Surgical treatment may improve depressive and hysterical traits in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Study using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Aim: The influence of surgeries on psychiatric symptoms and personality traits is not well known in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We investigated changes in personality traits with respect to postoperative seizure outcomes, etiology, side of surgery, and sex differences. Methods: Clinical information was retrospectively collected for 44 patients whose Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was examined before and 1 year after surgical treatment for drug-resistant TLE. Postoperative changes in MMPI T-scores were analyzed using a paired t-test. Participants were divided into two groups based on postoperative seizure outcome, the presence or absence of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) as the etiology, side of surgery, and sex differences. The effect of these clinical factors on postoperative changes in MMPI T-scores was evaluated using analysis of covariance (P-values < 0.05). Results: The hypochondria (Hs) scale decreased significantly in all patients (p = 0.022). The postoperative seizure-free group had a significant decrease in the depression (D) scale (p = 0.037). The HS group had significant decreases in the D scale and the hysteria (Hy) scale (p = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively), and a significant increase in the masculinity-femininity (Mf) scale (p = 0.009). No significant differences existed between the sides of surgery or sex. Conclusion: Depressive traits were improved in patients with postoperative seizure freedom. Depressive and hysterical traits were improved in patients with HS, which may be attributed to a reduction in anxiety and fear associated with aura. Most personality traits are not significantly changed or exacerbated by surgical treatment of TLE.

From hysteria to gait dementia: History of the concept of astasia-abasia.

Paul Blocq (1860-1896) and his teacher Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) introduced the expression "astasia-abasia" into medical terminology in 1888 to designate a pathology they believed to be caused by hysteria. This condition makes it impossible to remain erect and to walk, whereas the ability to move the legs while lying down remains normal. At the turn of the 20th century, and now almost exclusively, this motor disturbance is recognised as a syndrome with multiple possible organic causes, and now described as "higher-level gait disorder". After briefly mentioning earlier descriptions by other authors, I will review Charcot's Tuesday lessons in 1889 that covered astasia-abasia and elucidated the beginnings of the breakdown into organic aetiologies: medial-frontal and corpus callosum tumors, damage to the cerebellar vermis, lacunar state as described by Pierre Marie (1853-1940), Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson-plus syndrome. The long history of astasia-abasia reveals a cluster of neurologists, often emerging from oblivion herein and all of whom, through the precision of their clinical examinations and their pathophysiological findings, helped advance the understanding of the mechanisms by which human beings are the only erect, constantly bipedal mammals, whether immobile or walking.

Les démoniaques dans l'art: Charcot and the "hysterical saints" / Les démoniaques dans l'art: Charcot e os "santos histéricos"

Abstract Professor Jean-Martin Charcot was the founder of clinical neurology and one of the prominent researchers in the field of hysteria in the 19th century. His bookLes démoniaques dans l'art is a representation of hysterical symptoms in religion and religious art. This paper aims to discuss Charcot's descriptions of hysteria in religion and his "hysterical saints".

Resumo Professor Jean-Martin Charcot foi o fundador da neurologia clínica e um dos pesquisadores mais proeminentes no campo da histeria durante o século XIX. Seu livroLes démoniaques dans l'art é uma representação dos sintomas histéricos na religião e arte religiosa. Esse artigo objetiva discutir as descrições de Charcot de histeria na religião e seus "santos histéricos".

O sujeito na ciência, na literatura fantástica e na psicanálise / The subject in science, fantastic literature, and psychoanalysis / El sujeto en la ciencia, la literatura fantástica y el psicoanálisis

Este trabalho discute a relação entre ciência moderna, literatura fantástica e psicanálise, tomando a primeira como pré-condição para a existência das duas últimas. Questionam-se quais elementos históricos e epistêmicos herdados da ciência se fazem presentes tanto na literatura fantástica como na psicanálise para, em seguida, situar a especificidade de cada uma delas. Adotam-se como categorias de análise as concepções lacanianas de sujeito e de discurso, estabelecendo uma conexão entre o procedimento científico e o discurso da histeria. Destacam-se as idiossincrasias da literatura fantástica, que é situada em relação a outros gêneros ou modalidades literárias, conforme a definição de Todorov, a saber: o estranho e o mágico. Para melhor mapear os limites desse território, buscam-se comparar a psicanálise e a literatura fantástica com a religião e a magia. Debate-se daí a tese de Todorov, que vaticina o desaparecimento do fantástico na segunda metade do século XX em decorrência da influência da psicanálise, que o teria tornado supérfluo. Diferentemente desse autor, defende-se que um dos principais obstáculos para o desenvolvimento da literatura fantástica na atualidade não é a concorrência da psicanálise, mas a presença de uma visão de mundo cientificista atrelada ao discurso capitalista. Nesse sentido, propõe-se que tanto a psicanálise como a literatura fantástica constituem formas de propiciar a expressão do sujeito, que se encontra elidida no cientificismo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica, conceitual, de caráter ensaístico, que se fundamenta na contribuição de psicanalistas e críticos literários, além de epistemólogos e historiadores da ciência, cujo intuito é interrogar o lugar, a pertinência e os desafios da psicanálise na atualidade, tomando como foco a sua relação com a ciência e a literatura fantástica.

