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1.
BMJ Open ; 11(2): e045015, 2021 02 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33608406

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of the first lockdown in the Netherlands' measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the number and type of trauma-related injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED). DESIGN: A single-centre retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A level 2 trauma centre in Breda, The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: All patients with trauma seen at the ED between 11 March and 10 May 2020 (the first Dutch lockdown period) were included in this study. Comparable groups were generated for 2019 and 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were the total number of patients with trauma admitted to the ED and the trauma mechanism. Secondary outcomes were triage categories, time of ED visit, trauma severity (Injury Severity Score (ISS) >12), anatomical region of injury and treatment. RESULTS: A total of 4674 patients were included in this study. During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease of 32% in traumatic injuries at the ED (n=1182) compared with the previous years 2019 (n=1717) and 2018 (n=1775) (p<0.001). Sports-related injuries decreased most during the lockdown (n=164) compared with 2019 (n=386) and 2018 (n=367) (p<0.001). We observed more frequent injuries due to a fall from standing height (p<0.001) and work-related injuries (p<0.05). The mean age was significantly higher (mean 48 years vs 42 and 43 years). There was no difference in anatomical place of injury or ISS >12. The amount of patients admitted for emergency surgery was significantly higher (14.6% vs 9.4%; 8.6%, p<0.001). Seven patients (0.6%) tested positive for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Measures taken in the COVID-19 outbreak result in a predictable decrease in the total number of patients with trauma, especially sports-related trauma. Although the trauma burden on the emergency room appears to be lower, more people have been admitted for trauma surgery, possibly due to increased throughput in the operating theatres.


Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Pandemias , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Isolamento Social , Centros de Traumatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Clin Interv Aging ; 15: 2383-2395, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33376314

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In elderly patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), there is little scientific understanding of the long-term changes of quality of life (QoL) and health status (HS) after treatment. The primary goal of this study was to provide long-term QoL and HS results for elderly CLTI patients after therapy. Treatments consisted of endovascular revascularization, surgical revascularization, or conservative treatment. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to identify the distinctive trajectories of QoL and HS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CLTI patients aged ≥70 years were included in a prospective observational cohort study with a two-year follow-up. The WHOQOL-BREF was used to asses QoL. The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to measure HS. The QoL and HS scores were compared to the scores in the general elderly Dutch population. Latent class trajectory analysis was used. RESULTS: A total of 195 patients were included in this study. After two years, in all treatment groups patients showed significantly higher physical QoL score compared to baseline and there was no significant difference with the corresponding values in the elderly Dutch population. In the latent class trajectory analysis, there were no overlapping risk factors for poorer QoL or HS. CONCLUSION: This study shows that QoL levels in surviving elderly CLTI patients in the long-term do not differ from the corresponding values for elderly in the general population. There were no disparities in sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics associated with poorer QoL and HS. This study was carried out to encourage further analysis of the influence of biopsychosocial characteristics on QoL and HS in elderly CLTI patients.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Países Baixos , Doença Arterial Periférica/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/psicologia
3.
Thorac Cancer ; 11(12): 3456-3462, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33026177

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Endosonography is accepted as the initial procedure for mediastinal staging in patients with suspected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the diagnostic value of different staging methods in specific subgroups is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance and outcome of mediastinal staging in lung cancer in a general teaching hospital. METHODS: The records of 870 consecutive patients with potentially resectable NSCLC (cT1-3NxM0) were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study between January 2010 and December 2016. Patients were divided into four different groups according to ESTS guidelines. The primary endpoint was the rate of unforeseen mediastinal metastasis in these groups and the sensitivity of different staging methods. RESULTS: Mediastinal staging was performed in 336 patients of whom 112 (33%) underwent lobectomy. Unforeseen mediastinal metastasis was seen in 10 (9%) patients after negative mediastinal staging. Sensitivity after combined mediastinal staging (endosonography with mediastinoscopy) in the overall group was 94%. In patients without suspected mediastinal lymph nodes but with suspected hilar lymph nodes (N1), or a peripheral tumor >3 cm, sensitivity of endosonography was 33% and mediastinoscopy 75%. Biopsy of at least level 4L, 4R and 7 was taken in 18% of the endosonographies and 58% of the mediastinoscopies. DISCUSSION: Combined mediastinal staging (endosonography with mediastinoscopy) is reliable with a sensitivity of 94%. However, the diagnostic value of endosonography in patients with suspected hilar lymph nodes or a peripheral tumor >3 cm is questionable, and in these patients, performing direct mediastinoscopy should be considered. KEY POINTS: SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY: The diagnostic value of endosonography in patients without suspected mediastinal lymph nodes but with potential risk factors (suspected N1 disease or peripheral tumor >3 cm) is questionable. Therefore, mediastinoscopy as the first choice should be considered in these patients. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS?: Accurate mediastinal nodal staging is essential in patients with suspected NSCLC to avoid unnecessary lobectomy. Detailed knowledge about sensitivity and specificity of mediastinal staging techniques in different patient groups can make a difference.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mediastino/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 69: 74-79, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32763458

