Extravert Surgical Resident Applicants Get Higher 360-Degree Evaluations From Coworkers.

INTRODUCTION: 360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position. METHODS: Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality. RESULTS: Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found. CONCLUSIONS: Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment.

Personality Profiles Associated with Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery: 24-Month Follow-Up.

(1) Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is highly effective for treating severe obesity in the long term. However, studies investigating predictors and personality profiles linked to BS success yield inconsistent results due to varying methodologies and limited research. This paper aims to identify personality profiles associated with BS success. (2) Method: The study involved 67 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, evaluated through clinical and personality measures. Weight loss was monitored at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Hierarchical case cluster analysis and iterative k-means cluster analysis identified distinct groups based on excess body mass index loss (%EBL) at these intervals. ANOVA was employed to compare personality profiles between groups. (3) Results: Average weight loss after 24 months was 67.2%. Two success profiles emerged: 46.5% showed very good success, achieving 90% EBL in 24 months, while 55% in the second cluster had less than 40% EBL throughout follow-up. The successful profile correlated with greater self-efficacy and improved emotional adjustment. (4) Conclusions: Successful BS outcomes were linked to personality traits promoting sustained weight loss post-surgery.

Personalidad en adolescentes de la ciudad del Alto en periodo de pandemia por covid -19

Este artículo describe los perfiles de personalidad de 95 adolescentes de la ciudad del Alto de La Paz. Los datos surgen del proceso empírico realizado en periodo de emergencia sanitaria por la pandemia por COVID -19. Los adolescentes en este contexto buscan nuevas e innovadoras maneras de afrontar esta realidad. Para eso se proyectan a partir de sus cualidades, habilidades, competencias y características que permiten la búsqueda de un proyecto de vida o la elección de una carrera universitaria. Se utilizó técnicas de investigación cuantitativa (Cuestionario Big Fives o Cinco Grandes) para reconocer los índices en cada dimensión, sub dimensión y escala de distorsión de la personalidad y se realizó un abordaje cualitativo en el reconocimiento de los perfiles de personalidad. Se observó que existe una tendencia mayor de adolescentes con predisposición a ser creativos e investigadores y no así realistas, sociales y dirigentes. La conclusión es que los datos permitirán a los adolescentes una perspectiva distinta en la elección de carreras universitarias convencionales.

This article describes the personality profiles of 165 adolescents from the City of Alto de La Paz. In times of health emergency it is a problem to set medium-term objectives. Teenagers must seek new and innovative ways to deal with this reality. For this, it is necessary to recognize the qualities, skills, competencies and characteristics of adolescents who are looking for a life project or the choice of a university career. Quantitative research techniques (Big Fives or Big Five Questionnaire) were used to recognize the levels in each dimension, sub-dimension and personality distortion scale and a qualitative approach was carried out in the recognition of personality profiles. It was observed that there is a greater tendency of adolescents with a predisposition to be creative and investigative and not so realistic, social and leaders. The conclusion is that the data will allow adolescents a different perspective in the choice of conventional university careers.

Este artigo descreve os perfis de personalidade de 165 adolescentes da cidade de Alto de La Paz. Em tempos de emergência sanitária é um problema estabelecer objetivos de médio prazo. Os adolescentes devem buscar formas novas e inovadoras de lidar com essa realidade. Para isso, é necessário reconhecer as qualidades, habilidades, competências e características dos adolescentes que buscam um projeto de vida ou a escolha de uma carreira universitária. Técnicas de pesquisa quantitativa (Big Fives ou Big Five Questionnaire) foram utilizadas para reconhecer os níveis em cada dimensão, subdimensão e escala de distorção de personalidade e uma abordagem qualitativa foi realizada no reconhecimento de perfis de personalidade. Observou-se que há uma maior tendência de adolescentes com predisposição a serem criativos e investigativos e não tão realistas, sociais e líderes. A conclusão é que os dados permitirão aos adolescentes uma perspectiva diferente na escolha das carreiras universitárias convencionais.

