Chemical composition and in vitro iron bioavailability of extruded and open-pan cooked germinated and ungerminated pearl whole millet "Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br."

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extrusion and of open-pan cooking on whole germinated and non-germinated grains of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.), on its chemical-nutritional composition and in vitro iron bioavailability. The experimental design consisted of three flours: non-germination open-pan cooked millet flour (NGOPCMF), germination open-pan cooked millet flour (GOPCMF), and extrusion cooked millet flour (ECMF). The ECMF increased the carbohydrates, iron, manganese, diosmin, and cyanidin and decreased the total dietary fiber, resistant starch, lipids, and total vitamin E, in relation to NGOPCMF. The GOPCMF increased the lysine and vitamin C and decreased the phytate, lipids, total phenolic, total vitamin E, and riboflavin concentration, in relation to NGOPCMF. Furthermore, germinated cooked millet flour and extruded millet flour improved iron availability in vitro compared to non-germinated cooked millet flour. GOPCMF and ECMF generally preserved the chemical-nutritional composition of pearl millet and improved in vitro iron bioavailability; therefore, they are nutritionally equivalent and can be used to develop pearl millet-based products.

Temporomandibular joint disorders in skeletal class II patients referred to orthognathic surgery: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in subjects with skeletal class II dentofacial deformity referred for orthognathic surgery, as well as to elucidate its association with sociodemographic and psychosocial features. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The sample comprised class II skeletal patients referred to an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery center in the Brazilian Northeast. RESULTS: Seventy-three subjects were enrolled and completed the data collection, which consisted of a physical examination according to Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and facial analysis. Women represented 82.2% of the sample. Among the assessed subjects, 68.5% were already undergoing orthodontic treatment, and the mean overjet of patients was 6.97 mm. The prevalence of TMD in this sample was 46.6%, with muscular disorders being the most common. Patients with an anteroposterior discrepancy greater than 7 mm showed a higher occurrence of TMD (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of TMD in skeletal class II patients referred for orthognathic surgery, especially in those with a pronounced overjet, being Group I (muscular disorders) and Group III (degenerative disorders) the most prevalent.

Natural and Synthetic Coumarins as Potential Drug Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2/CoViD-19.

COVID-19, an airborne disease caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-- CoV-2, was officially declared a pandemic in early 2020, resulting in more than 770 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths by September 2023. Although the introduction of vaccines in late 2020 helped reduce the number of deaths, the global effort to fight COVID-19 is far from over. While significant progress has been made in a short period, the fight against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and other potential pandemic threats continues. Like AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics, controlling the spread of COVID-19 will require the development of multiple drugs to weaken the virus's resistance to different drug treatments. Therefore, it is essential to continue developing new drug candidates derived from natural or synthetic small molecules. Coumarins are a promising drug design and development scaffold due to their synthetic versatility and unique physicochemical properties. Numerous examples reported in scientific literature, mainly by in silico prospection, demonstrate their potential contribution to the rapid development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and other emergent and reemergent viruses.

Recovery and partial purification of fibrinolytic protease from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii and cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of their extracts.

Mushrooms are a source of primary and secondary metabolites. Little is known about the most suitable conditions for production of mushrooms by submerged fermentation. This article reports antioxidant and cytotoxic assays, in addition to quantitatively evaluating the content of proteases with fibrinolytic action in the crude extracts of two species of edible mushrooms produced in different formulations, as well as evaluating the recovery of these enzymes by aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii, at concentration of 100 µg/mL, displayed inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals below 50%. In the cytotoxicity test, the cells human fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5) showed cell viability greater than 80%. Concerning fibrinolytic activity, P. eryngii presented 226.47 ± 7.26 U/mL, therefore being more efficient than P. ostreatus (71.5 ± 0.56 U/mL). In the recovery of the P. eryngii extract by ATPS, the fibrinolytic protease was partitioned in the salt phase (30.25 U/mL). The molecular mass of the proteases was between 75 and 100 kDa. These results prove the low cytotoxicity of the extracts produced and that fermentation in supplemented malt broth favored the excretion of fibrinolytic proteases compared to the other evaluated media.