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period on the number and type of vascular procedures performed in the operating theater. METHODS: A total of 38 patients who underwent 46 vascular procedures during the lockdown period of March 16th until April 30th, 2020, were included. The control groups consisted of 29 patients in 2019 and 54 patients in 2018 who underwent 36 and 66 vascular procedures, respectively, in the same time period. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics. RESULTS: Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs. 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020, respectively; P-value 0.019). Furthermore, we observed a statistically significant difference in the degree of tissue loss as categorized by the Rutherford classification (P-value 0.007). During the lockdown period, patients presented with more extensive ischemic damage when than previous years. We observed no difference in vascular surgical care for patients with an aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements taken during the lockdown period have a significant effect on non-COVID-19 vascular patient care, which leads to an increased severe morbidity. In the future, policy makers should be aware of the impact of their measurements on vulnerable patient groups such as those with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. For these patients, medical care should be easily accessible and adequate.


Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/cirurgia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle Social Formal , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Quarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Isolamento Social
5.
Vasc Endovascular Surg ; 54(7): 618-624, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32666893

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSI) are frequently seen after aortoiliac vascular surgery (2%-14%). Deep SSIs are associated with graft infection, sepsis, and mortality. This study evaluates the difference in incidence and nature of SSI following open aortoiliac surgery for aneurysmal disease compared to occlusive arterial disease. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all consecutive patients who underwent open aortoiliac vascular surgery between January 2005 and December 2016 in the Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands. Patients were grouped by disease type, either aneurysmal or occlusive arterial disease. Data were gathered, including patient characteristics, potential risk factors, and development of SSI. Surgical site infections were defined in accordance with the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control. RESULTS: Between January 2005 and December 2016, a total of 756 patients underwent open aortoiliac surgery of which 517 had aortoiliac aneurysms and 225 had aortoiliac occlusive disease. The group with occlusive disease was younger, predominantly male, and had more smokers. After exclusion of 228 patients undergoing acute surgery, the SSI rate after elective surgery was 6.2%, with 10 of 301 SSIs in the aneurysmal group (3.0%) and 22 of 213 SSIs in the group with occlusive disease (10.3%, P < .001). Also, infection-related readmission and reintervention were higher after occlusive surgery, 6.6% versus 0.9% (P < .001) and 4.2% versus 0.9% (P = .003), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was found as the most common pathogen, causing 64% of SSI in occlusive disease versus 10% in aneurysmal disease (P = .005). Logistic regression showed occlusive arterial disease and chronic renal disease were associated with SSI. CONCLUSION: Our study presents evidence for a higher rate of SSI in patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease compared to aortoiliac aneurysmal disease, in part due to inherent use of inguinal incision in patients with occlusive disease. All precautions to prevent SSI should be taken in patients undergoing vascular surgery for arterial occlusive disease.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/cirurgia , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Aneurisma Aórtico/epidemiologia , Aneurisma Aórtico/mortalidade , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/etiologia , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidade , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Readmissão do Paciente , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade
6.
Minerva Anestesiol ; 86(9): 930-938, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32538578

