Comparison of Subjective and Biomechanical Outcomes Between Proprioceptive Training and Modified Broström-Gould Surgery for Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Both proprioceptive training and modified Broström-Gould surgery can improve ankle stability in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI), but further biomechanical evaluation is necessary to determine the optimal treatment. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes and biomechanical changes after proprioceptive training versus modified Broström-Gould surgery in patients with CAI. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 56 patients with CAI were assigned randomly to either a nonoperative group (n = 28) who underwent 3 months of proprioceptive training or an operative group (n = 28) who underwent modified Broström-Gould surgery. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores, foot pressure during walking, center of pressure (COP) velocity, and time for the COP to reach the balance boundary (time to boundary [TTB]) during single-leg standing were collected before the intervention (baseline) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the intervention. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare group differences and changes over time. Results: The nonoperative group had significant improvements from baseline in FAAM-Sports score and significantly decreased TTB in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions at all timepoints, while the operative group showed significant improvements only in FAAM-Sports scores and TTB and COP velocity in the anterior-posterior direction at 6 and 12 months postintervention. During walking, the nonoperative group had significantly increased peak force under the medial foot at 3 months, which dropped back to baseline levels at 12 months, while the operative group had significantly increased peak force under the medial midfoot and hindfoot that persisted until 12 months (P < .05). Conclusion: In this study, both proprioceptive training and modified Broström-Gould surgery led to improved subjective functional scores, foot pressure distribution during walking, and postural stability during standing for patients with CAI but with different biomechanical patterns. Proprioceptive training led to an earlier recovery of sports function and better medial-lateral stability recovery, while surgery provided more persistent results. Registration: ChiCTR1900023999 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).

Investigating the Effect of Addition of Cervical Proprioceptive Training to Conventional Physiotherapy on Visual, Vestibular and Proprioceptive Dependency of Postural Control in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: While cervical proprioception deficit has been suggested as a contributing factor to clinical consequences of chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP), the effect of addressing such impairments on postural control strategies has remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the response of the postural control system to alteration of sensory afferents in CNSNP with asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, we examined whether proprioceptive training would yield superior outcomes to routine physiotherapy for improvement of postural control, pain and disability. Methods: Center of pressure (CoP) variables of sixty CNSNP patients equally distributed in any of the proprioception-specific or conventional physiotherapy groups and 30 asymptomatic participants were evaluated under four standing conditions:1) normal, 2) foam, 3) cervical extension/eyes open and 4) cervical extension/eyes closed standing. Results: CoP anteroposterior range and anteroposterior and mediolateral velocity in patients were significantly higher than the control group under condition 2 (P<0.05). Patients also demonstrated lower anteroposterior lyapunov exponent under conditions 2 and 4 (P<0.05). Both interventions significantly decreased anteroposterior range and anteroposterior velocity(P<0.05). Anteroposterior lyapunov exponent also increased under condition 2 (P<0.05).. After the interventions, CoP anteroposterior range and anteroposterior velocity were significantly lower in the proprioceptive exercise group than the conventional physiotherapy group (P<0.05). Anteroposterior lyapunov exponent was also significantly higher in the proprioceptive exercise group (P<0.05).This while there was no significant difference between these patients and control group participants in any of the CoP variables after intervention. Conclusion: Our results rejected the hypothesis that impaired neck proprioception in the presence of CNSNP is compensated by overweighting other sources of sensory afferent information. The findings also revealed that while proprioceptive exercises successfully returned postural strategies of CNSNP patients to those in asymptomatic participants, they do not add to clinical recovery of these patients.

Effects of proprioceptive training on gait and plantar pressure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: People who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Abnormality of lower limb kinematics will occur after the operation. This may be related to lower limb muscle strength, the co-excitation of hamstrings and quadriceps femoris, and the weakness of proprioception. Proprioceptive training can improve the proprioception of lower limbs and promote the recovery of lower limb kinematics. Our research objective is to observe whether proprioceptive training can improve the proprioception of lower limbs within 3 months after surgery and whether the recovery of proprioception can correct the abnormal lower limb kinematics. The secondary objective is to explore the underlying mechanism of postoperative lower limb gait abnormalities. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a prospective single-center randomized clinical trial to be conducted in the Sports Medicine and Orthopedics of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University. Forty participants aged 18-50, preparing to undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and initial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendons as grafts will be randomly assigned to the intervention or comparator group. People in the intervention group will add proprioceptive training three times a week, 20 min each time. The intervention will be conducted on the first day after surgery. The researcher mainly collects the data of joint of sense, gait, and plantar pressure. The assessment will be divided into three stages: after signing the informed consent form (within 2 weeks before surgery), 6 weeks after surgery, and 12 weeks after surgery. DISCUSSION: The main purpose of our study is to explore whether the proprioception of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is weakened, whether the lower limb kinematics is abnormal and whether the lower limb kinematics can be corrected through proprioceptive training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200065808. Registered on 15 November 2022; Version 1.

