RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Oxylipins are mediators of oxidative stress. To characterize the underlying inflammatory processes and phenotype effect of iron metabolism disorders, we investigated the oxylipin profile in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) patients. METHODS: An LC-MS/MS-based method was performed to quantify plasma oxylipins in 20 HH and 20 DIOS patients in fasting conditions and 3 h after an iron-rich meal in HH patients. RESULTS: Principal component analysis showed no separation between HH and DIOS, suggesting that the clinical phenotype has no direct impact on oxylipin metabolism. 20-HETE was higher in DIOS and correlated with hypertension (p = 0.03). Different oxylipin signatures were observed in HH before and after the iron-rich meal. Discriminant oxylipins include epoxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid as well as 13-HODE and 9-HODE. Mediation analysis found no major contribution of dietary iron absorption for 16/22 oxylipins significantly affected by the meal. DISCUSSION: The oxylipin profiles of HH and DIOS seemed similar except for 20-HETE, possibly reflecting different hypertension prevalence between the two groups. Oxylipins were significantly affected by the iron-rich meal, but the specific contribution of iron was not clear. Although iron may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation in HH and DIOS, this does not seem to directly affect oxylipin metabolism.
Assuntos
Eicosanoides , Hemocromatose , Sobrecarga de Ferro , Ferro da Dieta , Oxilipinas , Humanos , Oxilipinas/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Hemocromatose/sangue , Hemocromatose/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ferro da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Eicosanoides/sangue , Sobrecarga de Ferro/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Estresse Oxidativo , Análise de Componente Principal , Idoso , Ácidos Linoleicos/sangue , Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters are of interest given their clinical approval for lowering circulating triglycerides and cardiometabolic disease risk. EPA ethyl esters prevent metabolic complications driven by a high fat diet in male mice; however, their impact on female mice is less studied. Herein, we first investigated how EPA influences the metabolic profile of female C57BL/6J mice consuming a high fat diet. EPA lowered murine fat mass accumulation, potentially through increased biosynthesis of 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), as revealed by mass spectrometry and cell culture studies. EPA also reversed the effects of a high fat diet on circulating levels of insulin, glucose, and select inflammatory/metabolic markers. Next, we studied if the improved metabolic profile of obese mice consuming EPA was associated with a reduction in the abundance of key gut Gram-negative bacteria that contribute toward impaired glucose metabolism. Using fecal 16S-ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we found EPA restructured the gut microbiota in a time-dependent manner but did not lower the levels of key Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, EPA robustly increased the abundance of the Gram-negative Akkermansia muciniphila, which controls glucose homeostasis. Finally, predictive functional profiling of microbial communities revealed EPA-mediated reversal of high fat diet-associated changes in a wide range of genes related to pathways such as Th-17 cell differentiation and PI3K-Akt signaling. Collectively, these results show that EPA ethyl esters prevent some of the deleterious effects of a high fat diet in female mice, which may be mediated mechanistically through 8-HEPE and the upregulation of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila.
Assuntos
Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/biossíntese , Akkermansia/genética , Akkermansia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos/genética , Camundongos Obesos/microbiologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Caracteres Sexuais , Células Th17/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Recently, the addition of copper nanoparticles (NPs) in a daily diet (6.5 mg/kg) was studied in different animal models as a possible alternative to ionic forms. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (24-week-old, n = 11) were fed with copper, either in the form of carbonate salt (Cu6.5) or metal-based copper NPs (NP6.5), for 8 weeks. The third group was fed with a half dose of each (NP3.25 + Cu3.25). The thoracic aorta and blood plasma was studied. Supplementation with NP6.5 decreased the Cu (×0.7), Cu/Zn-ratio (×0.6) and catalase (CAT, ×0.7), and increased Zn (×1.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, ×1.4). Meanwhile, NP3.25 + Cu3.25 decreased the Cu/Zn-ratio (×0.7), and CAT (×0.7), and increased the daily feed intake (×1.06). Preincubation with either the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, or the non-selective COX-1/2 inhibitor attenuated vasodilation of rat thoracic aorta in the NP6.5 group exclusively. However, an increased vasodilator response was observed in the NP6.5 and NP3.25 + Cu3.25 group of rats after preincubation with an inhibitor of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) formation, and the thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist. Significant differences were observed between the NP6.5 and NP3.25 + Cu3.25 groups of rats in: dietary intake, acetylcholine-induced vasodilation, and response to COX-inhibitors. Copper NPs in a standard daily dose had more significant effects on the mechanism(s) responsible for the utilization of reactive oxygen species in the blood plasma with the participation of prostanoids derived from COX-2 in the vascular relaxation. Dietary copper NPs in both doses modified vasodilation through the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE and the TP receptors.