Chemical composition, minerals concentration, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity in organic and conventional vegetables.

The demand for organic vegetables is increasing worldwide, which has led to the growth of organic agriculture. However, information on chemical composition and antioxidant activity in vegetables grown organically under controlled conditions remains uncertain. For this study, 3 vegetables widely consumed in Brazil were cultivated in controlled organic and conventional cultivation systems: lettuce, coriander and tomato. Their chemical composition, mineral concentration, phenolic compound content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. The analyses of chemical and mineral composition revealed differences between the cultivation systems. Organic lettuce presented higher content of ashes, calcium and potassium. A higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was observed in most organic vegetables. Using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the organic tomato exhibited higher AA compared to conventional, while the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method showed higher AA for organic coriander and tomato than theirs conventional version. The correlation between bioactive compounds and AA was positive, higher and stronger for organic vegetables, considering phenolic compounds (including flavonoids) and DPPH or FRAP antioxidant activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) disclosed that organic lettuce and coriander were grouped according bioactive components. In general, organic vegetables showed better results for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

A bioactive compound digested chia protein is capable of modulating NFκB mediated hepatic inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet.

The consumption of diets high in saturated fat can induce damages in liver morphology and function, which leads to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is rich in protein, which provides bioactive peptides with potential benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Then, this study aimed to analyze the effect of digested total protein (DTP) of chia on inflammation, oxidative stress, and morphological changes in liver of C57BL/6 mice fed a diet rich in saturated fat. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 8/group), 8 weeks old, were fed standard diet (AIN), high-fat diet (HF), standard diet added digested protein (AIN + DTP) or high-fat diet added digested protein (HF + DTP) for 8 weeks. In animals fed a high-fat diet, chia DTP was able to reduce weight gain, food efficiency ratio and hepatosomatic index. In addition, it presented antioxidant capacity, which reduced catalase activity and lipid peroxidation. DTP was also able to reduce hepatic inflammation by reducing p65-NFκB expression and IL-1ß expression and quantification. The APSPPVLGPP peptide present in chia DTP presented binding capacity with PPAR-α, which contributed to the reduction of hepatic fat accumulation evidenced by histological analysis. Thus, chia DTP improved hepatic inflammatory and histological parameters, being an effective food in reducing the liver damage caused by a high-fat diet.

Effect of Unna's boot on venous ulcer healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Efecto de la bota de Unna en la cicatrización de úlceras venosas: revisión sistemática y metanálisis / Efeito da Bota de Unna na cicatrização de úlceras venosas: revisão sistemática e metanálise

