Partial Treatment During BPPV Diagnostic Maneuvers.

This study examines a case of lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) where the sequence of diagnostic positional maneuvers may have influenced the release of some canaliths into the utricle. Partial treatment during BPPV diagnostic maneuvers may complicate side identification during supine roll test, especially in canalolithiasis cases.

Effects of starting one lung ventilation and applying individualized PEEP right after patients are placed in lateral decubitus position on intraoperative oxygenation for patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: For patients receiving one lung ventilation in thoracic surgery, numerous studies have proved the superiority of lung protective ventilation of low tidal volume combined with recruitment maneuvers (RM) and individualized PEEP. However, RM may lead to overinflation which aggravates lung injury and intrapulmonary shunt. According to CT results, atelectasis usually forms in gravity dependent lung regions, regardless of body position. So, during anesthesia induction in supine position, atelectasis usually forms in the dorsal parts of lungs, however, when patients are turned into lateral decubitus position, collapsed lung tissue in the dorsal parts would reexpand, while atelectasis would slowly reappear in the lower flank of the lung. We hypothesize that applying sufficient PEEP without RM before the formation of atelectasis in the lower flank of the lung may beas effective to prevent atelectasis and thus improve oxygenation as applying PEEP with RM. METHODS: A total of 84 patients scheduled for elective pulmonary lobe resection necessitating one lung ventilation will be recruited and randomized totwo parallel groups. For all patients, one lung ventilation is initiated the right after patients are turned into lateral decubitus position. For patients in the study group, individualized PEEP titration is started the moment one lung ventilation is started, while patients in the control group will receive a recruitment maneuver followed by individualized PEEP titration after initiation of one lung ventilation. The primary endpoint will be oxygenation index measured at T4. Secondary endpoints will include intrapulmonary shunt, respiratory mechanics, PPCs, and hemodynamic indicators. DISCUSSION: Numerous previous studies compared the effects of individualized PEEP applied alone with that applied in combination with RM on oxygenation index, PPCs, intrapulmonary shunt and respiratory mechanics after atelectasis was formed in patients receiving one lung ventilation during thoracoscopic surgery. In this study, we will apply individualized PEEP before the formation of atelectasis while not performing RM in patients allocated to the study group, and then we're going to observe its effects on the aspects mentioned above. The results of this trial will provide a ventilation strategy that may be conductive to improving intraoperative oxygenation and avoiding the detrimental effects of RM for patients receiving one lung ventilation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2400080682. Registered on February 5, 2024.

Rationale and study design for an Individualized PeriopeRative Open lung VEntilatory approach in Emergency Abdominal Laparotomy/scopy: study protocol for a prospective international randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are the most frequent postoperative complications, with an estimated prevalence in elective surgery ranging from 20% in observational cohort studies to 40% in randomized clinical trials. However, the prevalence of PPCs in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is not well defined. Lung-protective ventilation aims to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and reduce PPCs. The open lung approach (OLA), which combines recruitment manoeuvres (RM) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration, aims to minimize areas of atelectasis and the development of PPCs; however, there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that OLA can prevent PPCs. The purpose of this study is to compare an individualized perioperative OLA with conventional standardized lung-protective ventilation in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of intraoperative lung collapse. METHODS: Randomized international clinical trial to compare an individualized perioperative OLA (RM plus individualized PEEP and individualized postoperative respiratory support) with conventional lung-protective ventilation (standard PEEP of 5 cmH2O and conventional postoperative oxygen therapy) in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of lung collapse. Patients will be randomised to open-label parallel groups. The primary outcome is any severe PPC during the first 7 postoperative days, including: acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, weaning failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary infection. The estimated sample size is 732 patients (366 per group). The final sample size will be readjusted during the interim analysis. DISCUSSION: The Individualized Perioperative Open-lung Ventilatory Strategy in emergency abdominal laparotomy (iPROVE-EAL) is the first multicentre, randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether an individualized perioperative approach prevents PPCs in patients undergoing emergency surgery.

The efficacy of non-pharmacological and non-pacing therapies in preventing vasovagal syncope: Tilt training, physical counter pressure maneuvers, and yoga - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a prevalent condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate, leading to a brief loss of consciousness and postural control. Recurrent episodes of VVS significantly impact the quality of life and are a common reason for emergency department visits. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as tilt training, physical counter pressure maneuvers, and yoga, have been proposed as potential treatments for VVS. However, their efficacy in preventing VVS remains uncertain. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to March 2023 for randomized controlled trials comparing non-pharmacological interventions with control in preventing VVS recurrence. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate of VVS episodes. RESULTS: A total of 1130 participants from 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall mean effect size for non-pharmacological interventions versus control was 0.245 (95 % CI: 0.128-0.471, p-value <0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that yoga had the largest effect size (odds ratio 0.068, 95 % CI: 0.018-0.250), while tilt training had the lowest effect size (odds ratio 0.402, 95 % CI: 0.171-0.946) compared to control. Physical counter pressure maneuvers demonstrated an odds ratio of 0.294 (95 % CI: 0.165-0.524) compared to control. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions show promise in preventing recurrent VVS episodes. Yoga, physical counter pressure maneuvers, and tilt training can be considered as viable treatment options. Further research, including randomized studies comparing pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these interventions for VVS treatment.