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The incidence of delirium following open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery is significant, with incidence rates ranging from 12% to 33%. However, it remains unclear on what level of care a delirium develops in AAA patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of delirium in the ICU and on the surgical ward after AAA surgery. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all patients treated electively for an open AAA repair and patients who underwent emergency treatment for a ruptured AAA between 2013 and 2018. The diagnosis of delirium was verified by a psychiatrist or geriatrician using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria. The incidence of delirium was calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to analyze 6- and 12-month survival. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients were included, 46 patients (34%) had a delirium during admission. Of these, 30 patients (65%) developed a delirium in the ICU and 16 patients (35%) on the surgical ward. There was no significant difference in six months and twelve months mortality between the ICU and ward delirium groups (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 0.33-8.13, and HR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.28-4.47, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Delirium frequently occurs in patients who undergo AAA surgery. This study demonstrated that patients on the surgical ward remain at risk of developing a delirium after ICU dismissal. Patients with ICU delirium differ in clinical characteristics and outcomes from patients with a delirium on the surgical ward.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Delírio , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Delírio/epidemiologia , Delírio/etiologia , Tratamento de Emergência , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
7.
Vasc Endovascular Surg ; 54(2): 126-134, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31709914

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Revascularization is the cornerstone of the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI), but the number of elderly frail patients increase. Revascularization is not always possible in these patients and conservative therapy seems to be an option. The goals of this study are to analyze the 1-year quality of life (QoL) results and mortality rates of elderly patients with CLI and to investigate if conservative treatment could be an acceptable treatment option. METHODS: Patients with CLI ≥70 years old were included in a prospective observational cohort study in 2 hospitals in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2016 and were divided over 3 treatment modalities: endovascular therapy, surgical revascularization, and conservative treatment. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-Bref) instrument, a generic QoL assessment tool that includes components of physical, psychological, social relationships and environment, was used to evaluate QoL at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: In total, 195 patients (56% male, 33% Rutherford 4, mean age of 80) were included. Physical QoL significantly increased after surgical (10.4 vs 14.9, P < .001), endovascular (10.9 vs 13.7, P < .001), and conservative therapy (11.6 vs 13.2, P = .01) at 1 year. One-year mortality was relatively low after surgery (10%) compared to endovascular (40%) and conservative therapy (37%). CONCLUSION: The results of this study could not be used to designate the superior treatment used in elderly patients with CLI. Conservative treatment could be an acceptable treatment option in selected patients with CLI unfit for revascularization. Treatment of choice in elderly patients with CLI is based on multiple factors and should be individualized in a shared decision-making process.


Assuntos
Tratamento Conservador , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Isquemia/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tratamento Conservador/efeitos adversos , Tratamento Conservador/mortalidade , Estado Terminal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/mortalidade , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Países Baixos , Seleção de Pacientes , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade
8.
J Vasc Surg ; 71(6): 2065-2072.e2, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31711729

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To aid physicians in the process of shared decision-making, many predictive models for critical limb ischemia (CLI) have been constructed. However, none of these models is in widespread use. Predicting survival outcomes for a specific individual may be used to guide treatment selection. The aim of this study was to construct a 6-month survival-predicting model representative of elderly patients with CLI undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment. METHODS: An observational cohort study including all patients with CLI aged ≥65 years who underwent surgical or endovascular treatment of CLI between January 2013 and June 2018 was conducted. The model to predict survival at 6 months was based on a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model and a penalized likelihood method. The performance of the model was judged by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In total, 449 patients were included in the study population. The median age was 76 years (range, 65-97 years), and 52.8% of the population was male. Surgical treatment was performed in 303 patients (67.5%), and 146 underwent endovascular treatment (32.5%). The estimated 30-day survival was 92.7% (standard error [SE], 1.2%); 6-month survival, 80% (SE, 1.9%); and 12-month survival, 71% (SE, 2.1%). Variables with the strongest association with 6-month mortality were age, living in a nursing home, physical impairment, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the 6-month mortality model was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.85; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A prediction model constructed for 6-month mortality of elderly patients undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment of CLI showed that age, living in a nursing home, physical impairment, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class have the highest association with an increase in mortality. These factors may be used to identify patients at risk for mortality in shared decision-making.


