Color variations in PMMA acrylic resins after thermocycling and mouthwash simulation / Variações de cor em resinas acrílicas de PMMA após termociclagem e simulação de enxaguatório bucal

Estabilidade de cor é um requisito estético fundamental das resinas acrílicas provisórias, em especial quando esses materiais são submetidos a longos períodos na cavidade oral. Embora resinas acrílicas temporárias novas e aprimoradas estejam disponíveis, os efeitos da variação térmica e de soluções antissépticas na estabilidade de cor de resinas acrílicas provisórias ainda não foram completamente elucidados. Portanto, este estudo avaliou a coloração de resinas autopolimerizáveis polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) e bis-acrilo submetidas à termociclagem e imersão em clorexidina. Amostras padronizadas (n=10) foram preparadas de duas resinas acrílicas temporárias a base de PMMA (Alike® e Duralay®). Foram realizadas três avaliações de cor (T1 ­ 24h após o preparo da amostra, T2 ­ após termociclagem e T3 ­ após termociclagem e imersão em clorexidina) por meio de espectrofotômetro eletrônico de seleção de sombra (Vita Easy Shade). Os dados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA e teste t (α=0,05). As resinas de PMMA Alike e Duralay apresentaram alteração de cor após a termociclagem e também após a imersão em clorexidina.

Color stability is a fundamental aesthetic requirement for temporary acrylic resins, especially when these materials are subjected to long periods in the oral cavity. Although new and improved temporary acrylic resins are available, the effects of thermal variation and antiseptic solutions on the color stability of temporary acrylic resins have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study evaluated the color of self-polymerizing resins polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and bis-acryl subjected to thermocycling and immersion in chlorhexidine. Standardized samples (n=10) were prepared from two PMMA-based temporary acrylic resins (Alike® and Duralay®). Three color evaluations were carried out (T1 ­ 24h after sample preparation, T2 ­ after thermocycling and T3 ­ after thermocycling and immersion in chlorhexidine) using an electronic shade selection spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade). The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and t test (α=0.05). PMMA Alike and Duralay resins showed color changes after thermocycling and also after immersion in chlorhexidine.

Endoscopic detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer using image-enhanced endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the value of image-enhanced endoscopy including blue laser imaging (BLI), linked color imaging, narrow-band imaging (NBI), and texture and color enhancement imaging to detect and diagnose gastric cancer (GC) compared to that of white-light imaging (WLI). Methods: Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society databases searches. The pooled risk ratio for dichotomous variables was calculated using the random-effects model to assess the GC detection between WLI and image-enhanced endoscopy. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall diagnostic performance of WLI and magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy for GC. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The detection rate of GC was significantly improved in linked color imaging compared with that in WLI (risk ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-3.25; p < 0.01) with mild heterogeneity. Magnifying endoscopy with NBI (ME-NBI) obtained a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating curve of 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.80-0.88), 0.96 (95 % CI, 0.94-0.97), and 0.92, respectively. Similarly, ME-BLI showed a pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 0.81 (95 % CI, 0.77-0.85), 0.85 (95 % CI, 0.82-0.88), and 0.95, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of ME-NBI/BLI for GC was evidently high compared to that of WLI, However, significant heterogeneity among the NBI studies still existed. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed a high detection rate for linked color imaging and a high diagnostic performance of ME-NBI/BLI for GC compared to that with WLI.

The influence of color vision deficiency on vessel visibility during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection and the potential advantage of red dichromatic imaging to achieve color vision barrier-free.

Objectives: Although color information is important in gastrointestinal endoscopy, there are limited studies on how endoscopic images are viewed by people with color vision deficiency. We aimed to investigate the differences in the visibility of blood vessels during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among people with different color vision characteristics and to examine the effect of red dichromatic imaging (RDI) on blood vessel visibility. Methods: Seventy-seven pairs of endoscopic images of white light imaging (WLI) and RDI of the same site were obtained during colorectal ESD. The original images were set as type C (WLI-C and RDI-C), a common color vision. These images were computationally converted to simulate images perceived by people with color vision deficiency protanope (Type P) or deutanope (Type D) and denoted as WLI-P and RDI-P or WLI-D and RDI-D. Blood vessels and background submucosa that needed to be identified during ESD were selected in each image, and the color differences between these two objects were measured using the color difference (ΔE 00) to assess the visibility of blood vessels. Results: ΔE 00 between a blood vessel and the submucosa was greater under RDI (RDI-C/P/D: 24.05 ± 0.64/22.85 ± 0.66/22.61 ± 0.64) than under WLI (WLI-C/P/D: 22.26 ± 0.60/5.19 ± 0.30/8.62 ± 0.42), regardless of color vision characteristics. This improvement was more pronounced in Type P and Type D and approached Type C in RDI. Conclusions: Color vision characteristics affect the visibility of blood vessels during ESD, and RDI improves blood vessel visibility regardless of color vision characteristics.