Distocia em éguas ­ Estudo retrospectivo de cinco casos / Dystocia in mares ­ Retrospective study of five cases

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo de cinco casos de cesarianas em éguas, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, campus Umuarama (HVGA-UEM), no período de 2019 a 2021, em quatro éguas da raça Quarto de Milha e uma da Crioula, com queixa principal de parto prolongado e distocias por diferentes motivos. Destes, três casos (60%) tiveram alta médica (3/5), enquanto 40% (2/5) em consequência de complicações pós-operatórias e pela gravidade do quadro clínico evoluíram para o óbito. As distocias são raras em éguas, quando comparados com outras espécies e, essa particularidade, pode ser justificada pela conformação anatômica do sistema reprodutivo e a classificação placentária das éguas, que propiciam contrações rápidas e efetivas facilitando a progressão do parto normal. Dessa forma, nos casos de distocia, em que as manobras obstétricas são incapazes de corrigir o mau posicionamento fetal, a cesariana passa a ser o procedimento de eleição, no presente estudo, nenhuma égua apresentou dilatação suficiente para que fosse conduzida a fetotomia. Como medida complementar, norteada pelos princípios de bem-estar animal, foi sugerido aos proprietários, que não colocassem esses animais na estação reprodutiva seguinte, restringindo-se a sua utilização somente como doadoras de embriões. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a sobrevida das éguas submetidas a cesariana é de 60% nas condições deste estudo, o monitoramento das éguas gestantes é um fator determinante sobre os índices de mortalidade materno-fetal.

The objective of this study was to make a descriptive analysis of 5 cases of caesarean sections in mares. The five reported cases were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Maringa, campus Umuarama (HVGA-UEM), from 2019 to 2021. Four Quarter Horse mares and one Crioula, complaining of prolonged delivery and dystocia due to different reasons. Of these, three cases were discharged 60% (3/5), while the other three 40% (2/5), due to postoperative complications and the severity of the clinical condition, progressed to death. Dystocia births are rare in mares, when compared to other species, this particularity, can be justified by the anatomical conformation of the reproductive system and the placental classification of mares, which provide rapid and effective contractions, which facilitate the progression of normal or eutocia birth. Thus, in cases of dystocia in mares, those in which obstetric maneuvers are unable to correct fetal malposition, cesarean section becomes the emergency procedure of choice. As a complementary measure, guided by the principles of animal welfare, owners were suggested not to place these animals in the next reproductive season, restricting their use only as embryo donors. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the survival of mares undergoing cesarean is 60% under the conditions of this study, uses had no vital signs at the time of the procedure and/or evolved to death during the post-surgical period immediate.

Conditions for Insertion of the Laryngeal Mask Airway in an Innovative Method vs the Classic Method.

Background: A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a simple and non-invasive device used to establish the airway and maintain ventilation and oxygenation during short-duration medical procedures. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the placement of an LMA using an innovative technique vs the classic method. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Faiz Hospital in Isfahan. Out of 110 candidates for elective eye surgery, 10 patients were excluded from the study as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 100 patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 50 each. One group underwent LMA insertion using the classic method, while the other group underwent insertion using the face-to-face triple maneuver technique (FFTMT). Data, including laryngeal mask insertion conditions, hemodynamic responses, and clinical complications, were collected, entered into SPSS version 26, and analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of laryngeal mask placement time (P = 0.061), number of attempts to place the LMA (P = 0.059), oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP; P = 0.942), frequency of hoarseness (P > 0.99), or laryngospasm (P > 0.99). However, it is noteworthy that FFTMT appeared to provide easier placement of the LMA (P < 0.0001), required fewer attempts, and offered better quality of ventilation with a lower presence of blood on the cuff (P = 0.038). Conversely, the FFTMT group had a higher frequency of sore throat (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The performance of LMA using FFTMT is comparable to the classic method. In procedures under general anesthesia where the surgeon has access to the patient's head and neck (such as cataract surgery), airway management with LMA using FFTMT (while maintaining the patient's sterile covering) appears to be effective in case of an emergency.