Assuntos
Cobre/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Nanopartículas Metálicas/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Receptores de Tromboxanos/sangue , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Platelet activation is an important side effect of dialysis, resulted in a subsequent release of arachidonic acid (AA) from activated platelets. AA is involved in many pathologic conditions, such as inflammation, asthma, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and the pathogenesis of kidney disease. The aim of this study was to define whether the dialysis type affects the concentration of AA derivatives in patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: 117 patients were qualified to the study group. Based on the type of renal replacement therapy, patients were divided into the following groups: hemodialysis (HD A - before/HD B - after hemodialysis), peritoneal dialysis (PD), kidney transplant patients (TE - before/TE A - after transplantation) and conservative treatment (CT) (30; 30; 27; 30 patients, respectively). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers (NK). The ELISA methods were used to measure the concentrations of TXB2, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE in the blood serum. RESULTS: Renal replacement therapy significantly influences the concentration of TXB2 (mean ± SD [ng/mL]: HD A- 34.6 ± 9; HD B- 28.3 ± 15.2; PD- 28.3 ± 15.2; CT- 34.2 ± 8.0; TE- 36.7 ± 42.9; TE A- 27.9 ± 8.8; NK- 19.6 ± 15; p = 0.010), 5-HETE (mean ± SD [ng/mL]: HD A- 284.2 ± 428.4; HD B- 304.8 ± 516.2; PD - 530.0 ± 553.3; CT- 318.7 ± 366.0; TE- 525.6 ± 358.0; TE A - 409.8 ± 377.1; NK 838.1 ± 497.8; p < 0.001) and 15-HETE (HD A-18.1 ± 8.7; HD B- 42.2 ± 14; PD - 36.3 ± 13.8; CT- 33.7 ± 14.0; TE- 19.5 ± 10.2; TE A - 34.4 ± 16.3; NK 22.2 ± 17.8; p < 0,001). There was a significant relationship between the type of renal replacement therapy and the duration of dialysis, and the concentration of TXB2, 12-HETE acid, and 15-HETE. CONCLUSIONS: The type of renal replacement therapy significantly affects the concentration of AA derivatives. Peritoneal dialysis is the best method of dialysis, taking into account the concentration of arachidonic acid derivatives.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Terapia de Substituição Renal/métodos , Tromboxano B2/sangue , Ácido 12-Hidroxi-5,8,10,14-Eicosatetraenoico/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Peritoneal/métodos , Diálise Renal/métodosRESUMO
Oxylipids are potent lipid mediators associated with inflammation-induced colon carcinomas and colon tumor survival. Therefore, oxylipid profiles may be useful as novel biomarkers of colon polyp presence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma non-esterified oxylipids and the presence of colon polyps. A total of 123 Caucasian men, ages 48 to 65, were categorized into three groups: those with no polyps, those with one or more hyperplastic polyps, and those with one or more adenomas. Plasma non-esterified oxylipids were analyzed using solid phase extraction and quantified using a targeted HPLC tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunn's test for multiple comparison and generalized linear models to adjust for confounding factors such as age, anthropometrics, and smoking status. In general, monohydroxy omega-6-derived oxylipids were significantly increased in those with polyps. Concentrations of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 11-HETE were significantly higher in those with hyperplastic polyps and adenomas compared to those with no polyps. Arachidonic acid-derived HETEs were significantly associated with colon polyp types, even after adjusting for age, smoking, and body mass index or waist circumference in regression models. Since many of these oxylipids are formed through oxygenation by lipoxygenases (i.e., 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE, and 15- hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid [HETrE]) or auto-oxidative reactions (i.e., 11-HETE), this may indicate that lipoxygenase activity and lipid peroxidation are increased in those with colon polyps. In addition, since oxylipids such as 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE are signaling molecules involved in inflammation regulation, these oxylipids may have important functions in inflammation-associated polyp presence. Future studies should be performed in a larger cohorts to investigate if these oxylipids are useful as potential biomarkers of colon polyps.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/efeitos adversos , Pólipos do Colo/epidemiologia , Pólipos do Colo/etiologia , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Ácido Araquidônico/sangue , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/metabolismo , Lipidômica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenoma accounts as a complex and multifactorial intracranial neoplasm with wide range of clinical symptoms which its underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. The bioactive lipid mediators received attentions toward their contribution in cancer cell proliferation, progression and death. Amongst, 15-Lipoxygense (15-Lox) enzymes and products display appealing role in cancer pathogenesis which their possible effect in pituitary adenoma tumor genesis is perused in the current study. METHODS: The 15-Lipoxygenses isoforms expression level was evaluated in tumor tissues of prevalent functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissues via Real-Time PCR. The circulating levels of 