Recent advancements in image-enhanced endoscopy in the pancreatobiliary field.

Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has advanced gastrointestinal disease diagnosis and treatment. Traditional white-light imaging has limitations in detecting all gastrointestinal diseases, prompting the development of IEE. In this review, we explore the utility of IEE, including texture and color enhancement imaging and red dichromatic imaging, in pancreatobiliary (PB) diseases. IEE includes methods such as chromoendoscopy, optical-digital, and digital methods. Chromoendoscopy, using dyes such as indigo carmine, aids in delineating lesions and structures, including pancreato-/cholangio-jejunal anastomoses. Optical-digital methods such as narrow-band imaging enhance mucosal details and vessel patterns, aiding in ampullary tumor evaluation and peroral cholangioscopy. Moreover, red dichromatic imaging with its specific color allocation, improves the visibility of thick blood vessels in deeper tissues and enhances bleeding points with different colors and see-through effects, proving beneficial in managing bleeding complications post-endoscopic sphincterotomy. Color enhancement imaging, a novel digital method, enhances tissue texture, brightness, and color, improving visualization of PB structures, such as PB orifices, anastomotic sites, ampullary tumors, and intraductal PB lesions. Advancements in IEE hold substantial potential in improving the accuracy of PB disease diagnosis and treatment. These innovative techniques offer advantages paving the way for enhanced clinical management of PB diseases. Further research is warranted to establish their standard clinical utility and explore new frontiers in PB disease management.

Visibility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma under iodine staining on texture and color enhancement imaging.

Objective: Iodine staining on white light imaging (WLI) is the gold standard for detecting and demarcating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined the effects of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) on improving the endoscopic visibility of ESCC under iodine staining. Methods: Twenty ESCC lesions that underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection were retrospectively included. The color difference between ESCC and the surrounding mucosa (ΔEe) on WLI, TXI, and narrow-band imaging was assessed, and ΔEe under 1% iodine staining on WLI and TXI. Furthermore, the visibility grade determined by endoscopists was evaluated on each imaging. Result: The median ΔEe was greater on TXI than on WLI (14.53 vs. 10.71, respectively; p < 0.005). Moreover, the median ΔEe on TXI under iodine staining was greater than the median ΔEe on TXI and narrow-band imaging (39.20 vs. 14.53 vs. 16.42, respectively; p < 0.005 for both). A positive correlation in ΔEe under iodine staining was found between TXI and WLI (correlation coefficient = 0.61, p < 0.01). Moreover, ΔEe under iodine staining on TXI in each lesion was greater than the corresponding ΔEe on WLI. The visibility grade assessed by endoscopists on TXI was also significantly greater than that on WLI under iodine staining (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The visibility of ESCC after iodine staining was greater on TXI than on WLI.

Synthesis of histidine, serine and folic acid-functionalized and boron and iron-doped graphene quantum dot with excellent optical behavior and peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric and fluorescence detection of H2O2 in food.