Laringoespasmo reflejo en cirugía urológica pediátrica / Reflex laryngospasm in pediatric urologic surgery

Introducción: El laringoespasmo es una complicación temida por los anestesiólogos. Se asocia a broncoespasmo, hipoxia, arritmias, aspiración del contenido gástrico y paro cardiaco. Es más frecuente en neonatos y lactantes. Está estrechamente vinculado al tipo de cirugía y consiste en un cierre intenso y prolongado de la glotis en respuesta a la estimulación glótica directa o refleja. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento del laringoespasmo parcial reflejo en un paciente pediátrico durante una intervención urológica. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 18 meses de edad al cual se le realiza meatotomía. Durante la cirugía presenta laringoespasmo parcial reflejo tratado con maniobras físicas. Sin la necesidad de usar medicamento ni vía área mecánica. Conclusiones: Las maniobras utilizadas son seguras y efectivas en el tratamiento del laringoespasmo reflejo sin la necesidad de abordar la vía aérea ni uso de medicamentos, se lograron resultados satisfactorios con una relación riesgo beneficio a favor del paciente(AU)

Introduction: Laryngospasm is a complication feared by anesthesiologists. It is associated with bronchospasm, hypoxia, arrhythmias, aspiration of gastric contents, and cardiac arrest. It is more common among neonates and infants. It is closely related to the type of surgery and consists in an intense and prolonged closure of the glottis in response to direct or reflex glottic stimulation. Objective: To describe the management of reflex partial laryngospasm in a pediatric patient during a urological intervention. Case presentation: 18-month-old patient who received meatotomy. During surgery, he presented reflex partial laryngospasm managed with physical maneuvers, without the need to use medication or the mechanic airways ventilation. Conclusions: The maneuvers used are safe and effective for the management of reflex laryngospasm without the need to address the airway or using of medications. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved with a risk-benefit ratio in favor of the patient(AU)

Vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno: factores de riesgo asociados y eficacia de las maniobras de reposición / Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: associated risk factors and efficacy of particle repositioning maneuvers

INTRODUCCIÓN: El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es el vértigo periférico más frecuente. El tratamiento depende del compromiso de los canales semicirculares (CSC) y/o cúpulas, y consiste en maniobras de reposición de partículas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados al VPPB en pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de la Red de Salud UC Christus. Evaluar la tasa de éxito de las maniobras de reposición. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo. Se revisaron casos de VPPB con indicación de maniobras de reposición durante los años 2016-2017. Se obtuvo información demográfica, antecedentes médicos, la maniobra realizada y su éxito. Se evaluaron comorbilidades y temporada del año. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 195 consultas, realizándose 293 maniobras. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron mujeres (74%) con edad promedio de 63 años. Comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión, dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus. El 20% presentó una hipofunción vestibular concomitante, 23% presentó antecedentes de VPPB y 8% compromiso bilateral. Canalolitiasis del CSC posterior fue predominante (90%). En el 77,3% se resuelve el caso con una maniobra. Los casos fueron más frecuentes en primavera y otoño. CONCLUSIONES: El VPPB fue más frecuente en mujeres, con una edad promedio de 63 años. La mayoría presentó canalolitiasis unilateral lográndose resolución con una maniobra de reposición.

INTRODUCTION: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. The treatment depends on the semicircular canal (SCC) and/or cupula involved and consists of particle repositioning maneuvers. AIM: Analyze risk factors associated with BPPV for patients seen at the otorhinolaryngology department of the UC Christus health center. Evaluate the success rate of the repositioning maneuvers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study. All cases of BPPV for which a repositioning maneuver was prescribed during the years 2016-2017 were reviewed. Data obtained includes demographics, medical history, maneuver performed, and its success rate. Comorbidities and seasonality were evaluated. RESULTS: 195 cases were included; with 293 maneuvers. The majority were women (74%), and the average age was 63 years. Common comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Concurrently, 20% had unilateral vestibular hypofunction, 23% had a history of BPPV, and 8% had bilateral involvement. Posterior SCC canalithiasis was most common (90%). In 77.3%, the case was resolved with one maneuver. Cases were most frequent in the spring and autumn season. CONCLUSION: BPPV was more common in women with an average age of 63 years. The majority of patients presented with unilateral canalithiasis obtaining a complete recovery with a single maneuver.

Monitorización de la capacidad residual funcional en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda grave. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Monitoring of residual functional capacity in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case report and review of the literature / Monitorização da capacidade residual funcional em pacientes com SDRA grave. Apresentação de um caso e revisão da literatura

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino en la quinta década de vida con diagnóstico de tumoración renal. Fue ingresado a cirugía para embolización selectiva de arteria renal ipsilateral al sitio de la lesión tumoral. Durante el periodo transoperatorio se presentó hemorragia masiva, por lo cual recibió múltiples transfusiones y se ingresó al área de terapia intensiva. Se documentó lesión renal aguda (AKIN III) y desarrollo de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) grave de acuerdo con los Criterios de Berlín 2012. Se propusieron métodos no convencionales de ventilación entre los cuales la ventilación mecánica inversa, ventilación con liberación de presión (APRV)/bilateral y ventilación controlada a volumen y regulada a presión (PRVC) no mostraron mejoría. Se decidió cambio de estrategia a reclutamiento guiado por la capacidad residual funcional (CRF). Se observó una mejoría en los parámetros de ventilación y niveles de fracción de oxígeno inspirado (FiO2) y evolución grave con desarrollo de pancreatitis y sangrado que requirió intervención quirúrgica con posterior deceso del paciente. Se realiza presentación del caso así como de la revisión de la literatura para maniobras de reclutamiento guiado por CRF.