This work discusses the relationship between modern science, fantastic literature, and psychoanalysis, taking the former as a precondition for the existence of the latter two. It is questioned which historical and epistemic elements inherited from science are present both in fantastic literature and in psychoanalysis, to then situate the specificity of each of these. The Lacanian conceptions of subject and discourse are adopted as a category of analysis, thus establishing a connection between the scientific procedure and the discourse of hysteria. The idiosyncrasies of fantastic literature, which is situated in relation to other genres or literary modalities, as defined by Todorov, namely, the strange and the magical, are highlighted. One discusses the Todorov's thesis that predicts the disappearance of the fantastic literature in the second half of the 20th century due to the influence of psychoanalysis, which would have made it superfluous. Unlike this author, it is argued that one of the main obstacles to the development of fantastic literature today is not the competition of psychoanalysis, but the influence of a scientificist worldview linked to the capitalist's discourse. In this sense, it is proposed that both psychoanalysis and fantastic literature are ways of providing the expression of the subject, which is elidited in scientificism. It is, therefore, a qualitative, bibliographical, conceptual, essayistic research, which is based on the contribution of psychoanalysts and literary critics, in addition to epistemologists and historians of science in order to question the place, the relevance and the challenges of psychoanalysis today, focusing on its relationship with science and fantastic literature.

Este trabajo discute la relación entre la ciencia moderna, la Literatura Fantástica y el Psicoanálisis, tomando la primera como una condición previa para la existencia de las últimas. Se cuestiona qué elementos históricos y epistémicos heredados de la ciencia están presentes en la Literatura Fantástica y en el psicoanálisis, para luego ubicar la especificidad de cada uno de ellos. Se adoptan las concepciones lacanianas de sujeto y discurso como categorías de análisis, estableciendo una conexión entre el procedimiento científico y el discurso de la histeria. Luego, se destacan las idiosincrasias de la literatura fantástica, colocándola en relación con otros géneros o modalidades literarias, como lo define Todorov, a saber: lo extraño y lo mágico. Para mapear mejor los límites de este territorio, se busca situar el psicoanálisis y la Literatura Fantástica en relación con la religión y la magia. Luego se comenta la tesis de Todorov que predice la desaparición de lo fantástico en la segunda mitad del siglo XX debido a la influencia del psicoanálisis, que lo habría hecho superfluo. A diferencia de este autor, se argumenta que uno de los principales obstáculos para el desarrollo de Literatura Fantástica hoy en día no es la presencia concomitante del psicoanálisis, sino la influencia de una cosmovisión cientificista vinculada al discurso del capitalista. En este sentido, se propone que tanto el psicoanálisis como la literatura fantástica sean formas de proporcionar la expresión del sujeto, que se elude en el cientificismo. Esta es, por lo tanto, una investigación cualitativa, bibliográfica, conceptual, de estilo ensayo, que se basa en la contribución de psicoanalistas y críticos literarios, además de epistemólogos e historiadores de la Ciencia, para cuestionar cuál es el lugar, la relevancia y los desafíos del psicoanálisis em la actualidad, centrándose en su relación con la ciencia y la literatura fantástica.

History of hysteria: Ilza Veith's legacy / História da histeria: o legado de Ilza Veith / Histoire de l'hystérie : l'héritage d'Ilza Veith / Historia de la histeria: el legado de Ilza Veith

The 1965 book Hysteria: The History of a Disease, by the German American historian Ilza Veith, certainly represented a milestone in the historiography of hysteria. Praised at first as an innovative work, unprecedented in its comprehensiveness and scholarship, it became, over time, object of multiple criticisms regarding its omissions, its psychoanalytic bias, and the teleological character of its approach. This article aims at pondering these contrasting assessments and discussing the historical significance of Veith's work from a contemporary perspective. To this end, a brief overview of historical studies on hysteria before Veith is outlined. This overview is followed by a descriptive and critical presentation of her work, a discussion of certain aspects of its reception and, as conclusion, an evaluation of her contribution and legacy to this research field.

Resumos O livro Hysteria: The History of a Disease, da historiadora germano-americana Ilza Veith, publicado em 1965, representou certamente um marco na historiografia da histeria. Elogiado inicialmente como uma obra inovadora e sem precedentes em sua abrangência e erudição, tornou-se com o tempo objeto de múltiplas críticas com relação a suas omissões, ao viés psicanalítico e ao caráter teleológico de sua abordagem. O objetivo deste artigo é ponderar essas avaliações contrastantes e discutir a significação histórica do livro de Veith com base em uma perspectiva contemporânea. Para tanto, traça-se um breve panorama da situação dos estudos históricos sobre a histeria antes de Veith. A seguir, é feita uma apresentação descritiva e crítica de seu trabalho, discutem-se certos aspectos de sua recepção e, a título de conclusão, ensaia-se uma avaliação de sua contribuição e de seu legado para esse campo de pesquisas.

