C15 : 0 anteiso (43.4 %), C16 : 0 iso (19.1 %) and C17 : 0 anteiso (19.3 %), and the featured component was C18 : 3 ω6c (1.01 %). The polar lipid composition of strain JGH33T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, dimannosylglyceride, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy analyses data, strain JGH33T represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas terricola sp. nov. is proposed, with JGH33T (=JCM 35868T=GDMCC 1.3730T) as the type strain.

Undescribed α-pyrone-containing mycotoxins and an eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoid isolated from Aspergillus aureoterreus and their cytotoxicity.

Four previously undescribed and highly oxygenated α-pyrone-containing mycotoxins designated citreoviridins (E‒H), and an unreported eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoid namely aureoterrolide N, were isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus aureoterreus. Those isolates were inferred from extensive spectroscopic methods and theoretical computation, where their absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by coupling constants following an empirical rule for the acyclic vicinal diol, theoretical ECD calculation, and NMR computation using the GIAO method and DP4+ analysis. Among them, citreoviridins E‒H are four stereoisomers of a citreoviridin derivative, featuring a methylated α-pyrone, an oxidized polyene linker, and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Cytotoxicity assay of all isolates demonstrated that aureoterrolide N exhibited weak inhibitory effect against human cancer cell line HL-60 with an inhibition rate of 55.2% at 40.0 µM.

Marivirga aurantiaca sp. nov., a halophilic nitrite-reducing bacterium, isolated from intertidal surface sediments.

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, designated S37H4T, was isolated from an intertidal surface sediment sample collected from Zhanjiang City, Guangdong province, south PR China. Cells of the strain were aerobic, non-flagellated, long rod-shaped and motile by gliding. S37H4T could grow at 4-40 °C, pH 7.0-8.5 and in 2.0-15.0 % NaCl, with optimal growth at 25-30 °C, pH 7.5 and 9.0 % NaCl, respectively. S37H4T was capable of nitrite removal under high-salt conditions, and there were three denitrification genes, nirK, norB and nosZ, in its genome. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that S37H4T represented a member of the genus Marivirga and formed a subclade with Marivirga lumbricoides JLT2000T. S37H4T showed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity to M. lumbricoides JLT2000T (98.3 %) and less than 97.0 % similarity with other type strains of species of the genus Marivirga. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between S37H4T and the reference type strains of species of the genus Marivirga were 70.7-74.3 % and 18.2-19.2 %, respectively. The major fatty acids of S37H4T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The major respiratory quinone of this novel strain was MK-7, and the predominant polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The results of analyses of phylogenetic, genomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics indicated that S37H4T represented a novel species of the genus Marivirga, for which the name Marivirga aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S37H4T (= GDMCC 1.1866T = KACC 21922T).

Polyphasic Characterization and Genomic Insights into an Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium, Shewanella zhuhaiensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Tidal Flat Sediment.

A new, facultatively anaerobic, light-yellow, and rod-shaped bacterium designated as 3B26T isolated from Qi'ao Island's tidal flat sediment was identified. Strain 3B26T can hydrolyze gelatin, aesculin, and skim milk. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:0, referred to as summed feature 3, and C16:0; the polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phospholipid; and the quinones contained Q-7, Q-8, MK-7, and MMK7. The genomic size of strain 3B26T was 4,682,650 bp, and its genomic DNA G + C content was 54.8%. While a 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain 3B26T belongs to the genus Shewanella, both phylogenomic inference and genomic comparison revealed that strain 3B26T is distinguishable from its relatives, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 24.4-62.6% and average nucleotide identities (ANIs) of 83.5-95.6% between them were below the 70% dDDH and 96% ANI thresholds for bacterial species delineation. Genomic functional analysis demonstrated that strain 3B26T possesses complete gene clusters of eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis and denitrification. Based on the evidence above, strain 3B26T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, and the name Shewanella zhuhaiensis sp. nov. (type strain 3B26T = GDMCC 1.2057T = KCTC 82339T) is proposed.