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE as 15-Lox main products were assessed in serum of patients and healthy subjects using enzyme immunoassay kits. RESULTS: Our results revealed that 15-Lox-1 and 15-Lox-2 expression levels were elevated in tumor tissues of pituitary adenomas comparing to normal pituitary tissues. The elevated levels of both isoforms were accompanied with 15(S) HETE and 13(S) HODE elevation in the serum of patients. The 15-Lox-1 expression and activity was higher in invasive tumors as well as tumors with bigger size indicating the possible pro-tumorigenic role of 15-Lox-1, more than 15-Lox-2 in pituitary adenomas. The diagnostic value of 15-Lipoxygense isoforms and products were considerable between patients and healthy groups. CONCLUSION: The possible involvement of 15-Lipoxygense pathway especially 15-Lox-1 in the regulation of pituitary tumor growth and progression may open up new molecular mechanism regarding pituitary adenoma pathogenesis and might shed light on its new therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Adenoma/enzimologia , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/genética , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/enzimologia , Adenoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Ácidos Linoleicos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: Imbalances in cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent eicosanoid formation may play a central role in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). We reported previously that inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) action ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI in rats. Now we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) actions may counteract the detrimental effects of 20-HETE and prevent the initiation of AKI. METHODS: Male Lewis rats underwent right nephrectomy and ischemia was induced by 45 min clamping of the left renal pedicle followed by up to 48 h of reperfusion. Circulating CYP-eicosanoid profiles were compared in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with (n = 21) and without (n = 38) developing postoperative AKI. RESULTS: Ischemia induced an about eightfold increase of renal 20-HETE levels, whereas free EETs were not accumulated. To compensate for this imbalance, a synthetic 14,15-EET analogue was administered by intrarenal infusion before ischemia. The EET analogue improved renal reoxygenation as monitored by in vivo parametric MRI during the initial 2 h reperfusion phase. The EET analogue improved PI3K- as well as mTORC2-dependent rephosphorylation of Akt, induced inactivation of GSK-3ß, reduced the development of tubular apoptosis and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration. The EET analogue also significantly alleviated the I/R-induced drop in creatinine clearance. Patients developing postoperative AKI featured increased preoperative 20-HETE and 8,9-EET levels. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological interventions targeting the CYP-eicosanoid pathway could offer promising new options for AKI prevention. Individual differences in CYP-eicosanoid formation may contribute to the risk of developing AKI in clinical settings.
Assuntos
Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/análogos & derivados , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Isquemia/etiologia , Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoico/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Animais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/química , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/metabolismo , Isquemia/patologia , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The involvement of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), a 12-lipooxygenase product of arachidonic acid, has been suggested in atherosclerosis. However, its effect on macrophage functions is not completely understood, so far. The uptake of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages is an anti-inflammatory process, impaired in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. This process induces the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and it is regulated by Rho-GTPases, whose activation involves the isoprenylation, a modification inhibited by statins. We assessed 12-HETE levels in serum of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, and explored 12(S)-HETE in vitro effect on monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) efferocytosis. Sixty-four CAD patients and 24 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled. Serum 12-HETE levels were measured using a tandem mass spectrometry method. MDMs, obtained from a spontaneous differentiation of adherent monocytes, were treated with 12(S)-HETE (10-50 ng/mL). Efferocytosis and RhoA activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. IL-10 was measured by ELISA. CAD patients showed increased 12-HETE serum levels compared to HS (665.2 [438.1-896.2] ng/mL and 525.1 [380.1-750.1] ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05) and reduced levels of IL-10. MDMs expressed the 12(S)-HETE cognate receptor GPR31. CAD-derived MDMs displayed defective efferocytosis vs HS-MDMs (9.4 [7.7-11.3]% and 11.1 [9.6-14.1]% of MDMs that have engulfed apoptotic cells, respectively, p < 0.01). This reduction is marked in MDMs obtained from patients not treated with statin (9.3 [7.4-10.6]% statin-free CAD vs HS, p = 0.01; and 9.9 [8.6-11.6]% statin-treated CAD vs HS, p = 0.07). The in vitro treatment of MDMs with 12(S)-HETE (20 