Characteristic Personality Traits of Multiple Sclerosis Patients-An Unicentric Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients tend to present peculiar personality traits that highly impact their quality of life. Our study aimed to determine which personality traits are more common in MS patients compared to a sex- and age-matched control group. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS along with a sex- and age-matched control group were included. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory and an additional form including demographic characteristics. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: 122 subjects were included, out of which 61 were in the patient group, mostly females (71.31%) with a mean age of 42.06 ± 10.46 years. Mean duration of disease was 10.18 ± 5.53 years and mean EDSS score was 2.09; 36% of patients were treated with Interferon-beta 1a. Subjects in the patient group presented significantly lower scores for extraversion (p = 0.036), specifically those with higher EDSS score, even after adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, marital status, early retirement, alcohol, and tobacco consumption). Additionally, regarding orientation in life, MS patients were more often philosophers (p = 0.001), especially young males, whereas the dominant emotional feeling was less common, the actor profile (p = 0.022). Regarding task involvement, MS patients were often passive and compassionate concerning other people. Higher EDSS score also correlated with avoidant (p = 0.006) and melancholic (p = 0.043) personality traits. Subjects with higher education associated more often pragmatic, experimenter, popular, and optimist traits, whereas the elderly had actor, authoritarian, and experimenter profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Some MS patients may have reduced levels of extraversion and specific personality traits compared to age- and sex-matched subjects. Determining the exact personality profile might help the neurologist to establish a better therapeutic alliance and to apply specific interventions.

The Influence of Rehabilitation on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer survivors report negative impacts of cancer, augmented by specific vulnerabilities to body changes, negative self-assessment, and quality-of-life concerns. The main objective of our work was to test the effect of a rehabilitation program on breast cancer patients by evaluating the change in their physical well-being during an outpatient rehabilitation setting and, subsequently, in a home rehabilitation setting, considering the individual personality profile. METHODS: Patients who underwent total mastectomy with breast prostheses or tissue expanders were enrolled. Outcome assessments (Pain, Quality of Life, Personality traits for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) before treatment (T0), at the end of the rehabilitative treatment (T1 = 10 sessions 2/week, one hour/each), and after two months of follow-up (T2) were performed. RESULTS: The data of 38 included patients were analyzed. The quadratic trend of the Visual Analogue Scale can be explained by the fact that patients have a strong reduction in the perceived pain immediately after rehabilitation in the clinic. This reduction remains constant for the home period of the rehabilitation. The personality profiles of all the participants were substantially valid. Only three patients obtained scores higher than 65 points. CONCLUSIONS: The study evidenced that in the initial phase of the rehabilitation, psychological traits such as anxiety, depression, and preoccupation could have a strong association especially with the autonomous functions and the perceived physical symptoms. However, during the therapeutic process, this association decreased and these decrements were higher when patients performed their rehabilitation at home, in a more familiar and comfortable setting.

Associations between Gilbert's syndrome and personality characteristics

Abstract Objective Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a benign genetic disorder that is characterized by intermittent mild jaundice in which the liver doesn't process bilirubin properly. The aim of this study was to determine whether GS patients have a different personality structure and if there are associations between properties of temperament and character and total bilirubin levels. Methods A total of 1665 young male individuals aged from 19 to 30 who were admitted for occupational examinations were included in this study. Careful patient history was taken, a detailed physical examination was conducted, and hematologic and biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. The Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to all participants. 81 patients diagnosed with GS and 150 randomly chosen healthy individuals (control group) were investigated with comparison and correlation analyses. Results GS patients had higher scores than healthy controls for disorderliness (NS4) (p = 0.018), sentimentality (RD1) (p = 0.042), and fatigability (HA4) (p = 0.03). Moreover, Gilbert syndrome patients scored lower than controls for empathy (C2) (p = 0.041) and transpersonal identification (ST2) (p = 0.044). Bilirubin levels were positively associated with disorderliness (NS4) (r = 0.141, p = 0.032) and fatigability (HA4) (r = 0.14, p = 0.033). Conclusions GS patients may have some different personality characteristics from healthy individuals. This study is an initial exploration of the personality structure of GS patients and the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further prospective studies are needed to identify the relationship between Gilbert disease and personality characteristics.

Obesidad y características de personalidad en adolescentes de Argentina y España: Un estudio transcultural / Obesity and personality characteristics in adolescents from Argentina and Spain: A cross-cultural study

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. España, 2. Comparar la personalidad según diagnóstico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 años de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el índice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes españoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clínicos, uno por país; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinación de las variables DN y LR no arrojó diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clínicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs.3% de alto riesgo por NE en los españoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatológico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevaleció la influencia del país de procedencia.

Abstract The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevailed.

Personality differences among junior postgraduate trainees in the United Kingdom.