Abstract: We report the case of a male patient of the 5th decade of life with a diagnosis of renal tumor. Is entered surgery for selective embolization of renal artery ipsilateral to the site of the tumor lesion. During Trans operative, presented massive bleeding, receiving multiple transfusions, requiring admission to intensive care unit. Acute kidney injury (AKIN III) was documented, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development according to criteria of Berlin 2012. Unconventional modes of ventilation among which were reverse ventilation, bi-level (APRV) and PRVC were used without improvement. It was decided to change recruitment strategy led by FRC in view, with improved ventilation parameters and levels of FiO2. Poor outcome with subsequent development of pancreatitis and bleeding requiring reoperation with subsequent death of the patient. Case presentation and review of the literature for recruitment maneuvers guided by FRC in view is performed.

Resumo: Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino na quinta década de vida com um diagnóstico de tumor renal. É admitido a cirurgia para embolização seletiva da artéria renal ipsilateral no local da lesão tumoral. Durante o período transoperatório, apresenta uma hemorragia profusa, pelo que recebeu múltiplas transfusões, e foi admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva. Documenta-se insuficiência renal aguda (AKI lll) e o desenvolvimento de SDRA grave de acordo com critérios de Berlim 2012. Proporciona-se métodos não convencionais de ventilação, entre os quais estavam a ventilação mecânica inversa, ventilação com liberação de pressão (APRV)/bilateral e ventilação controlada a volume e regulada para pressão (PRVC) sem melhoria. Determina-se a mudança de estratégia de recrutamento guiado pela capacidade residual funcional (CRF). Apresenta uma melhoria nos parâmetros de ventilação e níveis da fração de oxigênio inspirado (FiO2). Evolução grave com subsequente desenvolvimento de pancreatite e sangrando, necessitou de intervenção cirurgica, com posterior morte do paciente. É feita apresentação do caso, bem como a revisão da literatura para manobras de recrutamento guiado pelo CRF.

The influence of airway supporting maneuvers on glottis view in pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy / A influência das manobras de suporte das vias aéreas sobre a visibilidade da glote em fibrobroncoscopia pediátrica

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:Flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy is a valuable intervention for evaluation and management of respiratory diseases in both infants, pediatric and adult patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the airway supporting maneuvers on glottis view during pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this randomized, controlled, crossover study; patients aged between 0 and 15 years who underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure having American Society of Anesthesiologists I---II risk score were included. Patients having risk of difficult intubation, intubated or patients with tracheostomy, and patients with reduced neck mobility or having cautions for neck mobility were excluded from this study. After obtaining best glottic view at the neutral position, patients were positioned jaw trust with open mouth, jaw trust with teeth prottution, head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers and best glottis scores were recorded.RESULTS:Total of 121 pediatric patients, 57 girls and 64 boys, were included in this study. Both jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers improved the glottis view compared with neutral position (p < 0.05), but we did not observe any difference between jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers (p > 0.05). Head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers improved glottis view when compared with both jaw trust with open mouth and jaw trust with teeth prottution maneuvers and neutral position (p < 0.05); however we found no differences between head tilt chin lift and triple airway maneuvers (p > 0.05).

RESUMOINTRODUÇÃO: A broncofibroscopia flexível (BF) é uma valiosa intervenção para o manejo eavaliação de doenças respiratórias em pacientes tanto pediátricos quanto adultos. O obje-tivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência das manobras de apoio das vias aéreas sobre avisibilidade da glote durante a BF pediátrica.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo cruzado, randômico e controlado, incluindo pacientes com idadesentre 0-15 anos, ASA I-II, que foram submetidos à BF. Pacientes com risco de intubação difí-cil, entubados ou com traqueostomia e aqueles com mobilidade reduzida do pescoço ou queexigissem cuidados para a mobilidade do pescoço foram excluídos do estudo. Depois de obter amelhor visibilidade da glote na posição neutra, os pacientes foram posicionados com elevaçãoda mandíbula e abertura da aberta (EMBA), com elevação da mandíbula e protrusão dos dentes(EMPD), com inclinação da cabeça elevação do queixo (ICEQ) e com a tripla manobra das viasaéreas (TMVA). Os melhores escores da glote foram registrados.RESULTADOS: No total, 121 pacientes pediátricos foram incluídos no estudo: 57 pacientes do sexofeminino e 64 do sexo masculino. Ambos as manobras EMBA e EMPD melhoraram a visibilidadeda glote em comparação com a posição neutra (p < 0,05), mas não observamos diferença entreas manobras EMBA e EMPD (p > 0,05). As manobras ICEQ e TMVA melhoraram a visibilidade daglote em comparação com as manobras EMBA e EMPD e a posição neutra (p < 0,05); porém, nãoencontramos diferenças entre a ICEQ e a TMVA (p > 0,05).CONCLUSÃO: Todas as manobras de acesso às vias aéreas melhoraram a visibilidade da glotedurante a BF pediátrica; porém, a inclinação da cabeça e elevação do queixo e a tripla manobradas vias aéreas foram consideradas as manobras mais eficazes.

Horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: diagnosis and treatment of 37 patients / Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna do canal horizontal: diagnóstico e tratamento de 37 pacientes

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most frequent cause of vertigo is associated with high morbidity in the elderly population. The most common form is linked to debris in the posterior semicircular canal. However, there has been an increasing number of reported BPPV cases involving the horizontal canals. The purpose of this article is to highlight the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in 37 patients with horizontal canal BPPV; twenty-six with geotropic nystagmus, and eleven with the apogeotropic form. Treatment consisted of the Gufoni manoeuver in eighteen patients (48.6%), the barbecue 360° maneuver in twelve patients (32.4%), both manoeuvers in four patients (10.8%), both manoeuvers plus head shaking in one patient (2.7%), and the Gufoni maneuver plus head shaking in two patients. Cupulolithiasis patients were asked to sleep in a forced prolonged position. We obtained a complete resolution of vertigo and nystagmus in 30 patients (81.0%) on the initial visit.

Vertigem posicional paroxística benigna (VPPB) é a causa mais frequente de vertigem e promove alta morbidade na população idosa. A forma mais comum está relacionada com otoconias no canal semicircular posterior. Entretanto, nos últimos anos identifica-se cada vez mais casos de VPPB dos canais horizontais. Os principais objetivos deste artigo são destacar as características clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamentos aplicados em 37 pacientes com VPPB do canal horizontal; vinte e seis com nistagmo geotrópico, e onze com nistagmo apogeotrópico. O tratamento consistiu na manobra de Gufoni em dezoito pacientes (48,6%) manobra do churrasco 360° em doze pacientes (32,4%) ambas as manobras em quatro pacientes (10,8%) ambas as manobras mais a manobra de sacudir a cabeça (MSC) em um paciente (2,7%), e manobra de Gufoni mais MSC em dois pacientes (2,7%). Pacientes com cupulolitíase dormiram uma noite na posição forçada prolongada. Em 30 pacientes (81,0%) o sucesso terapêutico ocorreu na primeira consulta.

Proposal Intensity Adequacy of Expiratory Effort and Heart Rate Behavior During the Valsalva Maneuver in Preadolescents / Proposta de Adequação da Intensidade do Esforço Expiratório e Comportamento da Frequência Cardíaca Durante a Manobra de Valsalva em Pré-Adolescentes

Background: When performing the Valsalva maneuver (VM), adults and preadolescents produce the same expiratory resistance values. Objective: To analyze heart rate (HR) in preadolescents performing VM, and propose a new method for selecting expiratory resistance. Method: The maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was measured in 45 sedentary children aged 9-12 years who subsequently performed VM for 20 s using an expiratory pressure of 60%, 70%, or 80% of MEP. HR was measured before, during, and after VM. These procedures were repeated 30 days later, and the data collected in the sessions (E1, E2) were analyzed and compared in periods before, during (0-10 and 10-20 s), and after VM using nonparametric tests. Results: All 45 participants adequately performed VM in E1 and E2 at 60% of MEP. However, only 38 (84.4%) and 25 (55.5%) of the participants performed the maneuver at 70% and 80% of MEP, respectively. The HR delta measured during 0-10 s and 10-20 s significantly increased as the expiratory effort increased, indicating an effective cardiac autonomic response during VM. However, our findings suggest the VM should not be performed at these intensities. Conclusion: HR increased with all effort intensities tested during VM. However, 60% of MEP was the only level of expiratory resistance that all participants could use to perform VM. Therefore, 60% of MEP may be the optimal expiratory resistance that should be used in clinical practice. .