Le livre Hysteria: The History of a Disease, de l'historienne germano-américaine Ilza Veith, publié en 1965, a certainement représenté un tournant dans l'historiographie de l'hystérie. D'abord acclamée comme une œuvre innovante et sans précédent par son exhaustivité et son érudition, elle est devenue au cours du temps l'objet de multiples critiques concernant ses omissions, son parti pris psychanalytique et le caractère téléologique de sa démarche. L'objectif de cet article est de réfléchir sur ces évaluations contrastées et de discuter de l'importance historique du livre de Veith dans une perspective contemporaine. À cette fin, on fournit d'abord un bref aperçu de l'état des études historiques sur l'hystérie avant Veith et ensuite une présentation descriptive et critique de son travail. On discute d'ailleurs certains aspects de sa réception et, en guise de conclusion, on présente une évaluation de sa contribution et de son héritage dans ce domaine de recherche.

El libro Hysteria: The History of a Disease, de la historiadora germano-estadounidense Ilza Veith, publicado en 1965, representó, sin duda alguna, un marco en la historiografía de la histeria. Elogiada inicialmente como una obra innovadora y sin precedentes por su amplitud y erudición, con el tiempo se convirtió en objeto de múltiples críticas por sus omisiones, por el sesgo psicoanalítico y por el carácter teleológico de su enfoque. El objetivo de este artículo es ponderar estas evaluaciones contrastantes y discutir la importancia histórica del libro de Veith desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Para ello, se traza un breve recorrido por el estado de los estudios históricos sobre la histeria anteriores a Veith. A continuación, se realiza una presentación descriptiva y crítica de su obra, se discuten algunos aspectos de su recepción y, a modo de conclusión, se ensaya una evaluación de su contribución y legado a este campo de investigación.

Trauma y amnesia disociativa: la visión de Pierre Janet / Trauma and dissociative amnesia: Pierre Janet's vision

RESUMEN Se señala la importancia de reconsiderar el trabajo de Pierre Janet en trauma y amnesia disociativa, como elementos importantes en el estudio actual del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Los objetivos de esta revisión histórica no sistemática y comparativa son: a) explicar, desde la perspectiva de Janet: el concepto de Idea Fija, que hoy denominamos trauma b) describir los diferentes tipos de amnesia en las cuales se basa el DSM para su clasificación actual y c) a través de un caso clínico descrito por Janet, mostrar su concordancia con lo que actualmente diagnosticamos como TEPT complejo, que denominó en su época: "una de las formas que puede tomar la histeria después de un accidente emocional". Esta revisión se basa principalmente en algunos capítulos originales de Janet publicados en Francés.

The present article gives emphasis in reconsidering the work of Pierre Janet in trauma and dissociative amnesia, as important aspects for the contemporary study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this non systematic historical review is to explain the following ideas under Janet´s perspective: a) the concept of fixed idea, denominated in our contemporary nomenclature as trauma, b) to describe the different types of amnesia described by Janet and its relation with DSM clasiffication for this penomenon, and c) to show through the analysis of a clinical case described by Janet, how a concordance exists between the current denomination of complex PTSD and what Janet nominated "one of the forms in which hysteria can presents after an emotional accident". This article is mainly based in some original chapters from Janet´s work published in French.

Conversion disorder upon emergence from general anesthesia-A case report and review of literature.

Conversion disorder (CD) is a neurological symptom that is not related to any medical or neurological disease. Symptoms can range from sensory complaints to loss of consciousness. Psychological stressors such as surgery and anesthesia are considered a precipitating factors. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent unnecessary interventions. Here, we report a case of a patient who developed CD upon emergence from general anesthesia.

Sacerdotes, apropiación del discurso médico y experiencia mística en la Francia del siglo XIX / Priests, the appropriation of medical discourse and mystical experience in nineteenth-century France

Resumen El artículo explora la apropiación de la terminología psiquiátrica por parte de teólogos y párrocos franceses, en el contexto de la patologización de la religión del siglo XIX. Esta apropiación le sirvió al clero para demarcar la experiencia mística "auténtica" de la simulada o "desviada". En primer lugar, analizamos manuales médico-teológicos pensados para crear una oposición entre la histeria y la santidad, útil desde el punto de vista eclesiástico. En segundo lugar, presentamos los informes de tres párrocos sobre presuntas místicas y estigmatizadas. Concluimos que la apropiación de la retórica médica por parte del clero podía servir para definir los límites de la experiencia religiosa aprobada por la Iglesia católica.