ng/mL) induced 20% decrease of efferocytosis (p < 0.01) and 71% increase of RhoA activated form (p < 0.05). Atorvastatin (0.1 µM) counteracted these 12(S)-HETE-mediated effects.These results show a 12(S)-HETE pro-inflammatory effect and suggest a new potential contribution of this mediator in the development of atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/imunologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/imunologia , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Apoptose , Aterosclerose/sangue , Células Cultivadas , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Células Jurkat , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: The purpose of our investigation was to analyze the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators (HETE, HODE) and the levels of selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with regard to concomitant metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The study involved 151 men with BPH. Blood samples were taken for laboratory analysis of the serum levels of metabolic and hormonal parameters. Gas chromatography was performed using an Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System. Results: We found that waist circumference was the only parameter related to the levels of fatty acids, namely: 13(S)-HODE, 9(S)-HODE, 15(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 5-HETE. In the patients with BPH and MetS, triglycerides correlated with 9(S)-HODE, 15(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, and 5-HETE, which was not observed in the patients without MetS. Similarly, total cholesterol correlated with 9(S)-HODE, and 15(S)-HETE in the patients with BPH and MetS, but not in those without MetS. In the group of BPH patients with MetS, total testosterone positively correlated with 13(S)-HODE, and free testosterone with 9(S)-HODE. Conclusions: Based on this study, it can be concluded that lipid mediators of inflammation can influence the levels of biochemical and hormonal parameters, depending on the presence of MetS in BPH patients.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangue , Idoso , Eicosanoides , Humanos , Inflamação/complicações , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hiperplasia Prostática/etiologia , Testosterona/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that inflammation increases risk for ovarian cancer. Aspirin has been shown to decrease ovarian cancer risk, though the mechanism is unknown. Studies of inflammatory markers, lipid molecules such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linoleic acid metabolites, and development of ovarian cancer are essential to understand the potential mechanisms. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study (157 cases/156 matched controls) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between prediagnostic serum levels of 31 arachidonic acid/linoleic acid/alpha-linoleic acid metabolites and risk of ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Five of the 31 arachidonic acid/linoleic acid/alpha-linoleic acid (free fatty acids) metabolites were positively associated with ovarian cancer risk: 8-HETE [tertile 3 vs. 1: OR 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-5.39), P trend 0.02], 12,13-DHOME [2.49 (1.29-4.81), 0.01], 13-HODE [2.47 (1.32-4.60), 0.005], 9-HODE [1.97 (1.06-3.68), 0.03], 9,12,13-THOME [2.25 (1.20-4.21), 0.01]. In analyses by subtype, heterogeneity was suggested for 8-HETE [serous OR (95% CI): 2.53 (1.18-5.39) vs. nonserous OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.56-2.36), P het 0.1] and 12,13-EpOME [1.95 (0.90-4.22) vs. 0.82 (0.39-1.73), 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Women with increased levels of five fatty acid metabolites (8-HETE, 12,13-DHOME, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, and 9,12,13-THOME) were at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer in the ensuing decade. All five metabolites are derived from either arachidonic acid (8-HETE) or linoleic acid (12,13-DHOME, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 9,12,13-THOME) via metabolism through the LOX/cytochrome P450 pathway. IMPACT: The identification of these risk-related fatty acid metabolites provides mechanistic insights into the etiology of ovarian cancer and indicates the direction for future research.
Assuntos
Ácidos Araquidônicos/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Ácidos Linoleicos/sangue , Neoplasias Ovarianas/sangue , Idoso , Ácidos Araquidônicos/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Inflamação , Ácidos Linoleicos/metabolismo , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismoRESUMO
The pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) involves Th2-mediated eosinophil recruitment and degranulation into the esophagus. However, measuring serum Th2 cytokines, eosinophils, and eosinophil-derived products does not reliably distinguish EoE from control populations. Non-invasive methods to diagnose EoE are lacking. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a novel candidate biomarker of EoE: 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). We used immunoassay to measure 15(S)-HETE and cytokine profiles in patients undergoing endoscopy with known or suspected EoE. 31 subjects were enrolled, 16 with EoE, and 15 with an alternate diagnosis. 15(S)-HETE was elevated in the EoE group compared to non-EoE group. The sensitivity and specificity of 15(S)-HETE to be used as a non-invasive marker is 50% and 80%, respectively. 15(S)-HETE may aid in the diagnosis of EoE.