Fundamento: Durante a manobra de Valsalva (MV), os valores de resistência expiratória utilizados por adultos são os mesmos aplicados em pré-adolescentes. Objetivo: Analisar as respostas da frequência cardíaca (FC) de pré-adolescentes durante a MV e propor nova metodologia para eleição da resistência expiratória. Métodos: Submeteram-se 45 pré-adolescentes com idades entre 9 e 12 anos à avaliação das pressões expiratórias máximas (PEmáx). Valores de 60%, 70% e 80% dessas PEmáx foram selecionados para ser aplicados nas MV, mantidas por 20 s. Batimentos cardíacos foram registrados antes, durante e após a manobra. Trinta dias após, todos os procedimentos foram repetidos, e os dados da primeira (A1) e da segunda (A2) avaliações foram comparados. As análises foram feitas com testes não paramétricos, destacando-se os momentos antes, durante (0-10 s e 10-20 s) e após as manobras. Resultados: Os 45 pré-adolescentes conseguiram realizar adequadamente a manobra à resistência de 60% da PEmáx, enquanto apenas 38 (84,4%) e 25 (55,5%) a realizaram com resistências de 70% e 80% da PEmáx, respectivamente. Os deltas de FC 0-10 s e 10-20 s, calculados durante o esforço, foram significativamente maiores quanto maior foi o esforço expiratório, revelando efetiva resposta autonômica cardíaca durante a manobra. Entretanto, o estudo sugere que essas intensidades não devam ser empregadas. Conclusão: A FC se elevou em todas as intensidades de esforço testadas durante a MV, porém somente quando foi realizada com resistência expiratória de 60% da PEmáx é que todos os participantes conseguiram realizá-la, sugerindo ser a intensidade ideal para ser empregada na prática clínica. .

Honeydew foraging by birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Honeydew foraging by birds has been extensively documented in recent years. However, this interaction has been poorly documented in Brazil, with predominance of few species of birds foraging only in Mimosa scabrella trees. With the objective of describing the behavior of birds interacting with scale insects associated with trees, we conducted a study at the Serra de São José, Tiradentes, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Observations were recorded from June to July 2012. We observed 13 species of birds feeding on honeydew scale insects, eight never previously recorded. We observed individuals using aerial and surface maneuvers to collect the honeydew on the branches or reaching the droppings below the branches. These species were observed foraging individually, in pairs and also in large groups. Our results suggest that honeydew excretion from scale insects associated with Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya trees represents an important energy source for local birds as observed in fragments of Atlantic Forest in the Minas Gerais State, southeast region of Brazil.

O uso de excreções líquidas açucaradas por aves tem sido amplamente divulgado nos últimos anos. No entanto, estudos acerca desta interação são escassos no Brasil, sendo que os poucos existentes relatam apenas algumas espécies de aves forrageando a excreção de insetos presentes em uma única espécie de árvore (Mimosa scabrella). Com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento de aves interagindo com insetos excretores de líquidos açucarados associados com árvores, nós conduzimos um estudo na Serra de São José, município de Tiradentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Nossas observações foram feitas de Junho a Julho de 2012 e 13 espécies de aves foram registradas forrageando a excreção, sendo que oito delas nunca haviam sido anteriormente registradas envolvidas neste tipo de interação. Nós observamos indivíduos usando manobras aéreas e na superfície das árvores para coletar a excreção nos galhos ou alcançar gotículas debaixo dos troncos. Estas espécies foram observadas forrageando individualmente, em pares ou em grandes grupos. Nossos resultados sugerem que a excreção açucarada excretada por insetos associados com árvores mamica-de-porca (Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya), representa uma importante fonte de energia para as aves, conforme observado em fragmentos de mata Atlântica no Estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil.

Correlação da técnica bottom turn com as notas atribuídas no surf de alto rendimento / Correlation of the bottom turn technique with the scores attributed in high performance surfing

As competições de surf no cenário mundial têm apresentado um alto e homogêneo nível de desempenho entre os atletas. Assim, atentou-se à hipótese de que o bottom turn (BT), curva na base da onda essencial para a construção de manobras subsequentes, pode afetar os resultados alcançados em baterias de surf de alto rendimento. O estudo teve como objetivo quantificar o tempo que os atletas levam na execução de BT em suas ondas e correlacioná-lo com as notas atribuídas. A amostra foi composta por quatro eventos do World Tour de Surf, sendo avaliadas 4 baterias de cada evento, perfazendo um total de 16 baterias investigadas. A análise de cada BT foi realizada por meio do recurso de corte de vídeo disponível no programa Sony Vegas Pro 10.0. A análise estatística foi implementada no software SPSS 18.0, sendo calculado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de p < 0,01. Resultados: os índices de correlação encontrados apontam que há associação entre as variáveis para 87,5% dos casos. Pode-se concluir que o alargamento da curva na base da onda (BT) pode maximizar o potencial de rendimento dos surfistas, sugerindo que o BT é um aspecto técnico fundamental na construção de manobras subsequentes que se adéquam aos critérios de julgamento desta modalidade.