Low fluorescence under visible light excitation and catalytic activity limit many applications of graphene quantum dots in optical detection, biosensing, catalysis and biomedical. The paper reports design and synthesis of histidine, serine and folic acid-functionalized and boron and iron-doped graphene quantum dot (Fe/B-GQD-HSF). The Fe/B-GQD-HSF shows excellent fluorescence behavior and peroxidase-like activity. Excitation of 330 nm ultraviolet light produces the strongest blue fluorescence and excitation of 480 nm visible light produces the strongest yellow fluorescence. The specific activity reaches 92.67 U g-1, which is higher than that of other graphene quantum dots. The Fe/B-GQD-HSF can catalyze oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine with H2O2 to form blue compound. Based on this, it was used for colorimetric and fluorescence detection of H2O2. The absorbance at 652 nm linearly increases with the increase of H2O2 concentration between 0.5 and 100 µM with detection limit of 0.43 µM. The fluorescence signal linearly decreases with the increase of H2O2 concentration between 0.05 and 100 µM with detection limit of 0.035 µM. The analytical method has been satisfactorily applied in detection of H2O2 in food. The study also paves one way for design and synthesis of functional graphene quantum dots with ideal fluorescence behavior and catalytic activity.

Use of Color Channel Optimization in 3D Heads-Up Vitrectomy vs Standard Operating Microscope for Macular Surgeries.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of color channel optimization with 3-dimensional (3D) heads-up vitrectomy (3D HUD group) vs standard operating microscope vitrectomy (control group) for macular surgery. Methods: This retrospective multicenter comparative study comprised patients having 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole, epiretinal membrane (ERM), or vitreomacular traction. The minimum follow-up was 6 months. Surgeons completed a subjective questionnaire after each case. The main outcome measures were safety related (dye reinjection rate, macular ERM or internal limiting membrane [ILM] peeling time, endoillumination intensity). Other outcome measures included total surgical time, surgical outcomes, and subjective surgeon-related parameters. Results: The study included 74 eyes (36 in 3D HUD group; 38 in control group). There were no statistical differences in baseline parameters between groups. Significantly more eyes in the control group than in the 3D HUD group required dye reinjection (23.7% vs 5.6%; P = .03). Less time was required for ERM and ILM peeling in the 3D HUD group (both P < .01); however, the total surgical time was the same between groups. Eyes in the 3D HUD group required lower endoillumination (P < .001). There were no between-group differences in the rates of complications. Surgeons said depth perception was better in the control group (P < .001), with no differences in comfort or visibility. Conclusions: 3D heads-up-based color channel optimization for macular surgeries is safe and effective. Although it may have safety advantages, it did not affect the visual or anatomic outcomes or total surgical time and did not improve surgeon comfort or visibility.

Practice-Based Management Data of Consecutive Subjects Assessed for the Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome at a Single Tertiary Institution.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is poorly understood. The diagnostic process remains inadequately standardized, with an absence of precise criteria to guide therapeutic management. METHODS: We studied consecutive subjects referred to the Department of Angiology at the University Hospital of Zurich over the past 17 years due to suspected MALS. We focused on (1) the imaging criteria that led to diagnosis, notably the results of color duplex ultrasound and the consistency with different imaging tests; (2) the clinical consequences focusing on symptom resolution. RESULTS: We included 33 subjects; in 8 subjects (24.2%), the diagnosis of MALS was retained. The median expiration peak systolic velocity (PSV) on ultrasound was 3.05 (Q1; 2.1-Q3; 3.3). To confirm the sonographic results, either a CT or MRI was performed on all patients, with consistent findings confirming a significant stenosis. Seven patients underwent surgery, all involving arcuate ligament release. Four procedures were laparoscopic, one was via laparotomy, and two were robot-assisted. Additionally, two patients required angioplasty with stenting as a secondary intervention. Only two (28.6%) of the seven operated patients experienced a relief of symptoms. None experienced a relief of symptoms following secondary angioplasty, despite stent patency. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was comparable between patients with retained and rejected diagnoses, 38% and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed sonography and CT/MRI consistency. However, most patients with MALS did not benefit from invasive treatment. The majority (83%) of patients without MALS were diagnosed with alternative conditions, mainly functional disorders.

UM-Net: Rethinking ICGNet for polyp segmentation with uncertainty modeling.