Abstract This article explores the appropriation of psychiatric terminology by French theologians and priests, within the context of the pathologizations of religion in the nineteenth century. This appropriation allowed the clergy to differentiate "authentic" mystical experience from feigned or "deviant" ones. Firstly, it analyzes medical and theological manuals that sought to create an opposition between hysteria and saintliness, which was useful from the ecclesiastical point of view. Secondly, it presents the reports of three priests on supposed female mystics with stigmata. It concludes that the appropriation of medical rhetoric by the clergy could be used to define the limits of religious experience approved by the Catholic church.

Hystero-epilepsy in the Tuesday Lessons and NMDA receptor function: A hypothesis for dissociative disorder.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients demonstrate characteristic multistage progression and movement disorders, which are analogous to hystero-epilepsy in Jean-Martin Charcot's Tuesday Lessons. First, based on a review of the Tuesday Lessons recorded by Charcot's pupils, we hypothesized that there were patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis among those diagnosed with hystero-epilepsy in the nineteenth century. We found acute-onset multiple neuropsychiatric manifestations resembling anti-NMDAR encephalitis among patients with hystero-epilepsy. Patients with drug withdrawal syndrome, dissociative and conversion disorders and patients under hypnosis from the modern point of view were also identified. These results suggested that hystero-epilepsy in the Tuesday Lessons could encompass dissociative and conversion disorders, hypnosis, drug withdrawal syndrome, and anti-NMDAR encephalitis-like manifestations. Based on Charcot's observations and current progress in molecular biology, such as the identification of glutamate/NMDAR system dysfunction in drug withdrawal syndrome, we then hypothesized that patients with dissociative and conversion disorders and those under hypnosis could also have hypofunction of the glutamatergic system. The NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis is emerging as a pathogenesis of schizophrenia. NMDAR antagonists are known to evoke symptoms similar to schizophrenia, anti-NMDAR encephalitis and near-death experiences. In current clinical reports, spectrum disorders such as dissociative disorder and conversion disorder have been observed in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Our hypothesis will offer an expansion of the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis from psychosis to functional neurological disorders and normal specific situations, such as hypnosis, thanatosis, and near-death experiences.

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) and his second thoughts about hysteria / Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) y sus dudas sobre la histeria

ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot's (1825-1893) concepts of hysteria evolved significantly over the last 20 years of his career. In the "Leçons du Mardi à la Salpêtrière" (Tuesday lessons), his original conception of a "dynamic lesion" coexists alongside a new psychological conception, sometimes in a rather contradictory way. According to the hand-written transcript of his Tuesday lesson on February 21st, 1888, Charcot stated: "Hysteria must be taken for what it is: psychic disease par excellence". However, in the printed edition of the Tuesday lessons, this emphasis on psychological factors was very much softened. The different wording and corresponding shift in meaning implicitly retrieved Charcot's former conception of a "dynamic lesion". Charcot himself had probably been made aware of the different wording by the editors, and had agreed upon it. After several years of studying this condition, Charcot was probably not confident enough in making too assertive conclusions on the psychological mechanisms underlying hysteria.

RESUMEN Los conceptos de Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) sobre la histeria evolucionaron significativamente durante los últimos 20 años de su carrera. En las "Leçons du Mardi à la Salpêtrière", su concepción original de una "lesión dinámica" coexiste junto con una nueva concepción psicológica, a veces de una manera bastante contradictoria. Según la transcripción manual de su lección del martes del 21 de febrero de 1888, Charcot declaró: "La histeria debe tomarse por lo que es: enfermedad psíquica por excelencia". Sin embargo, en la edición impresa de las lecciones del martes, este énfasis en los factores psicológicos se suavizó mucho. La diferente redacción y el cambio correspondiente en el significado recuperaron implícitamente la antigua concepción de Charcot de una "lesión dinámica". El proprio Charcot probablemente se había enterado de la diferente redacción por parte de los editores y lo había aceptado. Después de varios años estudiando esta afección, Charcot probablemente no estaba lo suficientemente seguro para sacar conclusiones demasiado asertivas sobre los mecanismos psicológicos subyacentes a la histeria.