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effect of Unna's Boot on the healing of venous ulcers compared to other therapies. Methods: Systematic Review carried out in the databases Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, and grey literature. Population - adult patients with venous ulcers; Intervention- Unna's Boot (UB); Control - other compression therapies (CT); Outcome- healing; Designs- randomized clinical trial, cohort study, and case control, published from 2001 to 2024. The effect of the intervention, risk of bias, and quality of evidence were evaluated. Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021290077). Results: A total of 39 studies were included, with 5.151 patients. The majority (71.8%) were randomized controlled trials (RCT). UB was used as intervention/control in eight studies. When comparing CTs, only 1 study with UB showed a superior effect (p < .001) in healing, compared with high compression elastic bandage. In the quality of evidence analysis, 27 studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. Conclusion: No superiority of UB was found in the healing of venous ulcers when compared to other CTs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la Bota de Unna en la cicatrización de úlceras venosas en comparación con otras terapias. Métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos Scopus, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web de la Ciencia, PubMed, Índice acumulativo de literatura de enfermería y salud afines, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, y literatura gris. Población - pacientes adultos con úlceras venosas; Intervención- Bota de Unna (BU); Control: otras terapias de compresión (TC); Resultado- curación; Diseños: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, estudio de cohorte y casos y controles, publicado del 2002 al 2023. Se evaluaron el efecto de la intervención, el riesgo de sesgo y la calidad de la evidencia. Registrada en PRÓSPERO (CRD42021290077). Resultados: Se incluyeron 39 estudios, con 5.151 pacientes. La mayoría (71,8%) fueron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA). La BU se utilizó como intervención/control en ocho estudios. Al comparar TC, sólo 1 estudio con BU mostró un efecto superior (p < .001) en la curación, en comparación con el vendaje elástico de alta compresión. En el análisis de la calidad de la evidencia, se evaluó que 27 estudios tenían un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión: No se encontró superioridad de la BU en la curación de úlceras venosas en comparación con otras TC.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da Bota de Unna na cicatrização de úlceras venosas em comparação com outras terapias. Métodos: Revisão Sistemática realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, e de literatura cinzenta. População- pacientes adultos com úlcera venosa; Intervenção- Bota de Unna (BU); Controle- outras terapias compressivas (TC); Desfecho- cicatrização; Delineamentos- ensaio clínico randomizado, estudo de coorte e caso controle, publicados de 2002 a 2023. Avaliaramu-se efeito da intervenção, risco de viés e qualidade da evidência. Registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42021290077). Resultados: Foram incluídos 39 estudos, com 5.151 pacientes. A maioria (71,8%) era ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR). A BU foi utilizada como intervenção/controle em oito estudos. Na comparação entre TC, somente 1 estudo com BU apresentou efeito superior (p < .001) na cicatrização, comparado com atadura elástica de alta compressão. Na análise de qualidade da evidência, 27 estudos foram avaliados com alto risco de viés. Conclusão: Não foi encontrada superioridade da BU na cicatrização de úlceras venosas quando comparada com outras TC.

A 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Zileuton, Modulates Host Immune Responses and Improves Lung Function in a Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Induced by Betacoronavirus.

Exacerbated inflammatory responses are a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Zileuton (Zi) is a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the production of several inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators. Herein, we investigated the effect of Zi treatment in a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) model. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)3-infected mice treated with Zi significantly improved the clinical score, weight loss, cardiopulmonary function, and survival rates compared with infected untreated animals. The protection observed in Zi-treated mice was associated with a lower inflammatory score, reduced dendritic cell-producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increased neutrophil-producing interleukin (IL)-10 in the lungs three days after infection (dpi). At 5 dpi, the lungs of treated mice showed an increase in Th2-, Treg CD4+-, and Treg CD8+-producing IL-10 and reduced Th1 infiltrating cells. Furthermore, similar results were found upon Zi treatment after SARS-CoV-2 infection in transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor driven by the cytokeratin-18 (K18) gene promoter (K18-hACE2), significantly improving the clinical score, weight loss, and lung inflammatory score compared with untreated animals. Our data suggest that Zi protects against developing severe lung disease during SARS induced by betacoronavirus without affecting the host's capacity to deal with infection.

Dry heat whole Sorghum BRS 305 flour modulate satiety and improves antioxidant response in brain of Wistar rats fed with high-fat high-fructose diet.

Sorghum BRS 305 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a cereal with high tannins and anthocyanins content and keep better the resistant starch when submitted to dry heat treatment. Our objective was to investigate the effects of BRS 305 dry heat treatment whole sorghum flour on satiety and antioxidant response in brain and adipose tissue of Wistar rats fed with a high fat high fructose diet (HFHF). Male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control (n = 8) and HFHF (n = 16) for eight weeks. After, animals of HFHF group were divided: HFHF (n = 8) and HFHF + BRS 305 sorghum whole flour (n = 8), for 10 weeks. Sorghum consumption reduced gene expression of leptin, resistin, and endocannabinoid receptor 1 type (CB1) in adipose and brain tissues compared to HFHF group. In brain, sorghum consumption also promotes reduction in neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression. BRS305 sorghum consumption improved gene expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in adipose tissue, and in the brain increased heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), erythroid-derived nuclear factor 2 (NRF2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity compared to HFHF. In silicoanalysis showed interaction with PPARα, CB1, and leptin receptors. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) concentrations in group HFHF + sorghum did not differ from HFHF group. Advanced glycation end products receptors (RAGEs) concentrations did not differ among experimental groups. Then, BRS 305 sorghum submitted to dry treatment was able to modulate gene expression of markers related to satiety and improve antioxidant capacity of rats fed with HFHF diet.