Gimibacter soli gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil and insight into its ecological distribution and metabolic potential.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as 6D33T, was isolated from mangrove soil. Growth was found to occur at 15-32 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7) and in 0-3 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %, w/v). The results of 16S rRNA gene-based analysis showed that strain 6D33T belonged to the family Temperatibacteraceae, sharing 93.1-94.4 % identity with its close neighbours within the genus Kordiimonas. The phylogenomic results indicated that strain 6D33T formed an independent branch distinct from type strains of the genus Kordiimonas. The overall genome relatedness indices of digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and amino acid identity values showed that strain 6D33T represents a novel species of a novel genus. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of strain 6D33T were summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and iso-C15 : 0; the polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids; the only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The genomic size and DNA G+C contents were 3.59 Mbp and 60.84 mol%, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence reads abundance profiles revealed that the rare taxon is prevalent in marine environments, especially in sediments. Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of strain 6D33T revealed a heterotrophic lifestyle and many pathways responsible for the degradation of aromatic compounds, suggesting application potential in aromatic hydrocarbon removal. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 6D33T is concluded to represent a novel species of the novel genus in the family Temperatibacteraceae, for which the name Gimibacter soli gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 6D33T (=GDMCC 1.1959T=KCTC 82335T).

Sphingomonas lycopersici sp. nov., isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil.

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming rods bacterial strains, designated MMSM20T and MMSM24, were isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil and could produce indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 core genes showed that strains MMSM20T and MMSM24 belonged to the genus Sphingomonas and were most closely related to three validly published species Sphingomonas jeddahensis G39T, Sphingomonas mucosissima DSM 17494T and Sphingomonas dokdonensis DSM 21029T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strains MMSM20T and MMSM24 were 97.6 and 81.0 %, respectively, demonstrating that they were conspecific. The ANI and dDDH values between the two strains and the three type strains above were below the threshold values for species delimitation. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains MMSM20T and MMSM24 were 66.6 and 66.4 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of the two strains were identified as C14 : 0 2OH, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c); the predominant quinone was ubiquinone 10; the polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and unidentified lipids. Results of phenotypic and genotypic analyses supported that strains MMSM20T and MMSM24 represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MMSM20T (=GDMCC 1.3401T=JCM 35647T).

Identification of the hub genes associated with prostate cancer tumorigenesis.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male urogenital system; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study integrated two cohort profile datasets to elucidate the potential hub genes and mechanisms in PCa. Methods and Results: Gene expression profiles GSE55945 and GSE6919 were filtered from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (14 upregulated and 120 downregulated) in PCa. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, showing that these DEGs were mainly involved in biological functions such as cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, migration, focal adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. The STRING database and Cytoscape tools were used to analyze protein-protein interactions and identify 15 hub candidate genes. Violin plot, boxplot, and prognostic curve analyses were performed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, which identified seven hub genes, including upregulated expressed SPP1 and downregulated expressed MYLK, MYL9, MYH11, CALD1, ACTA2, and CNN1 in PCa compared with normal tissue. Correlation analysis was performed using the OmicStudio tools, which showed that these hub genes were moderately to strongly correlated with each other. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were performed to validate the hub genes, showing that the abnormal expression of the seven hub genes in PCa was consistent with the analysis results of the GEO database. Discussion: Taken together, MYLK, MYL9, MYH11, CALD1, ACTA2, SPP1, and CNN1 are hub genes significantly associated with PCa occurrence. These genes are abnormally expressed, leading to the formation, proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa cells and promoting tumor neovascularization. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with PCa.

Tsuneonella litorea sp. nov., a novel carotenoid-producing bacterium isolated from coastal sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic bacterium designated as YG55T was isolated from a coastal sediment sample. Growth was found to occur at 10-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 8) and in 0-6 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene-based analysis showed that strain YG55T was related to the members of the genus Tsuneonella and shared the highest identity of 99.4 % with Tsuneonella dongtanensis GDMCC 1.2307T, followed by Tsuneonella troitsensis JCM 17037T (98.4 %). The phylogenomic results indicated that strain YG55T formed an independent branch distinct from the reference type strains. The 22.7 and 21.8 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and 83.0 and 81.8 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain YG55T and the two relatives were below the species definition thresholds of 70 % (dDDH) and 95-96 % (ANI), indicating that the strain represents a novel genospecies. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of strain YG55T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C14 : 0 2OH and C16 : 0; the main polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid; the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The genomic size and DNA G+C contents were 3.03 Mbp and 66.98 %. The strain contained carotenoid biosynthesis genes and could produce carotenoids. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain YG55T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Tsuneonella, for which the name Tsuneonella litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YG55T (=GDMCC 1.2590 T=KCTC 82812T).