Trauma infantil e manifestações histéricas na atualidade: uma revisão da literatura / Child trauma and hysterical manifestations today: a literature review

As reações corporais e emocionais sentidas pelos pacientes com manifestações histéricas podem atingir tamanha intensidade, a ponto de prejudicar sua vida social, familiar e laboral. O trabalho parte dos seguintes questionamentos: como são as manifestações histéricas na atualidade? Qual a compreensão sobre a histeria na literatura da área ao longo do tempo? O objetivo é descrever aspectos teóricos sobre a histeria e o trauma infantil, articulando-os com a clínica atual. Foi desenvolvida uma revisão da literatura por meio do método narrativo. Os resultados encontrados foram 106 estudos nos últimos 6 anos (Bireme e Dialnet), sendo que, de 2017 em diante, houve um decréscimo nas publicações científicas sobre o tema. Apesar de a categoria psicopatológica da histeria ter desaparecido dos manuais de transtornos mentais, na clínica atual as manifestações histéricas são facilmente confundidas com outros transtornos (depressivos, dissociativos e distúrbio borderline). As manifestações somáticas aparecem no corpo para comunicar eventos traumáticos não contidos pelo aparelho psíquico. Conclui-se que as manifestações histéricas seguem presentes nos dias de hoje, e o corpo tende a ser uma via de expressão somática. No contexto da relação entre sintomas histéricos e traumas vivenciados na infância, a psicoterapia ocupa lugar de destaque, promovendo ressignificações para tais eventos traumáticos.(AU)

The bodily and emotional reactions felt by patients with hysterical manifestations can reach such intensity as to harm their social, family and work life, causing several losses for the individual. The study starts from the following questions: how are the hysterical manifestations today? What about understanding hysteria in the literature of the area over time? The objective is to describe theoretical aspects of hysteria and childhood trauma, in conjunction with the current clinic. A literature review using the narrative method was developed. The results found were 106 studies in the last 6 years (Bireme and Dialnet), and as of 2017 there is a decrease in scientific publications on the topic. Although the psychopathological category of hysteria has disappeared from the manuals of mental disorders, nowadays in the clinic the hysterical manifestations are easily confused with other disorders (depressive, dissociative and borderline). Somatic manifestations appear in the body to communicate traumatic events not contained by the psychic apparatus. It is concluded that the hysterical manifestations are still present today, and the body tends to be an important way of expressing symptoms through the somatic path. In the context of the relationship between hysterical symptoms and childhood trauma, psychotherapy occupies a prominent place, promoting reframing for such traumatic events.(AU)

Las reacciones corporales y emocionales que sienten los pacientes con manifestaciones histéricas pueden alcanzar tal intensidad como para dañar su vida social, familiar y laboral, causando varias pérdidas para el individuo. El estudio parte de las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo son hoy las manifestaciones histéricas? ¿Cuál es la comprensión de la histeria en la literatura de la zona a lo largo del tiempo? El objetivo es describir aspectos teóricos de la histeria y el trauma infantil, en conjunto con la clínica actual. Se ha elaborado una revisión de la literatura utilizando el método narrativo. Los resultados encontrados fueron 106 estudios en los últimos 6 años (Bireme y Dialnet), y a partir de 2017 hubo una disminución en las publicaciones científicas sobre el tema. Aunque la categoría psicopatológica de histeria ha desaparecido de los manuales de trastornos mentales, hoy en día en la clínica las manifestaciones histéricas se confunden fácilmente con otros trastornos (depresivo, disociativo y borderline). Las manifestaciones somáticas aparecen en el cuerpo para comunicar eventos traumáticos no contenidos por el aparato psíquico. Se concluye que las manifestaciones histéricas todavía están presentes hoy en día, y el cuerpo tiende a ser una forma importante de expresar los síntomas a través de las vías somáticas. En el contexto de la relación entre los síntomas histéricos y el trauma vivido en la infancia, la psicoterapia ocupa un lugar destacado, promoviendo replanteamiento para tales eventos traumáticos.(AU)

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Organic Disease or Psychosomatic Illness? A Re-Examination of the Royal Free Epidemic of 1955.

Background and Objectives: Controversy exists over whether myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an organic disease or a psychosomatic illness. ME/CFS usually occurs as sporadic cases, but epidemics (outbreaks) have occurred worldwide. Myalgic encephalomyelitis was named to describe an outbreak affecting the lymphatic, muscular, and nervous systems that closed the Royal Free hospital for three months in 1955. Fifteen years later, two psychiatrists concluded that epidemic hysteria was the likely cause. ME/CFS research studies show multiple pathophysiological differences between patients and controls and a possible etiological role for infectious organisms, but the belief that ME/CFS is psychosomatic is widespread and has been specifically supported by the epidemic hysteria hypothesis for the Royal Free outbreak. Our objective was to obtain accounts from ex-Royal Free hospital staff who personally experienced the 1955 outbreak and evaluate evidence for it being an infectious illness versus epidemic hysteria. Materials and Methods: Statements in the newsletters of two organizations for staff who had worked at the Royal Free hospital invited anyone who had experienced the 1955 Royal Free outbreak to contact the authors. Accounts of the outbreak from telephone interviews and letters were evaluated against the "epidemic hysteria hypothesis" paper and original medical staff reports. Results: Twenty-seven ex-Royal Free hospital staff, including six who had developed ME, provided descriptions typical of an infectious illness affecting the lymphatic, muscular, and nervous systems, and were not consistent with epidemic hysteria. Conclusions: The 1955 Royal Free hospital epidemic of myalgic encephalomyelitis was an organic infectious disease, not psychogenic epidemic hysteria.