Assuntos
Regras de Decisão Clínica , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Isquemia/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estado Terminal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidade , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos
9.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 66: 486-492, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31712188

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Both surgical and endovascular treatment in elderly patients with critical limb ischemia are associated with high mortality rates. Patients with critical limb ischemia are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and subsequent cardiovascular death. Little is known about the incidence and consequences of these adverse events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adverse cardiac events on mortality in patients with critical limb ischemia undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including all patients with critical limb ischemia aged ≥65 undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment for critical limb ischemia between January 2013 and June 2018 was conducted. Data on adverse cardiac events were collected from medical records. The effect of an adverse cardiac event on mortality during 6 months follow-up was analyzed with a multivariable cox proportional hazards model to adjust for confounders. Effects are displayed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total number of 449 patients were included. Median age was 76 years, 52.8% of patients were male. In total, 51 patients (11%) developed an adverse cardiac event, 31 patients (10%) in the surgical group and 20 patients (14%) in the endovascular group. After adjustment for confounders, adverse cardiac events were associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 3.5 95% CI 2.1-5.9). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that adverse cardiac events commonly occur in elderly patients with critical limb ischemia. Adverse cardiac events continue to occur even months after treatment and are associated with an increased mortality risk. These findings justify routine cardiac evaluation in both surgical and endovascular treatment. Additionally, frequent postdischarge cardiac follow-up in the outpatient clinic may be helpful in limiting the occurrence of adverse cardiac events.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Isquemia/cirurgia , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estado Terminal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/mortalidade , Humanos , Incidência , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidade , Masculino , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade
10.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg ; 59(4): 598-605, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31870693

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Delirium is associated with adverse outcomes, such as increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Information on the risk factors for delirium in elderly patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of delirium and to identify risk factors for delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients aged ≥ 65 years undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment for CLI between January 2013 and June 2018. Delirium was scored using the DOSS (Delirium Observation Screening Scale) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria. Risk factors for delirium were analysed using logistic regression. The discriminative ability of the model was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. RESULTS: In total, 392 patients were included, of which 70 (17.9%) developed delirium. Factors associated with an increased risk of delirium were: age, odds ratio (OR) 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.1), history of femoral endarterectomy, OR 4.7 (95% CI 1.5-15), physical impairment, OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.1-4.5), history of delirium, OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.4-5.3), general anaesthesia, OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-5.7) and pre-operative anaemia, OR 5.9 (95% CI 2.3-15). The AUROC was .82 (95% CI 0.76-0.87, p < .001). Delirium was associated with more respiratory, renal and surgical complications, as well as a prolonged hospital stay and a more frequent discharge to a nursing home. CONCLUSION: Delirium occurs frequently in patients with critical limb ischaemia undergoing any type of invasive treatment. This study identified multiple risk factors for delirium that may be helpful to delineate patients susceptible to its development.


Assuntos
Delírio , Extremidades/cirurgia , Isquemia/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endarterectomia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
11.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) ; 61(3): 317-322, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30465414

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: One of the main drawbacks of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared to open aortic surgery is the possibility of developing endoleaks and secondary aneurysm rupture, requiring frequent imaging follow-up. This study aims to identify prognostic factors that could be incorporated in follow-up protocols, which might lead to better personalized, lower cost and safe EVAR follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed including all patients who underwent elective EVAR from January 2000 to December 2015. Follow-up data were gathered by reviewing medical files for radiographic imaging. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess predictive factors for aneurysm shrinkage. RESULTS: In 361 patients, aneurysm sac shrinkage of 10 mm or more was measured in 152 (42.1%) patients. Patients with ≥10-mm aneurysm shrinkage had fewer endoleaks (4.3% vs. 24.6%, P<0.0001) and fewer re-interventions for endoleak (3.0% vs. 10.1%, P=0.007). Aneurysm sac shrinkage was correlated with the absence of endoleak development (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.66, P=0.001). In patients who had achieved ≥10-mm shrinkage of the aneurysm sac, no further significant growth was seen, compared to 38 (15.3%) patients who did not attain size reduction (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Once patients achieve ≥10-mm aneurysm sac shrinkage, they are less prone to developing subsequent aneurysm growth and have significantly lower risk of requiring surgery for endoleaks. However, a small number of patients remain at risk of requiring endoleak surgery after aneurysm shrinkage. Therefore, we would not recommend ceasing life-long imaging follow-up after significant aneurysm sac shrinkage, though it might be safe to increase the interval of follow-up.


Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Endoleak/diagnóstico por imagem , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Remodelação Vascular , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Ruptura Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ruptura Aórtica/etiologia , Ruptura Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Endoleak/etiologia , Endoleak/fisiopatologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Clin Interv Aging ; 14: 1221-1226, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31371929

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients are often of advanced age with reduced health status (HS) and quality of life (QoL) at baseline. Physical health is considered as the most affected domain due to reduced mobility and ischemic pain. QoL and HS are often used interchangeably in the current literature. HS refers to objectively perceived physical, psychological, and social functioning and in assessing QoL, change is measured subjectively and can only be determined by the individual since it concerns patients' evaluation of their functioning. It is important to distinguish between QoL and HS, especially in the concept of shared decision-making when the opinion of the patient is key. Goal of this study was to examine and compare QoL and HS in elderly CLI patients in relation to the used therapy, with a special interest in conservatively treated patients. METHODS: Patients suffering from CLI and ≥70 years old were included in a prospective study with a follow-up period of 1 year. Patients were divided into three groups; endovascular revascularization, surgical revascularization, and conservative therapy. The WHOQoL-Bref was used to determine QoL, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to evaluate HS at baseline, 5-7 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: Physical QoL of endovascularly and surgically treated patients showed immediate significant improvement during follow-up in contrast to delayed increased physical HS at 6 weeks and 6 months (P<0.001). Conservatively treated patients showed significantly improved physical QoL at 6 and 12 months (P=0.02) in contrast to no significant improvement in physical HS. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that QoL and HS are indeed not identical concepts and that differentiating between these two concepts could influence the choice of treatment in elderly CLI patients. Discriminating between QoL and HS is, therefore, of major importance for clinical practice, especially to achieve shared decision-making.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Isquemia/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tratamento Conservador/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg ; 57(4): 547-553, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30826247

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: A patient-oriented appraisal of treatment has become extremely important, particularly in elderly patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Quality of life (QoL) is an important patient-reported outcome in vascular surgery. Frequently, the physical domain of QoL questionnaires represents an 'objective' evaluation of performing activities, which is expected to be impaired after major limb amputation. However, an objective appraisal of physical function is an assessment of health status (HS) and not of QoL. Little is known about the subjective appraisal of physical health (QoL). The goal of this study was to evaluate, prospectively, QoL in relation to HS in elderly CLI patients undergoing major limb amputation. METHODS: Patients suffering from CLI aged 70 years or older were included in a prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up period of 1 year. Patients were divided according to having had an amputation or not. The World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to asses QoL. The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to measure HS. These self-reported questionnaires were completed five times during follow-up. RESULTS: Two-hundred patients were included of whom 46 underwent a major limb amputation within one year. Amputees had a statistically significant improvement of their physical QoL after six months (14.0 vs. 9.0 (95% CI -7.84;-1.45),p = 0.005) and after a one-year follow-up (14.0 vs. 9.0 (95% CI -9.58;-1.46),p = 0.008). They did not however show any statistically significant difference in HS. For non-amputees, both physical QoL and HS improved. An instant statistically significant improvement of the physical QoL appeared 1 week after inclusion (12.0 vs. 10.9 (95% CI -1.57;-0.63),p<0.001). Similarly, statistically significant improvement in the physical HS first occurred at 1 week follow-up (29.0 vs. 28.9 (95% CI -5.78; -2.23),p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear difference between patients' functioning (HS) and the patients' appraisal of functioning (QoL). In elderly CLI patients, this study clearly suggests a discrepancy between the physical QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) and HS (SF-12) measurements in vascular amputees. This raises the question, which outcome measurement is the most relevant for elderly CLI patients. Individual treatment goals should be kept in mind when assessing the HS or QoL outcome of patients undergoing hospital care. With respect to shared decision making, distinctive and subjective QoL questionnaires, like the WHOQOL-BREF, provide a very important outcome measurement and should be used in future research.


Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica , Amputados/psicologia , Nível de Saúde , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Isquemia/psicologia , Masculino , Países Baixos , Estudos Prospectivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 53: 148-153, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29890219

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hybrid revascularization combines open lower extremity surgery and endovascular procedures to simultaneously treat atherosclerotic lesions on multiple levels in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). Hybrid surgery appears to be a safe strategy for multilevel stenosis revascularization, though the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) has not been clearly investigated. This study evaluates the development of SSI following common femoral artery endarterectomy (CFE) and hybrid revascularization procedures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed including all patients undergoing CFE, as standalone or as part of a hybrid procedure, due to PAD between January 2013 and December 2016. Preoperative, intraoperative, clinical, and follow-up information was gathered prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. The presence of SSI was recorded based on criteria of the Centre for Disease Control. RESULTS: A total of 229 CFEs were performed. One hundred thirty-two as a standalone procedure, 65 combined with iliofemoral angioplasty, and 32 combined with peripheral angioplasty. Nineteen patients (8.3%) developed an SSI, of which 4 were deep infections. Ten infections (7.6%) occurred in the CFE-only group, 5 (7.7%) in the iliofemoral hybrid group, and 4 (12.5%) in the peripheral hybrid group (P = 0.65). Five patients (2.1%) required surgery to control the infection. The mean duration of stay was 5 days for patients without SSI versus 20 days for patients who developed an SSI (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid procedure combining open femoral endarterectomy with endovascular revascularization is a safe procedure with no significant differences in infection rates between open surgery, central, or peripheral hybrid revascularization.


Assuntos
Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Endarterectomia/efeitos adversos , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/microbiologia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/diagnóstico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 53: 171-176, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29886205

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Endovascular-first strategy for critical limb ischemia is widely accepted, especially in elderly patients, because of the increasing patency rates and minimally invasive character. Nonetheless, the impact of reinterventions because of endovascular treatment failure in this population is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reintervention rate and outcomes following reinterventions. METHODS: Patients aged >70 years with critical limb ischemia as a result of aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and/or crural disease, treated by "endovascular-first strategy" between 2006 and 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up was until 31 December 2014. Primary end point was freedom from reintervention or major amputation. Secondary outcome measures were limb salvage and mortality after reintervention. Reintervention was defined as endovascular or surgical re-revascularization and categorized into early reintervention (<3 months) and late reintervention (>3 months). RESULTS: In total, 263 patients were treated by endovascular revascularization. The majority (60%) of the treated lesion was located in the femoropopliteal segment. In total, a reintervention was performed in 32%, with 48% performed within 3 months. Freedom from reintervention or major amputation at 1 and 3 years was 0.71 ± 0.03 and 0.61 ± 0.03, respectively. The 1-year Kaplan-Meier estimate amputation-free survival was 0.35 ± 0.06 in the early reintervention group, compared with 0.73 ± 0.06 in the late reintervention group and 0.71 ± 0.04 in the no reintervention group (P < 0.001; log rank). The 1-year mortality in the early reintervention group was 0.35 ± 0.06, compared with 0.14 ± 0.05 in the late reintervention group and 0.29 ± 0.04 in the group who did not require reintervention (P = 0.047; log rank). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular revascularization first strategy for critical limb ischemia results in high reintervention rates in elderly patients. Failure of the endovascular revascularization requiring early reintervention is associated with lower amputation-free survival.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Isquemia/cirurgia , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Salvamento de Membro , Masculino , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular
16.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 51: 95-105, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29772334

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Revascularization to relieve ischemic pain and prevent limb loss is the cornerstone of critical limb ischemia (CLI) treatment; however, not all elderly patients are deemed fit for revascularization. Patient-related outcome measurements are important in these patients. Quality of life (QoL) results regarding the effect of endovascular, surgical, and conservative treatment on the QoL in the elderly are scarce in the current literature. The goal of this study was to explore the outcomes of the different treatment modalities in elderly patients suffering from CLI, with a specific focus on QoL. METHODS: A total of 195 CLI patients ≥70 years were prospectively included between January 2012 and February 2016 and divided into 6 groups (endovascular revascularization, surgical revascularization, and conservative treatment). Two age groups (70-79 and >80 years) were analyzed. Follow-up was performed at 5-7 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months. World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire was used to determine QoL. The Vascular-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity score was noted. QoL was used as the primary end point, with mortality and limb salvage as the secondary end points. RESULTS: Six-month mortality was significantly lower in surgically treated patients aged 70-79 years (4%) as compared with endovascular (24%, P = 0.001) or conservative treatment (25%, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in 6-month mortality in patients >80 years among endovascularly (38%), surgically (15%), and conservatively treated patients (27%). QoL significantly increased at all follow-up moments in surgically treated patients between 70 and 79 years and at 6 months in endovascularly treated patients. Conservatively treated patients did not improve their QoL in this age group. All patients aged >80 years, including conservatively treated patients, showed significantly improved QoL results at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients judged fit for surgery may benefit the most from surgical revascularization, reporting low mortality rates, low adverse events and significantly gained QoL in multiple domains. However, all 3 treatment modalities have significantly increased physical health at 6 months. Conservative therapy seems to be an acceptable treatment option in patients unfit for revascularization with gained physical health at 6 months.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Tratamento Conservador/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Isquemia/mortalidade , Isquemia/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Tratamento Conservador/efeitos adversos , Estado Terminal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Isquemia/psicologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Liberação de Cirurgia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos
17.
Surg Infect (Larchmt) ; 19(4): 424-429, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29630451