Chia Phenolic Extract Appear to Improve Small Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, Bacterial Populations, and Inflammation Biomarkers In Vivo (Gallus gallus).

Phenolic compounds can act as a substrate for colonic resident microbiota. Once the metabolites are absorbed and distributed throughout the body, they can have diverse effects on the gut. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the intra-amniotic administration of a chia phenolic extract on intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier, brush border membrane functionality, intestinal microbiota, and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus model). Cornish-cross fertile broiler eggs, at 17 days of embryonic incubation, were separated into groups as follows: non-injected (NI; this group did not receive an injection); 18 MΩ H2O (H2O; injected with ultrapure water), and 10 mg/mL (1%) chia phenolic extract (CPE; injected with phenolic extract diluted in ultrapure water). Immediately after hatch (21 days), chickens were euthanized and their small intestine, cecum, and cecum content were collected and analyzed. The chia phenolic extract reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and increased the sucrose isomaltase (SI) gene expression, reduced the Bifidobacterium and E. coli populations, reduced the Paneth cell diameter, increased depth crypt, and maintained villus height compared to the non-injected control group. Chia phenolic extract may be a promising beneficial compound for improving intestinal health, demonstrating positive changes in intestinal inflammation, functionality, microbiota, and morphology.

Tempo de tratamento ortodôntico com aparelhos autoligados: revisão de literatura

Introdução: Atualmente, braquetes autoligados têm sido sugeridos para reduzir o tempo de tratamento na Ortodontia. Objetivo: Dessa maneira, o presente estudo objetivou revisar a literatura acerca do tempo de tratamento com esses braquetes, em comparação com outros braquetes e tratamentos sugeridos. Revisão de literatura: Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter descritivo, que compreendeu o levantamento de referencial teórico na base de dados eletrônica Medline ­ PubMed. A seleção de artigos foi feita a partir dos títulos e resumos e a revisão compreendeu 4 artigos publicados na língua inglesa no período de 2019 a 2023. Conclusão: Há uma escassez de estudos clínicos envolvendo essa temática e o tratamento ortodôntico com aparelhos autoligados parece apresentar menor tempo de tratamento em comparação com aparelhos fixos tradicionais. No entanto, os estudos não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na redução desse tempo. Pode-se sugerir que mais estudos clínicos sejam conduzidos no intuito de elucidar essa questão.

Introduction: Currently, self-ligating brackets have been suggested to reduce treatment time in Orthodontics. Objective: Therefore, the present study aimed to review the literature about the treatment time with these brackets, in comparison with other brackets and suggested treatments. Literature review: Descriptive bibliographical research was carried out, which included the survey of theoretical references in the electronic database Medline ­ PubMed. The selection of articles was made based on titles and abstracts and the review comprised 4 articles published in the English language from 2019 to 2023. Conclusion: there is a shortage of clinical studies involving this topic and orthodontic treatment with self-ligating appliances seems to present shorter treatment time compared to traditional fixed appliances. However, the studies did not show statistically significant differences in reducing this time. It can be suggested that more clinical studies be conducted to elucidate this issue.

Cognition and obesity in adults with epilepsy.