Afinal, onde está o falo? Os caminhos traçados por sua eterna busca / After all, where is the phallus? The paths traced by its eternal search / Al final, ¿dónde está el falo? Los caminos trazados por su eterna búsqueda? / Après tout, où est le phallus? Les chemins tracés par sa recherche éternelle

A histeria, primeira temática freudiana e força motriz do desenvolvimento da psicanálise, atualmente é vista como um "fenômeno de massa", que acompanha a crescente relevância da imagem pessoal. Pelo poder camaleônico da histeria, a renovação de suas construções é constante e, nos dias atuais, liga-se ao enorme papel das redes sociais na vida dos sujeitos. A virtualidade dessa nova forma de laço social nos convoca a pensar nos perfis on-line como verdadeiras construções identitárias, acompanhadas da aplicação de filtros para adequação aos padrões de beleza plena, e do aumento significativo das buscas por intervenções cirúrgicas no Brasil. A vida nas redes mostra aquilo que se deseja ser ao permitir a escolha dos conteúdos a serem publicados, tornando possível a tentativa de mascarar aquilo que falta e sustentar a ilusão de possuir um corpo completo, característica marcante da histeria. Dessa forma, no presente trabalho, nos propomos a discutir as apresentações histéricas não como uma patologia, mas como marcas da cultura atual.

Hysteria, the first Freudian theme and driving force in the development of psychoanalysis, is currently seen as a "mass phenomenon", which accompanies the growing relevance of personal image. Due to the chameleonic power of hysteria, the renovation of its constructions is constant and, nowadays, it is linked to the enormous role of social networks in the lives of subjects. The virtuality of this new form of social bond invites us to think of online profiles as true identity constructions, accompanied by the application of filters to adapt to the standards of full beauty, and the significant increase in searches for surgical interventions in Brazil. Life on the networks shows what you want to be by allowing the choice of content to be published, making it possible to attempt to mask what is missing and sustain the illusion of having a complete body, a hallmark of hysteria. Thus, in the present work, we propose to discuss hysterical presentations not as a pathology, but as marks of the current culture.

La histeria, primer tema freudiano y motor del desarrollo del psicoanálisis, actualmente se ve como un "fenómeno de masas", que acompaña la creciente relevancia de la imagen personal. Debido al poder camaleónico de la histeria, la renovación de sus construcciones es constante y, hoy en día, está ligada al enorme papel de las redes sociales en la vida de los sujetos. La virtualidad de esta nueva forma de vínculo social invita a pensar en los perfiles online como verdaderas construcciones de identidad, acompañados de la aplicación de filtros para adaptarse a los estándares de la belleza plena, y el aumento significativo de las búsquedas de intervenciones quirúrgicas en Brasil. La vida en las redes muestra lo que quieres ser al permitir la elección de los contenidos a publicar, lo que posibilita intentar enmascarar lo que falta y mantener la ilusión de tener un cuerpo completo, sello de la histeria. Así, en el presente trabajo nos proponemos discutir las presentaciones histéricas no como patología, sino como marcas de la cultura actual.

L'hystérie, premier thème freudien et moteur du développement de la psychanalyse, est actuellement perçue comme un « phénomène de masse ¼, qui accompagne la pertinence croissante de l'image personnelle. En raison de la capacité caméléonique de l'hystérie, la rénovation de ses constructions est constante et a été liée au grand rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la vie des gens. La virtualité de cette nouvelle façon de mettre en relation nous appelle à réfléchir sur les profils en ligne comme un type de construction identitaire, accompagnée de l'application de filtres pour s'adapter aux standards de beauté, mais aussi de l'augmentation significative des interventions chirurgicales au Brésil. La vie sur les réseaux montre ce que vous voulez être lors de la sélection du contenu publié. De cette manière, il permet de masquer ce qui manque au sujet, et d'entretenir l'illusion d'avoir un corps complet, marque d'hystérie. Dans cet article, nous proposons de discuter des présentations hystériques non pas comme une pathologie, mais comme une caractéristique de la culture actuelle.

Railway spine: The advent of compensation for concussive symptoms.

The introduction of railway transportation in Great Britain in the early-nineteenth century saw an increased frequency of trauma cases involving persisting symptoms without objective evidence of injury. In 1866, a prominent surgeon, Sir John Eric Erichsen, attributed such symptoms to concussion of the spine (popularized as "railway spine") that involved an organic pathology, inflammation of the spinal cord in the absence of spinal fracture, with potential psychological overlay. This was widely accepted within the medico-legal context throughout the 1870s, whereby passengers sought compensation for collision-related injuries. In 1883, a railway surgeon named Herbert William Page countered the assertion that many of Erichsen's cases likely had sustained direct physical injury to the spine, the cord, and/or the spinal nerves; and in cases without such injury, the symptoms were psychogenic, as in traumatic neurasthenia and/or hysteria. Similarities between Erichsen's and Page's medico-legal positions, such as conscious and unconscious forms of symptom exaggeration that would both resolve upon settlement of the case, ushered in the era of medical injury compensation.