Characterization of phytopathogen-preying Hyalangium versicolor sp. nov., and proposal for the reclassification of Cystobacter gracilis as Hyalangium gracile comb. Nov.

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped with tapered end myxobacterium, designed as strain H56D21T, was isolated from forest soil sampled from the Diaoluo Mountain National Nature Reserve located in Hainan Province, PR China. It showed prey ability on two kinds of phytopathogens including both fungi (Fusarium solani, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium oxysporum) and bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and core genes  sequences revealed that strain H56D21T belonged to the genus Hyalangium and was most closely related to Cystobacter gracilis DSM 14753 T and Hyalangium minutum DSM 14724 T. Genome comparison showed 85.6% and 82.3% of average nucleotide identity between strain H56D21T and the above two type strains and 29.8% and 25.1% of digital DNA-DNA hybridization , respectively. The novel strain had a large genome size of 13.56 Mbp and a high  DNA G + C content of 67.1%. Genome annotation identified 46 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters and 187 CAZymes-encoding genes. The major fatty acids contained iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 DMA, C16:1 ω5c, and iso-C17:0. The dominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 8. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, we suggested that strain H56D21T should represent a novel species of the genus Hyalangium with a proposed name of Hyalangium versicolor sp. nov. (type strain H56D21T = GDMCC 1.1944 T = KCTC 82613 T) and Cystobacter gracilis should be reclassified as Hyalangium gracile comb. nov.

Tahibacter harae sp. nov., isolated from pig farm soil in Guangdong, PR China.

In the process of exploring the microbial diversity of pig farms, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strain, designated P2KT, was isolated from soil sample collected at a pig farm, Guangdong Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain P2KT belonged to the genus Tahibacter, with the highest sequence similarity to Tahibacter aquaticus PYM5-11T (98.6%) and Tahibacter caeni BUT-6T (98.3 %). The genome size of strain P2KT was 6.0 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 68.3 mol%. Average nucleotide identity values between strain P2KT and the type strains of the genus Tahibacter were 81.1-81.6 %. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between P2KT and these relative species were 24.5-25.6%. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminolipids, two unknown lipids and three unknown phospholipids. The major respiratory quinone of strain P2KT was ubiquinone Q-8, and the main fatty acids (>10.0 % of total fatty acids) of strain P2KT were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and summed feature 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c). Based on phenotypic and genotypic data, strain P2KT represents a novel species within the genus Tahibacter, for which the name Tahibacter harae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain P2KT (=GDMCC 1.3107T=JCM 35231T).

Status of 18F-PSMA-1007-PET/CT compared with multiparametric MRI in preoperative evaluation of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Treatment of primary prostate cancer extremely depends on preoperative stage. The role of 18F-1007-PSMA-PET/CT in preoperative staging has not been well defined. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-1007-PEMA-PET/CT, mpMRI, and mpMRI + PEMA-PET/CT in local progression and lymph node invasion of prostate cancer using histopathology as the gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, all patients with prostate cancer who underwent mpMRI and 18F-PSMA-1007-PET/CT before operation were included. The role of preoperative imaging was evaluated by predicting the sensitivity and specificity of EPE (extraprostatic extension), SVI (seminal vesicle invasion), and lymph node invasion results. RESULTS: Ultimately, 130 patients were included in this study. In the preoperative judgment of EPE and SVI, mpMRI + PSMA-PET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity. When predicting lymph node metastasis, PSMA-PET/CT was the best choice. The accuracy of mpMRI + PSMA-PET/CT and PSMA-PET/CT in the T and N stages, respectively, was affected by the least factors. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the combined results of mpMRI and 18F-1007-PSMA-PET/CT, the accuracy of the preoperative judgment of prostatic capsule invasion can be improved, which may be conducive to developing intra-fascial technology while ensuring no tumor-touch isolation. PSMA-PET/CT has the advantages over mpMRI alone in terms of lymph node positivity. Compared with PSMA-PET/CT alone, the combined results can improve the sensitivity, but reduce specificity. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on PSMA-PET/CT to decide whether lymph node dissection should be performed.