Automatic segmentation of polyps from colonoscopy images plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, some bottlenecks still exist. In our previous work, we mainly focused on polyps with intra-class inconsistency and low contrast, using ICGNet to solve them. Due to the different equipment, specific locations and properties of polyps, the color distribution of the collected images is inconsistent. ICGNet was designed primarily with reverse-contour guide information and local-global context information, ignoring this inconsistent color distribution, which leads to overfitting problems and makes it difficult to focus only on beneficial image content. In addition, a trustworthy segmentation model should not only produce high-precision results but also provide a measure of uncertainty to accompany its predictions so that physicians can make informed decisions. However, ICGNet only gives the segmentation result and lacks the uncertainty measure. To cope with these novel bottlenecks, we further extend the original ICGNet to a comprehensive and effective network (UM-Net) with two main contributions that have been proved by experiments to have substantial practical value. Firstly, we employ a color transfer operation to weaken the relationship between color and polyps, making the model more concerned with the shape of the polyps. Secondly, we provide the uncertainty to represent the reliability of the segmentation results and use variance to rectify uncertainty. Our improved method is evaluated on five polyp datasets, which shows competitive results compared to other advanced methods in both learning ability and generalization capability. The source code is available at https://github.com/dxqllp/UM-Net.

Evaluation of the efficacy and concordance of indocianine color green angiography in oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery of the breast. Preliminary results of the gBREAST-22 prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: During oncoplastic procedures, the vascularization and perfusion of the skin flaps is modified, thus increasing the possibility of skin necrosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of indocyanine color green angiography (ICG-A) to determine intraoperative skin necrosis after oncoplastic surgery or skin-sparing or nipple-skin sparing mastectomy (NSSM). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective observational study to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values ​​of the ICG-A in women with high-risk breast cancer. RESULTS: 98 women and 156 breasts were included in the study. A total of 20 women (20.4%) presented an image of ischemia in the ICG-A. 21 women (21.4%) presented ischemic events in the postoperative period, 71.4% of these events had been detected in the third ICG-A. Three of these patients (3.1%) presented a serious complication that required reintervention. The sensitivity and specificity of the A-VIC was 71.4% and 93.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ICG-A has high specificity and negative predictive value for detecting areas of low perfusion. In breast units with highly complex surgery, it can be useful to plan extreme surgeries and identify skin areas of low perfusion.

Practical utility of linked color imaging in colonoscopy: Updated literature review.

The remarkable recent developments in image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) have significantly contributed to the advancement of diagnostic techniques. Linked color imaging (LCI) is an IEE technique in which color differences are expanded by processing image data to enhance short-wavelength narrow-band light. This feature of LCI causes reddish areas to appear redder and whitish areas to appear whiter. Because most colorectal lesions, such as neoplastic and inflammatory lesions, have a reddish tone, LCI is an effective tool for identifying colorectal lesions by clarifying the redder areas and distinguishing them from the surrounding normal mucosa. To date, eight randomized controlled trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of LCI in identifying colorectal adenomatous lesions. The results of a meta-analysis integrating these studies demonstrated that LCI was superior to white-light endoscopy for detecting colorectal adenomatous lesions. LCI also improves the detection of serrated lesions by enhancing their whiteness. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that LCI is superior to white-light endoscopy for the diagnosis of the colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this review, based on a comprehensive search of the current literature since the implementation of LCI, the utility of LCI in the detection and diagnosis of colorectal lesions is discussed. Additionally, the latest data, including attempts to combine artificial intelligence and LCI, are presented.

Clinicopathologic features, demographics, disease burden, and therapeutics in alopecic sarcoidosis: a case series and systematic review.

Background: Alopecic sarcoidosis is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis. Scarring and nonscarring alopecic sarcoidosis have been reported; however, information on the epidemiology, systemic disease associations, and treatment efficacy is limited. Objective: To address these gaps, we conducted a retrospective chart review and systematic literature review of alopecic sarcoidosis cases. Methods: Full-text English publications from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to August 2023 were analyzed. Treatment evidence quality was assessed using the modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scale. Three patients with biopsy-proven alopecic sarcoidosis were included as a case series, all demonstrating systemic sarcoidosis and 2 requiring multiple therapies. Among 1778 search results, 60 articles representing 77 cases of alopecic and scalp sarcoidosis were included. Patients were categorized into 4 distinct alopecic subgroups. Black patients constituted the majority of all subgroups. Results: Extracutaneous sarcoidosis burden was high across all alopecic subgroups, with ocular disease appearing overrepresented. Topical and oral corticosteroids were the main treatments. Though scarring alopecia patients had poor outcomes despite receiving immunomodulators/cx, limited data suggest potential efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Limitations: This study has a small sample size. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of evidence-based strategies for improving alopecic sarcoidosis management. Prompt diagnosis and systemic evaluation, especially for scarring alopecia, are essential for timely intervention to optimize patient outcomes.

Efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound signs combined with serum tumor-specific growth factor in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a diagnostic model for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), both subtypes of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), using color Doppler ultrasound signs in conjunction with serum laboratory markers. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasonography at Yulin Hospital from February 2021 to March 2023. The cohort included 269 subjects: 105 with benign nodules and 164 with DTC (59 with FTC and 105 with PTC). We compared baseline demographics and laboratory indices between the groups. Diagnostic values of ultrasound features and laboratory markers were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and logistic regression was employed to pinpoint independent diagnostic factors for FTC. A predictive nomogram was subsequently developed based on these factors. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the benign and malignant groups regarding ultrasound signs (including border, morphology, echogenicity, calcification, blood flow, lymph node zoning) and laboratory indices (free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF)), with all P-values <0.05. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for FT3, FT4, Tg, TSH, VEGF, and TSGF were all above 0.75, with Tg achieving the highest at 0.91. Logistic regression identified borders, morphology, echogenicity, VEGF, and TSGF as independent diagnostic factors for distinguishing between FTC and PTC, with significant P-values. The constructed nomogram demonstrated an AUC of 0.853, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Both calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) validated the model's stability and clinical utility. CONCLUSION: We successfully developed a nomogram combining ultrasound features and serum markers that enhances the diagnostic precision for FTC. This model offers a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Multimodal optical imaging of iris flocculi in three consecutive generations: a case report.

Background: Multiple pigmented epithelial cysts at the edge of pupils, that is, iris flocculi, in both eyes, are rare ocular diseases. It has been demonstrated that this disease can be attributed to mutations in the smooth muscle α-actin 2 (ACTA2) gene, which mainly affects the function of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMCs are components of the iris, aorta, and several other systemic organs. In addition, iris flocculi are strongly correlated with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), which is caused by the mutation of amino acid 149 in the ACTA2 gene. Case description: A 6-month-old Chinese boy was found to have iris flocculi during ocular fundus screening for premature infants. His mother, a 30-year-old Chinese woman with a history of aortic dissection, underwent an ophthalmic examination and was found to have iris flocculi. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous c.445C > T (p. Arg149Cys) mutation in ACTA2 in both the boy and his mother. After his family history was traced, the boy's grandfather was diagnosed with similar iris flocculi. Due to the absence of any ocular complications caused by iris flocculi in the cases, no special treatment was given, and regular follow-up was recommended. Conclusion: We reported one case of familial iris flocculi caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in ACTA2 (p. Arg149Cys) and presented multimodal optical images of both the iris and fundus in three consecutive generations. This case report enriched the clinical features of retinal vasculature and macula associated with the mutation in the amino acid 149 of the ACTA2 gene.

Survival in uveal melanoma patients is linked to genetic variation at HERC2 SNP rs12913832.

PURPOSE: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare disease, with the highest incidence in people with a fair skin and light eyes. Eye colour is largely genetically determined and defined by a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We set out to determine whether we could identify a SNP that is related to prognosis. DESIGN: We sequenced DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 392 patients with UM and obtained the genotype of six common eye colour-related SNPs. Clinical and histopathologic tumour characteristics, tumour chromosome status, and patient survival were compared among patients with different genotypes. SUBJECTS: 392 patients who underwent enucleation for UM at the Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. METHODS: We isolated DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 392 patients with UM and performed sequencing, using six eye colour SNPs from the HIrisPlex-S assay. The genotypes extracted from the sequencing data were uploaded onto the Hirisplex webtool (https://hirisplex.erasmusmc.nl/) for eye colour prediction. We tested the association of eye colour SNPs with tumour characteristics and chromosome aberrations using Pearson's chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test and survival with Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank test and Cox regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: UM-related survival. RESULTS: Of the total cohort of 392 patients with analysable genotype data, 307 (78%) were assigned to have blue eyes, 74 (19%) brown eyes and 11 (3%) could not be assigned to either blue or brown. Patients with a genetically-blue eye colour had a worse survival (p = 0.04). This was related to one genotype: patients with the G/G genotype of rs12913832 (HERC2) which codes for blue eye colour had a worse prognosis (p = 0.017), which was related to more often having high-risk tumours (monosomy of chromosome 3, p = 0.04) than patients with an A/G or A/A genotype. CONCLUSION: The G/G genotype of rs12913832 (HERC2), which is related to blue eye colour, is not only a genetic factor related to the risk to develop a UM, but is also linked to a worse prognosis, due to an association with a higher risk of developing a high-risk UM (carrying monosomy of chromosome 3).