Battey's operation as a treatment for hysteria: a review of a series of cases in the nineteenth century.

Ovarian resection as a treatment for hysteria, called 'Battey's operation' or 'normal ovariotomy', was performed in the nineteenth century. Battey later reported that the resected ovaries appeared to have 'cystic degeneration'. Currently, patients with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms are screened for teratomas for the differential diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. There is now a hypothesis that ovarian lesions resulting in paraneoplastic encephalitis were among the patients who underwent Battey's operation. We identified 94 published cases of Battey's operation for neuropsychiatric symptoms in the late nineteenth century. Among 36 cases with detailed descriptions, we found 3 patients who showed acute onset neuropsychiatric symptoms with macropathological ovarian findings that were compatible with teratoma. They showed favourable prognoses after surgery and might have motivated the surgeons to perform the operation.

Manifestations of hysteria in contemporaneity / Manifestações da histeria na contemporaneidade

RESUMO: Este artigo aborda as manifestações da histeria na contemporaneidade, retomando os conceitos de corpo e sintoma como construções subjetivas do sujeito psíquico, nos constructos de Freud e Lacan. Do corpo, nas neuroses clássicas, ao corpo nas neuroses hoje, surge a questão da diferença na apresentação dos sintomas neuróticos. Propomos o conceito de histeria rígida de Lacan para compreender os sintomas histéricos apresentados hoje, como formações do agenciamento de gozo do corpo pelo registro real, afastando-se das histerias clássicas freudianas de ordenamento simbólico. Esta modalidade histérica requer um tratamento clínico orientado pelo real, exigindo outras posições de escuta.

Abstract: This article addresses the manifestations of hysteria in the contemporary world retaking the concepts of body and symptom, as subjective constructions of the psychic subject, in the constructs of Freud and Lacan's theories. From the body, in the classic neuroses, to the body in the neuroses today, the question arises of the difference in the presentation of the neurotic symptoms. We propose the concept of Lacan's rigid hysteria to understand the hysterical symptoms presented today as formations of agency of enjoyment of the body by the real record, moving away from the classic Freudian hysteria of symbolic ordering. This hysterical modality requires a clinical treatment guided by the real registry, requiring other listening positions.

Histeria masculina: Os impasses na assunção da posição sexual / Male hysteria: The impasses in take on the sexual position / Histeria masculina: Los impasses en asumir la posición sexual

Dada a associação histórica da histeria com a mulher e sua relação com o feminino, muitos trabalhos buscam compreender os atravessamentos dessa posição subjetiva para a sexualidade da mulher. O presente artigo promove a urgência em discutir as implicações de sua incidência sobre os homens, anatomicamente falando. Sendo assim, visa discutir os efeitos da dinâmica da histeria para o homem, no que concerne à assunção da posição sexual. Para tanto, se tratando de uma pesquisa teórica, partiremos de um rastreamento dos textos de Freud e do primeiro ensino de Lacan, buscando referências sobre a histeria masculina e, sobretudo, considerações sobre casos de homens histéricos. Posteriormente, articularemos os aspectos destacados pelos autores com o que, na teoria psicanalítica, se apresenta como particular à posição masculina, tal como a relação com o significante falo, com a castração e a identificação simbólica, bem como os efeitos disso na dinâmica do desejo e da fantasia.(AU)

Given the historical association of hysteria with women and their relation to the feminine, many papers seek to understand the difficulty of this subjective position for women's sexuality. The present article promotes the urgency to discuss the implications of its incidence on men, anatomically speaking. Thus, this work aims to discuss the effects of the dynamics of hysteria for men, in its concerns to the sexual position assumption. For this, as it is a theoretical research, we will start with a screening of Freud's and Lacan's first period of teaching texts, looking for references of masculine hysteria and, mainly, considerations on cases of hysterical men. Subsequently, we will articulate the aspects highlighted by the authors, with which, in psychoanalytic theory, is presented as particular to the masculine position, such as the relation with the signifier phallus, with castration and symbolic identification, as well as its effects in the dynamics of the desire and fantasy.(AU)