Prognostic value of genomic mutations in metastatic prostate cancer.

Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) has a poor prognosis, and new treatment strategies are currently being offered for patients in clinical practice, but mPC is still incurable. A considerable proportion of patients with mPC harbor homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations, which may be more sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). We retrospectively included genomic and clinical data from 147 patients with mPC from a single clinical center, with a total of 102 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples and 60 tissue samples. The frequency of genomic mutations was analyzed and compared with that in Western cohorts. Cox analysis was used to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and prognostic factors related to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after standard systemic therapy for mPC. The most frequently mutated gene in the HRR pathway was CDK12 (18.3%), followed by ATM (13.7%) and BRCA2 (13.0%). The remaining common ones were TP53 (31.3%), PTEN (12.2%), and PIK3CA (11.5%). The frequency of BRCA2 mutation was close to that of the SU2C-PCF cohort (13.3%), but the frequency of CDK12, ATM, and PIK3CA mutations was significantly higher than that in the SU2C-PCF cohort: 4.7%, 7.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. CDK12 mutation were less responsive to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), docetaxel, and PARPi. BRCA2 mutation helps predict PARPi efficacy. Additionally, androgen receptor (AR)-amplified patients do not respond well to ARSIs, and PTEN mutation are associated with poorer docetaxel response. These findings support the genetic profiling of patients with mPC after diagnosis to guide treatment stratification to customize personalized treatment.

Two new α-pyrone-containing polyketides isolated from the fungus Aspergillus aureoterreus.

Two undescribed α-pyrone-containing polyketide derivatives designated aurovertins V (1) and W (2), and a known analogue (3), were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus aureoterreus. Their structures including the absolute configuration were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and theoretical ECD calculation. Compound 1 is the first example of aurovertins with a 7R configuration, whereas 2 comprises a S configuration for C-6 and a Z geometry of the double bond Δ8. Both 1 and 2 showed no cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines HL-60, SU-DHL-2 and U266) at the concentration of 20.0 µM.

Hrip1 enhances tomato resistance to yellow leaf curl virus by manipulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone pathway.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes tremendous losses of tomato worldwide. An elicitor Hrip1, which produced by Alternaria tenuissima, can serve as a pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger the immune defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show that Hrip1 can be targeted to the extracellular space and significantly delayed the development of symptoms caused by TYLCV in tomato. In basis of RNA-seq profiling, we find that 1621 differential expression genes (DEGs) with the opposite expression patterns are enriched in plant response to biotic stress between Hrip1 treatment and TYLCV infection of tomato. Thirty-two known differential expression miRNAs with the opposite expression patterns are identified by small RNA sequencing and the target genes of these miRNAs are significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and peroxisome. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, 13 negative and 21 positive correlations are observed between differential expression miRNAs and DEGs. These miRNAs, which act as a key mediator of tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by Hrip1, regulate the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes. Taken together, our results provide an insight into tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by PAMP at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6.

Ideonella alba sp. nov. and Ideonella aquatica sp. nov. isolated from an aquaculture farm.