IMPORTANCE: An early understanding of the personality profiles of junior trainees may be valuable for supporting the professional and educational development of tomorrow's doctors. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the personality profile of junior trainees and to explore whether the personality profiles differed according to the level of training, specialty choice, or gender. DESIGN: The Mental Muscle Diagram Indicator was distributed electronically. SETTING: South West London, Health Education England South London. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 157 junior trainees completed the personality questionnaire. Specifically, there were core surgical (n = 40), core medical (n = 24), and foundation trainees (n = 93). RESULTS: The preferential profile across all groups was Extroversion (E), Sensing (S), Feeling (F), and Perception (P). More foundation doctors favored an extrovert and sensing personality when compared with core trainees (72% vs 60.4% and 77.4% vs 57.5%, respectively). More core surgical trainees appeared to prefer Extroversion when compared with their medical counterparts (66.7% vs 54.2%). More core medical trainees favored an intuitive behavior when compared with their surgical colleagues (50% vs 35%). Significantly, more female trainees (83.3%) displayed an extrovert personality than male trainees (66.7%) did. CONCLUSIONS: According to the Mental Muscle Diagram Indicator analysis, this work shows that the more junior the trainees are in their career, the more they tend to enjoy human interaction and to favor acting before thinking. The most junior trainees tend to be slightly more interested in dealing with facts rather than ideas and favor a flexible approach of life. The reducing ratio of Extroversion and Sensing in the core trainees when compared with foundation doctors may suggest that clinical experience has an effect on personality. As trainees begin to progress, they may tend to reflect more on their practice and to start thinking about more long term. These results suggest that a greater understanding of their personality preferences and how they might change with experience may help trainees to develop a greater personal and professional insight.

Variation in BAS-BIS profiles across categories of cigarette use.

Cigarette smoking is a major health concern, especially among college students. Research suggests a number of individual difference variables may be useful for identifying people at risk of becoming smokers and their likelihood of successfully quitting. The current study focuses on individual differences relating to Behavioral Inhibition System sensitivity (BIS) and the fun seeking, reward responsiveness, and drive aspects of Behavioral Approach System sensitivity (BAS). The former relates to mitigation of potential threat, whereas the latter three relate to different motivations for approach. Noting that existing literature suggests the considerations influencing whether a person experiments with cigarettes differ from those influencing who becomes a habitual smoker which in turn differ from those influencing whether a person quits smoking, we hypothesized that never smokers, experimenters, smokers, and former smokers would differ from each other on BIS, fun seeking, reward responsiveness, and drive in predictable ways. Moreover, we predicted these groups would differ from each other in terms of member profiles across these four variables. We assessed these predictions in a sample of college students from geographically diverse institutions within the United States (N=1840). The profile for never smokers was characterized by high BIS and low fun seeking, that of experimenters by moderately high BIS, high fun seeking, and moderate reward responsiveness, and that of former smokers by moderate BIS, high fun seeking, high reward responsiveness, and high drive. Contrary to expectations, current smokers were low on all four of these characteristics.

Evaluation of personality profile in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy controls.

OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with widespread musculoskeletal pain disorder characterized by various symptoms. Our aim was to compare the personality profiles and psychological aspects between FMS patients and control subjects. Additionally, we evaluated the FMS symptoms, pain and functional status. A total of 72 female patients with FMS and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. METHODS: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), to assess pain and sleep quality, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), to evaluate the functional status, were used in both groups. We assessed the psychological status with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the personality profiles were evaluated with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). RESULTS: Total BDI and BAI scores of FMS patients were higher than control subjects (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). In terms of psychopathology, hysteria parameters of MMPI were significantly higher in FMS. MMPI parameters except lie, infrequency, masculinity femininity and hypomania parameters (p > 0.05) were significantly higher in FMS group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that there is a relationship between the psychological state and personality characteristics in FMS. Much more research is needed to better define the role of personality characteristics in the pathogenesis and symptoms of FMS.

A synopsis of recent influential papers published in psychiatric journals from the Arab world (2012).

This review includes six recent and influential papers that have appeared in the three leading psychiatry journals from the Arab region. The first paper examined the role of personality profile in the motivation to quit smoking and concluded that there is a positive correlation between Novelty seeking (NS), Persistence (P), Cooperativeness (C) and motivation to quit smoking. The second study discussed the prevalence of abuse history in patients with schizophrenia whether physical or sexual, and its impact on their condition and function. The third paper reported that patients with substance abuse problem show more risky sexual behaviors than normal controls. The fourth study high-lighted the similarities regarding complaints about sleep and polysomnographic changes in depression patients and somatoform disorder patients. The fifth paper, investigated the prenatal and perinatal risk factors in autistic disorders. The sixth and final article concluded that poor levels of maternal fetal attachment during the course of pregnancy should be managed in order to optimize fetal and maternal health. Overall, the papers describe a wide spectrum of research initiatives in the Arab world that are likely to have implications for global mental health.