Dada la asociación histórica de la histeria con la mujer y su relación con lo femenino, muchos trabajos buscan comprender los atravesamientos de esa posición subjetiva para la sexualidad de la mujer. El presente artículo, promueve la urgencia en discutir las implicaciones de su incidencia sobre los hombres, anatómicamente hablando. Por lo tanto, este trabajo trata de discutir los efectos de la dinámica de la histeria para el hombre, en lo que concierne a la asunción de la posición sexual. Para ello, si se trata de una investigación teórica, partiremos de un rastreo de los textos de Freud y de la primera enseñanza de Lacan, buscando referencias sobre la histeria masculina y, sobre todo, consideraciones sobre casos de hombres histéricos. En la teoría psicoanalítica, se presenta como particular a la posición masculina, tal como la relación con el significante falo, con la castración y la identificación simbólica, así como los efectos de ello en la dinámica del hombre, el deseo y la fantasía.(AU)

[Doctrine of psychopathies: K. Conrad's concept of constitutional types]. / Uchenie o psikhopatiiakh: kontseptsiia konstitutsional'nykh tipov K. Konrada.

The author analyzes K. Conrad's concept of constitutional types based on the suggested differences in ontogenetic development of picnic and leptosomic physique, athletics and asthenics and also dysplastics. K. Conrad's typology is compared with the typology of Italian school of clinical anthropometry and E. Kretschmer's concept of constitutions. K. Conrad's criteria for the division of primary and secondary constitutions are delineated, one of the basic criteria are set by the differences in the physique proportions and tissue development. The different physiological characteristics of picnic and leptosomic constitutions as well as their cardinal mental differences are described. The special description of mental characteristics of the asthenic-hypoplastic type and some dysplastic constitutions is presented. Manic-depressive psychosis is considered by K. Conrad as a diathesis because due to the conservative constitutional development the mental disease in picnics is capable for compensation, schizophrenia is related to the system diseases, the normal leptosomic constitution is a 'milieu' which contributes to the manifestation of schizophrenia due to the peculiarities of ontogenetic constitutional development designated by K. Conrad as propulsive. As a result of this, the disease leads to the defect.

O chamado do inconsciente: trans, assédio sexual: voltando à questão / The call of the unconscious: Trans, sexual harassment - returning to the question / El llamado del inconsciente: trans, acoso sexual - volviendo al tema / L'appel de l'inconscient: Trans, harcélement sexuel - revenant sur la question

A partir de sua experiência anterior com os temas trans e assédio sexual, a autora argumenta que o diálogo com a psicanálise sobre essas questões controversas e complexas de nosso tempo é tão desafiador quanto urgente. O que acontece quando tentamos introduzir o conceito de inconsciente na realidade de nossa vida política? Ou então quando reconhecemos o lugar do inconsciente nas identidades públicas que encorajamos, habitamos e defendemos? Ambas as questões, trans e assédio, nos confrontam com a questão da justiça social. O papel da psicanálise é sempre o de alertar sobre nossos sonhos de um mundo melhor ou talvez ela esteja bem no centro de nossa luta para alcançá-los?

Drawing on her previous engagement with the topics of trans and sexual harassment, Jacqueline Rose will argue in this lecture that the dialogue with psychoanalysis on both of these vexed, complex issues of our time, is as challenging as it continues to be urgent. What happens when we try to insert the concept of the unconscious into the reality of our political lives? Or rather, when we recognise the place of the unconscious in the public identities we foster, inhabit, and fight. Both trans and harassment confront us with the question of social justice. Is it always the role of psychoanalysis to issue a caution in relation to our dreams of a better world, or might it belong right at the heart of our struggle to attain it?

A partir de su anterior experiencia con los temas trans y acoso sexual, Jacqueline Rose argumentará en esta conferencia que el diálogo con el psicoanálisis sobre ambos asuntos controvertidos y complejos de nuestro tiempo, es tan desafiador como urgente. ¿Qué sucede cuando intentamos introducir el concepto de inconsciente en la realidad de nuestra vida política? O, cuando reconocemos el lugar del inconsciente en las identidades públicas nosotros alentamos, habitamos y luchamos. Ambos temas, trans y acoso, nos enfrentan a la cuestión de la justicia social. ¿El papel del psicoanálisis es siempre alertar sobre nuestros sueños de un mundo mejor o, tal vez, esté en el centro de nuestra lucha por alcanzarlos?

À partir de son expérience préalable avec les thèmes trans et d'harcelement sexuel, Jacquelinhe Rose argumentera, dans cette conférence, que le dialogue avec la psychanalyse, concernant ces deux questions controverses et complèxes de notre temps, c'est autant un défi d'importance qu'il est encore urgente. Ce que se passe-t-il lorsque nous essayons d'introduire le concepte de l'inconscient dans la réalité de notre vie politique? Ou encore, lorsque nous reconnaissons la place de l'inconscient dans les idéntités publiques nous encourageons, nous habitons et nous battons. Les deux questions, trans et harcelèment, nous confrontent avec la question de la justice social. Le rôle de la psychanalyse est toujours celui d'avertir à propos de nos rêves d'un monde meilleur ou, peut-être, elle se situe au bon milieu de notre lutte pour les atteindre.