Beneficios del entrenamiento propioceptivo en adultos mayores para mejorar las capacidades coordinativas / Benefits of proprioceptive training to improve coordination capacities in the elderly

Introducción: La propiocepción es la capacidad de sentir la posición relativa de partes corporales contiguas, regulando la dirección y el rango del movimiento motriz. Por ello, al avanzar la edad existe perdida de eficiencia motora, los especialistas trazan estrategias de intervención que incluyen al estímulo físico especializado como alternativa de prevención y desarrollo. Objetivo: Mejorar las capacidades coordinativas del adulto mayor mediante un plan de entrenamiento con ejercicios de propiocepción, determinando los porcentajes de beneficio en una intervención a corto plazo. Métodos: Investigación cuasi-experimental de orden correlativa, seleccionado intencionalmente a 75 adultos mayores de diferente género (65 a 75 años: media () de 69 años), aplicando un programa integral propioceptivo durante 30 días basado en el principio de individualización. Fueron implementados 10 pruebas de coordinación motriz (equilibro estático, equilibro dinámico y agilidad en lo fundamental) en dos momentos de la intervención. Resultados: Se evidenció una mejora significativa a favor del postest (p = 0,000) al comparar los datos obtenidos en todas las pruebas, exceptuando en sentadilla con fitball (p = 0,321), en deslizamiento con fitball (p = 0,079), e isométrico sobre fitball (p = 0,753), incrementándose la media porcentual en términos de repeticiones en la mayoría de las pruebas de valoración del rendimiento coordinativo, efectuadas al final del proceso de intervención. Conclusiones: Para este estudio se evidencian resultados positivos en las capacidades coordinativas del adulto mayor estudiado, luego de implementarse a corto plazo un plan de entrenamiento propioceptivo(AU)

Introduction: Proprioception is the ability to perceive the relative position of neighboring parts of the body, regulating direction and the range of motor movement. Since motor efficiency decreases with aging, specialists are devising intervention strategies which include specific physical stimuli as a prevention and development alternative. Objective: Determine the short-term benefit percentages of a proprioceptive training program to improve coordination capacities in the elderly. Methods: A correlational quasi-experimental study was conducted. A total 75 elderly subjects of both sexes were intentionally selected. Mean age was 69 years (range 65-75). An integral 30-day individualized proprioceptive program was carried out. Ten motor coordination tests (mostly static balance, dynamic balance and agility) were implemented at two moments of the intervention. Results: Significant improvement was observed in the post-test (p = 0.000) when comparing the data obtained in all tests, except for fitball squats (p = 0.321), fitball slides (p = 0.079), and fitball isometrics (p = 0.753). Mean percentage in terms of repetitions increased in most of the coordination evaluation tests applied at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Positive results were observed in the coordination capacities of the elderly subjects studied upon short-term implementation of a proprioceptive training program(AU)

Efficacy of proprioceptive training on the recovery of total joint arthroplasty patients: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Optimal balance control is of paramount importance for function recovery after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The study objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the short- and mid-term effects of proprioceptive and balance training for patients undergoing TJA. METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase databases to identify eligible RCTs through May 2020. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was applied to calculate pooled effect estimates between proprioceptive and balance training and control group. Main outcomes were self-reported functionality, balance, pain, quality of life, and function (range of motion). RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials were finally included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results found that balance and proprioceptive trainings have a positive role in improving self-reported functionality at short-term after TJA. Moreover, balance and proprioceptive trainings were associated with an increase of the balance at short- and mid-term after TJA. These results were further confirmed by subgroup analysis between preoperative and postoperative administration of balance and proprioceptive trainings. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that balance and proprioceptive trainings after TJA improved self-reported functionality and balance. These improvements were maintained at mid-terms. More research is needed to confirm balance and proprioceptive trainings for pain and quality of life for TJA.

Intervención propioceptiva a corto plazo para el déficit de equilibrio estático en futbolistas infantiles / Short-term proprioceptive intervention for static balance deficit in child soccer players

