Sexualidad(es) y colectividad. La vigilancia y el juzgamiento social como mecanismos de producción corporal / Sexualidade(es) e coletividade. A vigilância e o julgamento social como mecanismos de produção corporal / Sexualities and colectivity: The surveillance and the social judgment as mechanisms for the corporal production

Este artículo aborda la vigilancia y el juzgamiento social como mecanismos de producción y legitimación del cuerpo, claves para comprender los procesos de socialización de mujeres pertenecientes a la clase media de Santiago de Chile. Se basa en la revisión crítica de los resultados de un estudio empírico sobre significados que mujeres santiaguinas de estratos sociales medios construyen en relación a su cuerpo, a través de entrevistas acerca de sus prácticas sexuales, en particular, respecto del uso de juguetes sexuales. Los procesos de socialización de género que regulan el comportamiento sexual de dichas mujeres involucran prácticas de legitimación social de las corporalidades, así como de vigilancia y juzgamiento interpersonal en sus entornos inmediatos.

Este artigo aborda a vigilância e o julgamento social como mecanismos de produção e legitimação do corpo, que são chaves para compreender os processos de socialização de mulheres pertencentes à classe média de Santiago do Chile. Se baseia na revisão crítica dos resultados de um estudo empírico sobre significados que mulheres santiaguinas de estratos sociais médios constroem em relação ao seu corpo, atraves de entrevistas respeito de suas práticas sexuais, especificamente quanto ao uso de brinquedos sexuais. Os processos de socialização de gênero que regulam o comportamento sexual de tais mulheres envolvem práticas de legitimação social das corporalidades, assim como de vigilância e julgamento interpessoal nos seus entornos imediatos.

This article addresses surveillance and social judgment as mechanisms of female body production and legitimation, which play a key role in the gender socialization of middle-class women in Santiago, Chile. It is based on a critical review of the main findings of a study on the meanings produced by middle-class women about their bodies, while interviewed about their sexual practices, in particular about their use of sex toys. The socialization processes whereby women’s sexuality is regulated involve the legitimation of women’s bodies, as well as their surveillance and social judgment in everyday settings.

Clinical results and toxicity for short-course preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients.

Short-course preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT) is an alternative method to chemoirradiation for patients with Stage II and III rectal cancer when no downsizing is needed, but there is still widespread reluctance to use this method because of fear of side effects from high-fraction doses. This paper reports on a single institution patient cohort of operated rectal cancer patients after SCPRT, evaluated for chronic adverse effects, local control, progression-free survival and overall survival. Altogether, 257 patients were treated with SCPRT and surgery including total mesorectal excision (92% total mesorectal excision = TME) between 2002 and 2009. Local control and survival were analyzed. Chronic adverse effects for 154 patients without local relapse were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE version 4.0 classification, with a median follow-up of 48 months. We found a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 71%. The 5-year estimated local control (LC) rate was 94%. A positive resection margin was found in 4% of the patients and was significantly correlated with decreased DFS, OS and LC. Chronic adverse effects were reported by 58% of the patients, of which 10% were Grade 3 toxicities. The most frequent Grade 2 toxicity was stool incontinence (13%). Sexual dysfunction was found in 36% of the patients (31% Grade 1 or 2, and only 5% Grade 3). SCPRT combined with TME produced excellent LC rates together with a low rate of high-grade chronic adverse effects.