The three novel bacterial strains designated as 3Y2T, 4Y16 and 4Y11T were isolated from an aquaculture farm and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. These strains were determined to be catalase- and oxidase-positive and to hydrolyze gelatin and aesculin. The results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three strains were related to members of the genus Ideonella. The phylogenomic results further indicated that the three strains formed two independent branches distinct from reference type strains within this genus. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between the three strains and their relatives were far below the thresholds of 70 % dDDH, 95-96 % ANI and 95 % AAI for species definition, respectively, indicating that the three strains represent two novel genospecies. The results of chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the major cellular fatty acids of the three strains were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and C16 : 0; the common main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol; the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The genomic DNA G+C contents of the three strains were 70.2, 70.1 and 69.7%, respectively. On the basis of the different genotypes and distinctive phenotypes such as the phosphatidylcholine and glycolipid only in 3Y2T and the utilization of malic acid and trisodium citrate only in 4Y11T, strains 3Y2T and 4Y11T are concluded to represent two novel species of the genus Ideonella, for which the names Ideonella alba sp. nov. (type strain 3Y2T = GDMCC 1.2584T = KCTC 82813T) and Ideonella aquatica sp. nov. (type strain 4Y11T = GDMCC 1.1935T = JCM 34285T) are proposed.

Parachryseolinea silvisoli gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil, and reclassification of Chryseolinea flava as Pseudochryseolinea flava gen. nov., comb. nov.

A lemon-chiffon strain, designated QH1ED-6-2T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Qinghai Virgin Forests, Qinghai Province, PR China. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by gliding. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain QH1ED-6-2T belongs to the family Fulvivirgaceae, and has the highest similarity values of 93.6-92.0 % to Ohtaekwangia koreensis CCUG 58939T, Ohtaekwangia kribbensis CCUG 58938T, Chryseolinea flava SDU1-6T and Chryseolinea serpens DSM 24574T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids included iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. The average amino acid identity values and percentages of conserved proteins between QH1ED-6-2T and its closely related genera were 66.4-69.6 % and 58.9-64.9 %, respectively, which are interspersed in the intra-genera cutoff values. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 17.6-19.2 %. The draft genome size of strain QH1ED-6-2T was 7.98 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 51.4 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic data, genomic DNA G+C content, as well as AAI, POCP and dDDH results, strain QH1ED-6-2T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Fulvivirgaceae, for which the name Parachryseolinea silvisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QH1ED-6-2T (=GDMCC 1.2318T=JCM 35041T). We also propose the reclassification of Chryseolinea flava as Pseudochryseolinea flava gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain SDU1-6T=CGMCC 1.13492T=JCM 32520T).

Aureoterrolides B‒M: Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated from Aspergillus aureoterreus and their cytotoxicity.

Uncovered by genome sequence analyses, twelve undescribed sesquiterpenoids designated aureoterrolides B‒M, were isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Aspergillus aureoterreus together with two known analogues. They are unusual eremophilanes with an oxidized C-4, of which aureoterrolide J is an unreported furanoeremophilane comprising a 3/6/6/5/3 pentacyclic architecture with a rare 3,6-spiro ring system. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously assigned by extensive spectroscopic method and theoretical ECD calculation. All isolated compounds were evaluated their cytotoxicity, and aureoterrolides A, B, and I-K showed moderate cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines (HL-60, HepG-2, and SKOV-3) with IC50 values ranging from 4.53 ± 0.05 to 24.71 ± 0.16 µM. Among them, aureoterrolide A exhibited activity such close to the positive control and apoptotic effect on HL-60 cells at a concentration of 5.0 µM.

Ruegeria alba sp. nov., Isolated from a Tidal Flat Sediment.

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and white-colored bacterium designated as 1NDH52CT was isolated from a tidal flat sediment and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The microorganism was found to grow at 10-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.0, and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl, and to hydrolyze gelatin and aesculin. The major cellular fatty acid of strain 1NDH52CT was summed feature 8 (C19:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c); the polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an aminolipid, and a lipid; the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 1NDH52CT was closely related to members of the genus Ruegeria with the identity of 98.2% to the type strain Ruegeria pomeroyi DSM 15711T. The genome DNA G + C content of strain 1NDH52CT was 63.6%. The phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 1NDH52CT formed an independent branch distinct from reference type strains of species within this genus. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain 1NDH52CT and reference strains were, respectively, 19.1-41.5% and 78.3-91.3%, which are far below the thresholds of 70% and 95-96% for species definition, respectively, indicating that strain 1NDH52CT represents a novel genospecies of the genus Ruegeria. Based on phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 1NDH52CT is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria alba sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is 1NDH52CT (= GDMCC 1.2382T = KCTC 82664T).