Introduction: Objective: to assess the occurrence of overweight/obesity in patient with epilepsy (PWEs) and to relate it to cognitive aspects and clinical variables. Methodology: the measurements of waist circumference, calf circumference, arm circumference, and the body mass index were related to the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu, as well as to the clinical variables of 164 PWEs, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Data were compared to a similar control group (CG) comprising 71 cases. Linear and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess factors related to cognitive aspects. Results: the mean age of the PWEs was 49.8 ± 16.6 years with a mean length of epilepsy of 22 ± 15.9 years. Overweight/obesity occurred in 106 (64.6 %) PWEs and in 42 (59.1 %) CG subjects. The PWEs had a worse performance in several cognitive functions when compared to CG subjects. In the PWEs, overweight/obesity was associated with lower educational level, older age, and cognitive impairment. Greater waist circumference, overweight, age at the first seizure, and use of polytherapy with antiseizure medications were predictive factors of memory impairment in multiple linear regression. Greater arm and calf circumference values were associated with better performance in several cognitive areas. Conclusion: the occurrence of overweight/obesity in PWEs and CG subjects was high. Cognitive impairment occurred in a high number of PWEs and was associated with overweight, greater waist circumference values, and clinical aspects of epilepsy. Better cognitive performance was associated with greater arm and calf circumference.

Introducción: Objetivo: evaluar la ocurrencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en pacientes con epilepsia y relacionarla con aspectos cognitivos y variables clínicas. Metodología: las medidas de circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de pantorrilla, circunferencia de brazo e índice de masa corporal se relacionaron con los puntajes del Mini-Mental State Exam y de la Batería Cognitiva Breve-Edu, así como con las variables clínicas de 164 pacientes con epilepsia, con un nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Los datos se compararon con un grupo de control similar (GC) compuesto por 71 casos. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística lineal y múltiple para evaluar factores relacionados con aspectos cognitivos. Resultados: la edad media de las pacientes con epilepsia fue de 49,8 ± 16,6 años con una duración media de la epilepsia de 22 ± 15,9 años. Presentaron sobrepeso/obesidad 106 (64,6 %) pacientes con epilepsia y 42 (59,1 %) sujetos del GC. Los pacientes con epilepsia tuvieron un peor desempeño en varias funciones cognitivas en comparación con los sujetos del GC. En las pacientes con epilepsia, el sobrepeso/obesidad se asoció con menor nivel educativo, mayor edad y deterioro cognitivo. La mayor circunferencia de la cintura, el sobrepeso, la edad de la primera convulsión y el uso de politerapia con medicamentos anticonvulsivos fueron factores predictivos del deterioro de la memoria en la regresión lineal múltiple. Los valores mayores de circunferencia del brazo y la pantorrilla se asociaron con un mejor rendimiento en varias áreas cognitivas. Conclusión: la incidencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en sujetos pacientes con epilepsia y GC fue alta. El deterioro cognitivo ocurrió en un alto número de pacientes con epilepsia y se asoció con sobrepeso, mayores valores de circunferencia de la cintura y aspectos clínicos de la epilepsia. Un mejor rendimiento cognitivo se asoció con una mayor circunferencia del brazo y la pantorrilla.

Microenvironment-Driven Dynamic Chromatin Changes in Glioblastoma Recapitulate Early Neural Development at Single-Cell Resolution.