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) constitute one of many major complications after aortic aneurysm surgery and its details and outcome have not been evaluated extensively. This research evaluates the incidence and outcome of SSI and graft infection in open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed, including all patients who underwent surgery for aortoiliac aneurysmatic disease between January 2000 and December 2016 in the Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands. Surgical site infections were defined in accordance with criteria of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Aortic graft infection was diagnosed by a combination of computed tomography imaging and microbiologic results. RESULTS: Between January 2000 and December 2016, 845 patients (mean age, 72.80 ± 7.15 y, 86.3% male) underwent abdominal aneurysm surgery (477 endovascular, 368 open). The total SSI rate was 3.1% (12 endovascular [2.5%], 14 open [3.8%], p = 0.318) with 0.8% deep SSI (26.9% of SSIs). No difference in SSIs was found between acute and elective surgery (2.9% vs. 3.1%, p = 1.000). Patients with SSI had a longer duration of stay (mean, 27.65 ± 30.74 d vs. 9.79 ± 12.50 d, p < 0.0001) but no difference in 30-day or 1-year mortality. Twenty-four graft infections occurred (4.3% of open vs. 1.7% of endovascular surgery, p = 0.023) of which 20 (83.3%) required surgery. Two-year mortality was higher when graft infections occurred (33.3% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.046). Surgical site infections (odds ratio [OR] 7.10, 95% [CI] 2.10-23.98) and mycotic aneurysms (OR 9.38, 95% CI 1.78-54.19) are independent determinants for graft infections. CONCLUSION: This study shows that SSIs after endovascular aortic surgery are as common as after open aortic surgery. Furthermore, this study supports the concept that aortic graft infection is highly associated with SSIs and mycotic aneurysms. Studies evaluating the prevention or early diagnosis of graft infection after SSIs through intensified imaging follow-up or even long-term antibiotic treatment should be considered.


Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Transplantes/patologia , Enxerto Vascular/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estados Unidos
18.
Ann Vasc Surg ; 46: 241-248, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28689942

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in the elderly patients is challenging because of the comorbidity and fragility of these patients. We analyzed survival in relation to different treatment options and estimated life expectancy of our study group by age and gender. METHODS: All patients aged ≥70 years, presenting with chronic CLI, between 2006 and 2013 were included. The treatment was conservative, endovascular, surgical, or by primary major amputation. The interest was in the effect of conservative versus nonconservative treatment on survival. Furthermore, we compared mortality and life expectancy between the study population to the overall Dutch population by age and gender. RESULTS: In total, 686 legs in 651 patients were treated. Initial treatment of patients was conservative (n = 181), endovascular (n = 259), surgical (n = 169), or amputation (n = 42). The overall 1-year mortality was 29%. Patients were stratified by age: 70-79 (n = 350) years and ≥80 (n = 301) years. Higher mortality rate ratios (RR) were found in octogenarians compared with patients aged 70-79 years, in the endovascular (P < 0.001) and surgical (P < 0.001) group. The mortality RRs of conservative relatively to nonconservative treatment was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.09; P = 0.19), not significantly differing between both age groups (P = 0.74). The mortality RR of 3.72 of our study population to the Dutch general population was high, with an excess mortality of 272%. Life expectancy at the age of 70 years was substantially decreased by 9 and 8 years for, respectively, the male and female population. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates in elderly patients with CLI are high, corresponding with a decreased life expectancy, regardless of the type of intervention. Revascularization is associated with high periprocedural mortality, especially in octogenarians. Conservative treatment is noninferior to nonconservative treatment in terms of mortality and should be considered as the treatment in octogenarians with substantial comorbidity.


Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica , Tratamento Conservador , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Isquemia/terapia , Longevidade , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Amputação Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Comorbidade , Tratamento Conservador/efeitos adversos , Tratamento Conservador/mortalidade , Estado Terminal , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Países Baixos , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 141(3): 991-1001, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29030101

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Peanut allergy (PA) is a complex disease with both environmental and genetic risk factors. Previously, PA loci were identified in filaggrin (FLG) and HLA in candidate gene studies, and loci in HLA were identified in a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate genetic susceptibility to PA. METHODS: Eight hundred fifty cases and 926 hyper-control subjects and more than 7.8 million genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility variants for PA in the Canadian population. A meta-analysis of 2 phenotypes (PA and food allergy) was conducted by using 7 studies from the Canadian, American (n = 2), Australian, German, and Dutch (n = 2) populations. RESULTS: An SNP near integrin α6 (ITGA6) reached genome-wide significance with PA (P = 1.80 × 10-8), whereas SNPs associated with Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1 (SKAP1), matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12)/MMP13, catenin α3 (CTNNA3), rho GTPase-activating protein 24 (ARHGAP24), angiopoietin 4 (ANGPT4), chromosome 11 open reading frame (C11orf30/EMSY), and exocyst complex component 4 (EXOC4) reached a threshold suggestive of association (P ≤ 1.49 × 10-6). In the meta-analysis of PA, loci in or near ITGA6, ANGPT4, MMP12/MMP13, C11orf30, and EXOC4 were significant (P ≤ 1.49 × 10-6). When a phenotype of any food allergy was used for meta-analysis, the C11orf30 locus reached genome-wide significance (P = 7.50 × 10-11), whereas SNPs associated with ITGA6, ANGPT4, MMP12/MMP13, and EXOC4 and additional C11orf30 SNPs were suggestive (P ≤ 1.49 × 10-6). Functional annotation indicated that SKAP1 regulates expression of CBX1, which colocalizes with the EMSY protein coded by C11orf30. CONCLUSION: This study identifies multiple novel loci as risk factors for PA and food allergy and establishes C11orf30 as a risk locus for both PA and food allergy. Multiple genes (C11orf30/EMSY, SKAP1, and CTNNA3) identified by this study are involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression.


Assuntos
Epigênese Genética , Loci Gênicos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Hipersensibilidade a Amendoim/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Homólogo 5 da Proteína Cromobox , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Masculino , Hipersensibilidade a Amendoim/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Amendoim/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/biossíntese , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fatores de Risco , alfa Catenina/biossíntese , alfa Catenina/genética
20.
Clin Interv Aging ; 12: 1985-1992, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29200838

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Owing to the aging population, the number of elderly patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) has increased. The consequence of amputation is immense. However, at the moment, information about the mortality after amputation in the elderly vascular patients is unknown. For this reason, this study evaluated mortality rates and patient-related factors associated with mortality after a major amputation in elderly patients with CLI. METHODS: From 2006 to 2013, we included patients aged >70 years who were treated for chronic CLI by primary or secondary major amputation within or after 3 months of initial therapy (revascularization or conservative management). Outcome measurements were mortality after major amputation and factors associated with mortality (age, comorbidity and timing of amputation). RESULTS: In total, 168/651 patients (178 legs; 26%) underwent a major amputation. Patients were stratified by age: 70-80 years (n=86) and >80 years (n=82). Overall mortality after major amputation was 44%, 66% and 85% after 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. The 6-month and 1-year mortality in patients aged 80 years or older was, respectively, 59% or 63% after a secondary amputation <3 months versus 34% and 44% after a secondary amputation >3 months. Per year of age, the mortality rate increased by 4% (P=0.005). No significant difference in mortality after major amputation was found in the presence of comorbidity or according to Rutherford classification. CONCLUSION: Despite developments in the treatment of CLI by revascularization, amputation rates remain high and are associated with tremendous mortality rates. Secondary amputation after a failed attempt of revascularization causes a higher mortality. Further research concerning timing of amputation and patient-related outcome is needed to evaluate if selected patients might benefit from primary amputation.


Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Isquemia/cirurgia , Perna (Membro)/irrigação sanguínea , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos
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