The surf contests worldwide have presented a high and homogeneous level of performance by the athletes. Thus, the hypothesis that the bottom turn (BT), curve on the base of the wave which is essential to the construction of subsequent maneuvers, might influence the results in high performance competitions. The objective of this study was to quantify the time taken in the execution of the BT by the athletes and correlate it to the scores awarded. The research sample was composed of four contests of the Surfing World Tour. Four heats of each contest were assessed, in a total of sixteen heats studied. The analysis of each BT was performed by using the video split feature available in the Sony Vegas Pro 10.0 software. The statistic analysis was performed with the software SPSS 18.0. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated with a significance level of p<0.01. According to the correlations, there was an association between the variables for 87.5% of the cases. Results show that the increase of the curve in the base of the wave (BT) can maximize the performance potential of the surfers, suggesting that BT is a fundamental technical aspect in the construction of subsequent maneuvers that suit the judging criteria of this category.

Combinación de maniobras quirúrgicas útiles para optimizar la sutura vascular / Combined useful surgical maneuvers to optimize the vascular suture

Se informan 3 maniobras quirúrgicas conjuntas para realizar accesos vasculares para hemodiálisis (n= 270) y trasplantes renales (n= 54) desde septiembre de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2008. Estas son: aplicación de compás goniométrico para optimizar afrontamiento de los vasos a suturar, práctica de punto de anclaje para la eversión de la pared posterior en la sutura vascular y sustitución de presillas por ligaduras de goma en la cirugía vascular. La práctica sistemática de estas maniobras permitió incrementar la efectividad de los accesos vasculares en el 20 por ciento y disminuir las complicaciones vasculares y los trasplantes renales a la mitad de los reportados anteriormente, en beneficio de la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes

Three combined surgical maneuvers to create vascular approach for hemodialysis (n = 270) and renal transplantation (n = 54) from September, 2000 to December, 2008 including the use of a goniometer compass to optimize the facing of vessel to be sutured, practice of anchorage point for eversion of posterior wall in the vascular suture and replacement of clips for gum ligatures in vascular surgery. The systemic practice of these maneuvers allowed to increase the effectiveness of the vascular approaches in a 20 percent and to decrease the vascular complications and the renal transplantation to the half of those previously reported for the good of the survival and the quality of life of the patients

Análisis de las maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar aplicadas en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo / Analysis of the alveolar recruitment maneuvers of applications in the intensive care units seven / Análise das manobras de recrutamento alveolar aplicadas em sete unidades de cuidado intensivo

Introducción: En los últimos años las maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar (MR) han despertado un interés creciente por su potencial beneficio en la protección pulmonar y se han ido introduciendo en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Describir y analizar los conocimientos sobre las MR y su aplicación en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de la ciudad de Cali - Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra intencional de 64 profesionales que laboran en siete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de Cali y aplican las MR. La encuesta auto-administrada constaba de trece preguntas y el periodo de aplicación fue de dos meses. Resultados: De los 64 encuestados el 77,8% sigue una guía o protocolo para realizar las MR; el 54,7% utiliza durante la MR un nivel de Presión Positiva al Final de la Espiración (PEEP) ideal que asegure una saturación > de 90% y PaO2 > de 60 mmHg; el 42,1% acepta presiones en la vía aérea entre 35 y 50 cmH2O; el 48,4% realiza las MR con aumento progresivo de la PEEP y bajo volumen corriente. Conclusiones: Se encontró heterogeneidad en las respuestas relacionadas con el conocimiento de las MR. No existe en la actualidad un consenso acerca de cuál es la forma más eficaz y segura de aplicar una MR. Este estudio puede ser el punto de partida para un llamado de atención a la revisión de los conocimientos, competencias y habilidades que se requieren para realizar las MR.

Introduction: For the past years, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (RM) have originated a growing interest due to their beneficial potential in pulmonary protection, and have been introduced in clinical practice. Objective: Describe and analyze the knowledge of the MR and its application in seven intensive care units in the city of Cali, Colombia. Method and materials: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study with an intentional sample of 64 professionals working in seven intensive care units and apply MR. The self-completed survey was made up of thirteen questions, and the application period was two months. Results: To perform RM, of 64 professionals survey, 77.8% of the healthcare providers that were polled follow a protocol guide, in which 54.7% answered that during RM the ideal Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the one which maintains a saturation > 90% and a PaO2 > 60 mmHg; 42.1% tolerates airway pressures between 35 and 50 cmH2O; 48.4% perform RM with a progressive increase of the PEEP and a low tidal volume. Conclusions: Regarding the knowledge related to RM, heterogeneity was found in the answers. There is currently no consensus about which is the most effective and secure way to implement an MR. This study can be the starting point to create awareness towards the revision of knowledge, capacities and abilities that are required to perform RM.