Comparison of Antioxidant Properties and Color of Selected Polish Honeys and Manuka Honey.

The antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of honey are significantly dependent on the content of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant properties and color of selected honeys and manuka honeys available in the Polish market. The results showed quantitative differences in phenolic acids, phenolic content and antioxidant activity between the honeys, indicating the influence of floral sources. Dark honeys, including buckwheat honey, showed increased phenolic content and superior antioxidant properties. The study revealed remarkable correlations between phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and color. Buckwheat honey showed higher antioxidant properties compared to manuka honey, which is highly valued in the current market. These results highlight the importance of further research into Polish buckwheat honey and advocate its wider consumption due to its high nutritional value and remarkable bioactive properties. In addition, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of honey diversity and highlights the potential importance of regional honey varieties in promoting health.

Fatty Acid Profile and Physicochemical Properties of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Extracted at Different Temperatures.

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a tropical plant native to India. It is widespread throughout the southern hemisphere, with great adaptability to high temperatures and water scarcity. Its seeds have a great amount of oil with a high content of oleic acid, quite similar to olive oil. Therefore, this study is focused on the extraction of oil from moringa seeds via an automatic screw press extractor at different temperatures (70, 100, 130, 160, 190, and 220 °C) and on the analysis of its acidity, acid value, peroxide value (PV), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), optical properties, and fatty acids profile. The results showed that the oil yield was 19 ± 3% regardless of the temperature applied. The oil was stable from the oxidative point of view, with a high acidity. Temperature extraction did not significantly affect the SV and the IV. However, the extraction temperature should be below 190 °C to obtain a translucent and luminous oil with light yellow tones. The oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid (ω9) (up to 77.8%) and linolenic acid (ω3) (3.4%). On the other hand, behenic (7%), palmitic (6%), stearic (5%), and arachidic (0.2%) were the dominant saturated acids. The good properties of moringa oil make it a good, sustainable alternative to vegetable oils.

Paper-based multicolor sensor for on-site quantitative detection of organophosphate pesticides based on acetylcholinesterase-mediated paper-based Au3+-etching of gold nanobipyramids and CIELab color space.

On-site quantitative detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is crucial for safeguarding food and public safety. This study presents a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-mediated paper-based Au3+-etching of gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) system. The system employs a long-term storable AuNBPs-deposited nylon membrane embedded within a portable and temperature-controlled paper-based analytical device. This system, coupled with a colorimeter-based quantitative method, enables the development of a practical paper-based multicolor sensor (PMS) for on-site quantitative detection of three common OPs (paraoxon, dichlorvos, and trichlorfon). In the absence of OPs, AChE hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine to thiocholine, which reduces Au3+ to Au+. The presence of OPs inhibits AChE activity, thereby preserving Au3+ to etch AuNBPs on nylon membranes, accompanied by multicolor changes. These color changes can be simply quantified by measuring the a∗ parameter of the CIELab color space using a portable colorimeter. Under optimal conditions, the PMS displayed eight OPs-corresponding color changes with a minimum detectable concentration of 1.0-10 µg/L (visual observation) and limits of detection of 0.8-7.2 µg/L (colorimeter) and 0.2-3.4 µg/L (UV-vis spectrometry). The PMS successfully determined the OPs in vegetable and rice samples with recoveries of 89.0-109 % and RSDs (n = 5) of <6 %. These results were consistent with those obtained using the HPLC-MS method. The PMS demonstrates excellent portability, AuNBPs stability, detection sensitivity, and reproducibility, making it a promising tool for the on-site quantitative detection of OPs residues in food. Furthermore, the paper-based etching system coupled with the colorimeter-based quantitative method provides a valuable reference to develop practical PMSs for various targets in diverse fields.