The tumor microenvironment is necessary for recapitulating the intratumoral heterogeneity and cell state plasticity found in human primary glioblastoma (GBM). Conventional models do not accurately recapitulate the spectrum of GBM cellular states, hindering elucidation of the underlying transcriptional regulation of these states. Using our glioblastoma cerebral organoid model, we profiled the chromatin accessibility of 28,040 single cells in five patient-derived glioma stem cell lines. Integration of paired epigenomes and transcriptomes within the context of tumor-normal host cell interactions was used to probe the gene-regulatory networks underlying individual GBM cellular states in a way not readily possible in other in vitro models. These analyses identified the epigenetic underpinnings of GBM cellular states and characterized dynamic chromatin changes reminiscent of early neural development that underlie GBM cell state transitions. Despite large differences between tumors, a shared cellular compartment made up of neural progenitor-like cells and outer radial glia-like cells was observed. Together, these results shed light on the transcriptional regulation program in GBM and offer novel therapeutic targets across a broad range of genetically heterogenous GBMs. SIGNIFICANCE: Single-cell analyses elucidate the chromatin landscape and transcriptional regulation of glioblastoma cellular states and identify a radial glia-like population, providing potential targets to disrupt cell states and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Polymorphisms in risk genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus could be also markers of susceptibility to periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms in genes considered molecular biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess whether they are associated with periodontitis, and relating them to the periodontal status, glycemic and lipid profile of the subjects. DESIGN: We investigated individuals who underwent complete periodontal examination and biochemical evaluation. We categorized them into three groups: (i) periodontitis with T2DM (Periodontitis+T2DM group, n = 206); (ii) periodontitis without T2DM (Periodontitis group, n = 346); and (iii) healthy individuals without Periodontitis or T2DM (Healthy group, n = 345). We investigated three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AGER, RBMS1 and VEGFA genes. We applied multivariate logistic and multiple linear regression models for all groups and stratified the subjects by sex and smoking habits. RESULTS: Compared with RBMS1-rs7593730-CC+CT genotype carriers, RBMS1-rs7593730-TT carriers were more susceptible to periodontitis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-5.01; P-value = 0.033]. Among AGER-rs184003-CC carriers, never smokers had reduced risks of periodontitis and Periodontitis+T2DM than ever smokers. For either RBMS1-rs7593730-CC or VEGFA-rs9472138-CC carriers, never smokers had less susceptibility to develop periodontitis than ever smokers. Compared with AGER-rs184003-CC carriers, AGER-rs184003-AA carriers presented fewer remaining teeth. VEGFA-rs9472138-TT carriers showed a lower percentage of sites with characteristics of active periodontal disease (bleeding on pocket probing and interproximal clinical attachment level) compared with VEGFA-rs9472138-CC carriers. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, AGER rs184003, RBMS1 rs7593730, and VEGFA rs9472138, which are considered genetic markers for T2DM, were associated with periodontitis without T2DM or periodontitis together with T2DM.

Analysis of the "Diagnostic Reasoning" Concept in Nursing / Análisis del concepto "razonamiento diagnóstico" en enfermería / Análise do conceito "raciocínio diagnóstico" em enfermagem

Objective: To develop an operational definition of the "diagnostic reasoning" concept in nursing. Materials and methods: This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant's model. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying the contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 20 studies was selected, identifying the following attributes: specialized thinking, cognitive skills, existing knowledge, intellectual competence; hypothesis-oriented reasoning; precedents: clinical assessment, practical experience, data interpretations, intuition, diagnostic judgment, information processing, clinical reasoning; consequences: improvement of nursing care, communication, planning interventions, addressing the identified problem, achieving effective results, autonomous actions, and quality of patient records. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the operational definition of the diagnostic reasoning concept in nursing by identifying the core attributes, precedents, and consequences.

Objetivo: desarrollar una definición operativa del concepto "razonamiento diagnóstico" en enfermería. Materiales y método: se trata de un análisis de concepto según el modelo de Walker y Avant. Se siguieron todos los pasos del referencial: selecciones del concepto; determinación de los objetivos y las propuestas para el análisis conceptual; identificación de los posibles usos del concepto; determinación de los atributos definidores; identificación de un caso modelo; identificación del caso contrarios; identificación de los antecedentes y consecuentes del concepto. Resultados: se seleccionó una muestra de 20 estudios, en los que se identificaron los atributos: pensamiento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conocimiento existente, competencia intelectual; razonamiento orientado para la hipótesis; antecedentes: evaluación clínica, experiencia práctica, interpretaciones de los datos, intuición, juicio diagnóstico, procesamiento de informaciones, razonamiento clínico; consecuentes: avance de los cuidados de enfermaría, comunicación, planeación de intervenciones, actuar sobre el problema identificado, alcance de resultados eficaces, acciones autónomas, calidad de la documentación del paciente. Conclusiones: el estudio aporta con la comprensión de la definición operativa del concepto "razonamiento diagnóstico" en enfermaría por medio de la identificación de los atributos esenciales, de los antecedentes y los consecuentes.