Introdução: Nos últimos anos as manobras de recrutamento alveolar (MR) têm despertado um interesse crescente por seu potencial benéfico na proteção pulmonar e têm-se ido introduzindo na prática clínica. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os conhecimentos sobre as MR e sua aplicação em sete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo da cidade de Cali - Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com uma amostra intencional de 64 profissionais que trabalham em sete Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo de Cali e aplicam as MR. A enquête auto-administrada constava de treze perguntas e o período de aplicação foi de sois meses. Resultados: Dos 64 pesquisados o 77,8% segue uma guia ou protocolo para realizar as MR; o 54,7% utiliza durante a MR um nível de Pressão Expiratória Positiva Final (PEEP) ideal que segure uma saturação > de 90% e PaO2 > de 60 mmHg; o 42,1% aceita pressões na via aérea entre 35 e 50 cmH2O; o 48,4% realiza as MR com aumento progressivo da PEEP e sob o volume corrente. Conclusões: Se encontrou heterogeneidade nas respostas relacionadas com o conhecimento das MR. Não existe na atualidade um consenso acerca de qual é a forma mais eficaz e segura de aplicar uma MR. Este estudo pode ser o ponto de partida para um chamado de atenção à revisão dos conhecimentos, competências e habilidades que se requerem para realizar as MR.

Síndrome de Raynaud secundario: disminución del flujo sanguíneo de la piel entre los episodios isquémicos y prolongación de la vasoconstricción con las maniobras respiratorias / Secondary Raynaud's syndrome: skin blood flow decrease between the ischemic episodes and prolongation of the vasoconstriction during the respiratory maneuvers

El síndrome de Raynaud se caracteriza por isquemia cutánea digital episódica, manifestada por palidez, cianosis y rubor de los dedos de manos y pies expuestos al frío o cuando el paciente está sujeto a un estrés emocional. No se conoce el mecanismo fisiopatológico exacto; la hipótesis más invocada es una alteración autonómica en la inervación simpática de los vasos sanguíneos de la piel. Objetivo: Estudiar los cambios de la frecuencia cardíaca y el flujo sanguíneo de la piel (FSP) en sujetos sanos y en pacientes con síndrome de Raynaud durante las siguientes condiciones: 1. respiración espontánea (RE), 2. respiración rítmica (RR), 3. inspiración profunda repentina (IPR), 4. maniobra de Valsalva (MV). Método: Se estudiaron 22 sujetos sanos y 22 pacientes con síndrome de Raynaud secundario. Las variables medidas fueron: 1. intervalo R-R; 2. amplitud de FSP; 3. porcentaje de disminución de FSP; 4. latencia de la máxima disminución del FSP. Resultados: Los pacientes con síndrome de Raynaud presentaron mayor taquicardia basal. La amplitud del FSP se encontró disminuido durante la respiración espontánea y durante las maniobras respiratorias (P < 0.001). La vasoconstricción estuvo prolongada ya que la latencia promedio de recuperación del FSP estuvo prolongada en IPR y MV en comparación de los sujetos controles. Conclusión: La amplitud del FSP basal está disminuida en los pacientes con síndrome de Raynaud, durante períodos asintomáticos; esto sugiere daño endotelial. También se encontró disminuido con las diversas maniobras respiratorias (RR, IPR y MV). Este cambio dinámico sugiere hiperactividad simpática hacia los vasos sanguíneos de la piel.

The Raynaud's syndrome is an episodic skin ischemia manifested by pallor, cyanosis and erythema of the fingers in response to cold or emotional stress. The exact pathophysiology is unknown but it has been hypothetised that may be due to an autonomic alteration in the sympathetic innervation of skin blood vessels. Objective: To study the changes of heart rate and skin bloodflow (SBF) in healthy subjects and in patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome during different respiratory maneuvers: 1. spontaneous respiration; 2. rhythmic respirations (RR), 3. sudden inspirations (SI), and 4. Valsalva maneuver (VM). Methods: We studied 22 healthy subjects and 22 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome. The variables measured were: 1) RR intervals; 2) amplitudes of SBF; 3) percentage of decrease of SBF; 4) latency of the maximum decrease of SBF. Results: In all patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome the SBF was decreased basally during spontaneous respirations and during all respiratory maneuvers (p < 0.001). The mean latency of recovery of the SBF was prolonged during sudden deep inspiration. The patients with Raynaud also had significant basal tachycardia at rest (p < 0.003). Conclusions: The basal skin blood flow during spontaneous respirations and in asymptomatic periods is decreased in patients with Raynaud's syndrome; this may be related to endothelial arterioral damage. The SBF was also significantly decreased dynamically during sudde3n inspirations (SI), rhythmic breathing (RR) and Valsalva maneuver (VM). This dynamic change suggests sympathetic hyperactivity.