RESUMO
Liver cancer presents divergent clinical behaviors. There remain opportunities for molecular markers to improve liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis, especially since tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNA) have rarely been studied. In this study, a random forests (RF) diagnostic model was built based upon tsRNA profiling of paired tumor and adjacent normal samples and validated by independent validation (IV). A LASSO model was used to developed a seven-tsRNA-based risk score signature for liver cancer prognosis. Model performance was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and Precision-Recall curve (PR curve). The five-tsRNA-based RF diagnosis model had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 88% and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) 87% in the discovery cohort and 87% and 86% in IV-AUROC and IV-AUPR, respectively. The seven-tsRNA-based prognostic model predicts the overall survival of liver cancer patients (Hazard Ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.36-3.00, P < 0.001), independent of standard clinicopathological prognostic factors. Moreover, the model successfully categorizes patients into high-low risk groups. Diagnostic and prognostic modeling can be reliably utilized in the diagnosis of liver cancer and high-low risk classification of patients based upon tsRNA characterization.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Neoplasias , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
Lung cancer remains a major threat to human health. Low dose CT scan (LDCT) has become the main method of early screening for lung cancer due to the low sensitivity of chest X-ray. However, LDCT not only has a high false positive rate, but also entails risks of overdiagnosis and cumulative radiation exposure. In addition, cumulative radiation by LDCT screening and subsequent follow-up can increase the risk of lung cancer. Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain stable in blood, and profiling of blood has the advantages of being noninvasive, readily accessible and inexpensive. Serum or plasma assay of lncRNAs in blood can be used as a novel detection method to assist LDCT while improving the accuracy of early lung cancer screening. LncRNAs can participate in the regulation of various biological processes. A large number of researches have reported that lncRNAs are key regulators involved in the progression of human cancers through multiple action models. Especially, some lncRNAs can affect various hallmarks of lung cancer. In addition to their diagnostic value, lncRNAs also possess promising potential in other clinical applications toward lung cancer. LncRNAs can be used as predictive markers for chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, and as well markers of prognosis. Different lncRNAs have been implicated to regulate chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, and sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy through diverse mechanisms. Although many challenges need to be addressed in the future, lncRNAs have bright prospects as an adjunct to radiographic methods in the clinical management of lung cancer.