Objetivo: desenvolver uma definição operacional do conceito "raciocínio diagnóstico" em enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de uma análise de conceito segundo o modelo de Walker e Avant. Foram seguidos todos os passos do referencial: seleção do conceito; determinação dos objetivos e das propostas para a análise conceitual; identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito; determinação dos atributos definidores; identificação de um caso modelo; identificação do caso contrários; identificação dos antecedentes e dos consequentes do conceito. Resultados: selecionou-se uma amostra de 20 estudos, nos quais foram identificados os atributos: pensamento especializado, habilidades cognitivas, conhecimento existente, competência intelectual; raciocínio orientado para a hipótese; antecedentes: avaliação clínica, experiência prática, interpretações dos dados, intuição, julgamento diagnóstico, processamento de informações, raciocínio clínico; consequentes: avanço dos cuidados de enfermagem, comunicação, planejamento de intervenções, agir sobre o problema identificado, alcance de resultados eficazes, ações autônomas, qualidade da documentação do paciente. Conclusões: o estudo contribui com a compreensão da definição operacional do conceito de raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem por meio da identificação dos atributos essenciais, dos antecedentes e dos consequentes.

Neoadjuvant Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients.

Improving the chances of curing patients with cancer who have had surgery to remove metastatic sites of disease is a priority area for cancer research. Pexa-Vec (Pexastimogene Devacirepvec; JX-594, TG6006) is a principally immunotherapeutic oncolytic virus that has reached late-phase clinical trials. We report the results of a single-center, nonrandomized biological end point study (trial registration: EudraCT number 2012-000704-15), which builds on the success of the presurgical intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses to tumors. Nine patients with either colorectal cancer liver metastases or metastatic melanoma were treated with a single intravenous infusion of Pexa-Vec ahead of planned surgical resection of the metastases. Grade 3 and 4 Pexa-Vec-associated side effects were lymphopaenia and neutropaenia. Pexa-Vec was peripherally carried in plasma and was not associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Upon surgical resection, Pexa-Vec was found in the majority of analyzed tumors. Pexa-Vec therapy associated with IFNα secretion, chemokine induction, and resulted in transient innate and long-lived adaptive anticancer immunity. In the 2 patients with significant and complete tumor necrosis, a reduction in the peripheral T-cell receptor diversity was observed at the time of surgery. These results support the development of presurgical oncolytic vaccinia virus-based therapies to stimulate anticancer immunity and increase the chances to cure patients with cancer.

Physiological maturity and wound-based orchard practices influence the antioxidant content and metabolic activity of two species of açai fruit at harvest and during storage.

Pre-harvest treatments like wound-based orchard management practices and early harvest were applied to açai plants (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Euterpe precatoria Mart.) to yield higher levels of antioxidants. Orchard practices like 50% shoot suppression and 50% cluster thinning when applied 87 d before harvest (187 days DAA) were similar to control fruits at harvest and during storage (20 °C). However, lesions in the stipe applied 187 DAA altered the acid, carbohydrate, phenolic content and the ethylene biosynthesis compared to control fruits, showing enhanced fruit antioxidant activity. Early harvest of fruit including 120 and 150 DAA, showed higher acid, lower sugars, higher phenolic content and higher ethylene biosynthesis and respiration rate compared to control fruits, showing the highest levels of fruit antioxidant activity. The selected strategies studied may achieve higher yields of phenolic antioxdants from açai fruit and target high value health markets including functional foods and dietary supplements.

Sorghum, germinated millet and chia cookies: development, chemical composition and sensory analysis