Introducción: El fútbol es un deporte de varias acciones motrices, que provoca en el cuerpo un desequilibrio constante, enfatizado en edades tempranas, siendo a su vez la propiocepción una estrategia para potenciar el equilibrio en futbolistas de iniciación. Objetivo: Valorar los efectos de una intervención propioceptiva a corto plazo sobre el déficit de equilibrio en miembros inferiores de futbolistas infantiles. Métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental de corte transversal a una población de 12 futbolistas infantiles (10-12 años), se aplicó un entrenamiento propioceptivo de cuatro semanas de duración enfatizando en aspectos específicos para potenciar el equilibrio corporal en su fase estática. Se valoraron tres variables para cada pie a partir de la aplicación del Y Balance Test en dos momentos de la preparación deportiva. Resultados: El test empleado determinó un nivel de significancia estadística: Pie Derecho Movimiento Izquierdo (p= 0,005), Pie Derecho Movimiento Central (p= 0,004), Pie Derecho Movimiento Derecho (p= 0,005), Pie Izquierdo Movimiento Izquierdo (p= 0,003), Pie Izquierdo Movimiento Central (p= 0,003), Pie Izquierdo Movimiento Derecho (p= 0,004). Conclusiones: Un entrenamiento propioceptivo a corto plazo es efectivo para mejorar significativamente el equilibrio estático en extremidades inferiores en futbolistas infantiles(AU)

Introduction: Soccer is a sport of several motor actions, which causes a constant imbalance in the body, emphasized at an early age, is the proprioception of a strategy to strengthen the balance in initiation players. Objective: To assess the effects of a short-term proprioceptive intervention on the balance deficit in lower limbs of child soccer players. Methods: Quasi-experimental cross-sectional study of a population of 12 child soccer players (10-12 years), a four-week proprioceptive training was applied, emphasizing specific aspects to enhance body balance in its static phase. Three variables were assessed for each foot from the application of the Y Balance Test in two moments of sports preparation. Results: The test used determined a level of statistical significance: Right Foot Left Movement (p= 0.005), Right Foot Central Movement (p= 0.004), Right Foot Right Movement (p= 0.005), Left Foot Left Movement (p= 0.003), Left Foot Central Movement (p= 0.003), Left Foot Right Movement (p= 0.004). Conclusions: Short-term proprioceptive training is effective in significantly improving the static balance in the lower extremities in child soccer players(AU)

Avaliação sobre conhecimento e utilização de treinamento proprioceptivo em atletas de uma equipe de futebol pernambucana / Evaluation of knowledge and use of proprioceptive training in athletes of a football team of Pernambuco

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o conhecimento sobre o conceito de propriocepção e aspectos como a sua utilização prática e os tipos e mecanismos de lesões apresentadas por atletas em uma equipe de futebol do estado de Pernambuco. Foram avaliados 29 atletas, todos do sexo masculino e com idade variando entre 17 e 28 anos. Dos atletas pesquisados 79,31% (n=23) afirmaram não ter conhecimento sobre o conceito de propriocepção e 82,75% (n=24) relataram não fazerem e nem nunca terem feito algum tipo de treinamento proprioceptivo. Verificou-se ainda que 79,31% (n=23) dos pesquisados apresentaram algum tipo de lesão, com um tempo médio de afastamento da prática declarado de aproximadamente 49 dias. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, os tipos de lesões mais acometidas foram a distensão, com 31,03% dos casos e a entorse com 24,13%, principalmente com localização no joelho e no tornozelo, perfazendo juntos, um total de 48,27% dos casos. Quanto ao mecanismo de lesão descrito pelos atletas, o mais comum foi o contato corporal, com 34,50% e o chute a gol e a queda com 13,80% dos casos relatados. Desta forma, conclui-se ressaltando o baixo índice de conhecimento sobre o conceito de propriocepção e a pouca utilização de treinamento proprioceptivo por parte dos atletas avaliados e o elevado número que estes atletas apresentaram de lesões. O que indica uma necessidade de investigação mais profunda e específica sobre as possibilidades de relação entre a utilização de treinamento proprioceptivo e a prevenção de lesões de atletas no contexto do futebol.

The main purpose of this study has been to describe the knowledge about the concept of proprioception and some aspects as its practical utilization and types and mechanisms from lesions suffered by athletes of a soccer team in the state of Pernambuco – Brazil. 29 athletes were evaluated, all of them males and aged between 17 and 28 years old. 23 of them (79.31%) stated not to have any knowledge about the concept of proprioception and 24 of them (79.31%) related that they do not do and have never done any type of proprioceptive training. It was still verified that 23 athletes (79.31%) had some kind of lesion with an average time of 49 days without conditions of practicing their work. According to obtained results, the most suffered types of lesions were distension (31.03% of the cases) and sprain, mainly in knee and ankle areas, amounting together 48.27% of the cases. As for the mechanism of the lesions described by the athlete, the most common was body contact (34.50%) and kick to goal and fall (13.80%) of the related cases. This way it is possible to conclude calling attention about low level of knowledge about proprioception concept and low usage of proprioceptive training of the evaluated athletes and the high number of lesions these athletes have suffered, what indicates a necessity of a deeper investigation about the possibilities of relation between the usage of proprioceptive training and prevention of athletes´ lesions in soccer context.