The objective of this work was to develop cookies using sorghum, germinated millet and chia flours. Four formulations (F) were used: F-sorghum (100% sorghum flour); F-Sorghum + chia (50% sorghum flour and 50% chia flour), F-millet (100% millet flour) and F-millet + chia (50% millet flour and 50% chia flour). The germinated millet flour was submitted to microbiological analysis. All cookies were evaluated in relation to chemical and sensory analyses, according to AOAC and hedonic nine-point scale, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by the variance analysis and Tukey test at 5% probability. The F-millet formulation showed the least humidity content (4.59 ± 0.25g/100g), while chia containing cookies showed lesser concentrations of carbohydrates (F-sorghum + chia: 44.35 ± 4.34g/100g and F-millet + chia: 41.03 ± 1.40g/100g) and higher ash content (F-sorghum + chia: 3.80 ± 0.02g/100g and F-millet + chia: 3.42 ± 0.24g/100g) and of protein (F-sorghum + chia: 15.38 ± 0.44 g/100g and F-millet + chia: 18.06 ± 0.53 g/100g). The caloric value and the lipids content did not differ among formulations. The sensory analysis had 57 evaluators. The cookies produced with chia and germinated millet had higher rates for flavor, texture and general impression. In general, all tested biscuits had good sensory acceptance and nutritional quality being an alternative to increase the consumption of bioactive compounds and antioxidants(AU)

El objetivo fue desarrollar galletas utilizando harina de sorgo, mijo germinado y chía. Se utilizaron cuatro formulaciones (F): F-sorgo (100% harina de sorgo); Sorgo F + chía (50% harina de sorgo y 50% harina de chía), mijo F (100% harina de mijo) y mijo F + chía (50% harina de mijo y 50% harina de chía). La harina de mijo germinada se sometió a análisis microbiológico. Las galletas fueron sometidas a análisis químico y sensorial, según la AOAC y una escala hedónica de nueve puntos, respectivamente. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. La formulación F-mijo tuvo menor contenido de humedad (4,59 ± 0,25 g/100g), mientras que las galletas que contenían chía tuvieron concentraciones más bajas de carbohidratos (F-sorgo + chía: 44,35 ± 4,34 g/100g y F-mijo + chía: 41,03 ± 1,40 g / 100g), mayor contenido de cenizas (F-sorgo + chía: 3,80 ± 0,02 g/100g y F-mijo + chía: 3,42 ± 0,24 g/100g) y proteínas (F-sorgo + chía: 15,38 ± 0,44 g/100g y F mijo + chía: 18,06 ± 0,53 g/100g). El valor calórico y el contenido de lípidos no difirieron entre las formulaciones. El análisis sensorial contó con 57 evaluadores. Las galletas producidas con chía y mijo germinado tenían notas más altas de sabor, textura e impresión general. Las galletas testadas tuvieron buena aceptación sensorial y calidad nutricional, siendo una alternativa para incrementar el consumo de compuestos bioactivos y antioxidantes(AU)

Optic nerve activity promotes the growth of optic pathway gliomas: Shedding light on the glioma microenvironment.

In a recent issue of Nature, Pan and colleagues explore whether light-induced stimulation of the optic nerve could influence the biology of optic gliomas. This study highlights the importance of neuronal-glioma interactions.

Cardioprotective action of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in ovariectomized rats fed a high fat diet.

The reduction in estrogen levels is associated with the increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chia consumption in a standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) on ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (SHAM) rats, in relation to biometric measurements, oxidative stress, mineral content and ATPase enzymes in the heart. The study was conducted with 80 female Wistar rats, which received a SD or HFD for 18 weeks. During the first 7 weeks, the animals received the SD or HFD. Then, 40 rats were ovariectomized and 40 rats were SHAM operated. After recovery from surgery, the animals were allocated to 8 groups (n = 10) and they received one of the following diets for 8 weeks: SD, SD + chia, HFD and HFD + chia. In the OVX group, HFD increased weight gain, adiposity, cardiac hypertrophy, and nitric oxide (NO) and K concentration and decreased the Na+/K+ATPase activity. In combination with HFD, ovariectomy decreased the catalase activity, Mg, Cu and Zn concentration, total ATPase activity, and Na+/K+ATPase and Mg2 + ATPase activities; this group also presented higher NO, Ca, K, Fe and Mn concentration in the heart. The SHAM group fed chia presented a lower fat content in the heart. In the OVX group fed HFD, chia increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, decreased NO and maintained the content of minerals and ATPase enzymes. Thus, chia improved the biometric parameters of the heart, the antioxidant activity and maintained the content of minerals and ATPase enzymes, showing a cardioprotective action, but without reversing the deleterious effects of ovariectomy.