Assuntos
Esofagite Eosinofílica/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biópsia , Contagem de Células , Criança , Citocinas/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Esofagite Eosinofílica/diagnóstico , Eosinófilos/patologia , Doenças do Esôfago/sangue , Doenças do Esôfago/diagnóstico , Esofagoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. Inflammation resolution is recognised as an important process driven by specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation (SPMs) and has the potential to moderate chronic inflammation. Alcohol has the potential to affect synthesis of SPMs by altering key enzymes involved in SPM synthesis and may influence ongoing inflammation associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. AIMS: (i) To examine the effects of alcohol consumed as red wine on plasma SPM in men and women with Type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial and (ii) compare baseline plasma SPM levels in the same patients with those of healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to a three-period crossover study with men drinking red wine 300â¯ml/day (â¼31â¯g alcohol/day) and women drinking red wine 230â¯ml/day (â¼24â¯g alcohol/day), or equivalent volumes of dealcoholized red wine (DRW) or water, each for 4 weeks. The SPM 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), E-series resolvins (Rv) (RvE1-RvE3), 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), and D-series resolvins (RvD1, 17R-RvD1, RvD2, RvD5), 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and Maresin 1 were measured at the end of each period. A baseline comparison of plasma SPM, hs CRP, lipids and glucose was made with healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Red wine did not differentially affect any of the SPM measured when compared with DRW or water. Baseline levels of the hs-CRP and the SPM 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, RvD1 and 17R-RvD1 in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were all significantly elevated compared with healthy controls and remained so after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION: Moderate alcohol consumption as red wine does not alter plasma SPM in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The elevation of SPM levels compared with healthy volunteers may be a homeostatic response to counter ongoing inflammation.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , VinhoRESUMO
The long-chain fatty acid receptor FFAR1 is highly expressed in pancreatic ß-cells. Synthetic FFAR1 agonists can be used as antidiabetic drugs to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the physiological role of FFAR1 in ß-cells remains poorly understood. Here we show that 20-HETE activates FFAR1 and promotes GSIS via FFAR1 with higher potency and efficacy than dietary fatty acids such as palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acid. Murine and human ß-cells produce 20-HETE, and the ω-hydroxylase-mediated formation and release of 20-HETE is strongly stimulated by glucose. Pharmacological inhibition of 20-HETE formation and blockade of FFAR1 in islets inhibits GSIS. In islets from type-2 diabetic humans and mice, glucose-stimulated 20-HETE formation and 20-HETE-dependent stimulation of GSIS are strongly reduced. We show that 20-HETE is an FFAR1 agonist, which functions as an autocrine positive feed-forward regulator of GSIS, and that a reduced glucose-induced 20-HETE formation contributes to inefficient GSIS in type-2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Glucose/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Comunicação Autócrina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células COS , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Chlorocebus aethiops , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/farmacologia , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Obesos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of CYP2C192 (rs4244285), CYP4F23 (rs2108622), and nongenetic factors on platelet aggregation and to investigate the mechanism of CYP4F2's effect on platelet aggregation in the patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. A total of 146 patients were included in this study. Ticagrelor or clopidogrel were administered in a loading dose of 180âmg and 600âmg, respectively, in combination with aspirin (300âmg). Blood samples for analysis were taken the next morning after antiplatelet therapy induction. Clopidogrel users with the CYP2C1912 variant had higher platelet aggregation values (median 43, range 30-54%) compared with 11 wild-type carriers (median 33, range 15-77%; Pâ=â0.009). Carriers of the CYP4F213 variant had higher platelet aggregation values than carriers of the 33 variant (median 34, range 8-70% vs. median 24.5, range 10-47%, Pâ=â0.016, respectively). Higher CYP4F2 concentrations were detected in clopidogrel users than in ticagrelor users (median 3.6, range 1.6-22.0âng/ml vs. median 2.3, range 1.6-27.2âng/ml, Pâ=â0.056, respectively) and in carriers of the CYP4F213 variant compared with carriers of the 11 variant (median 4.3, range 1.6-27.2âng/ml vs. median 2.4, range 1.6-22.0âng/ml, Pâ=â0.009, respectively). No correlation between plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and CYP4F2 enzyme concentrations were detected (râ=â-0.045, Pâ=â0.587). Our results proved that CYP2C192 might significantly affect antiplatelet function of clopidogrel. Plasma CYP4F2 concentrations were significantly lower in ticagrelor users than in clopidogrel users.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19/genética , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/genética , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Clopidogrel , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ticagrelor , Ticlopidina/administração & dosagem , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
The biomarker identification of cancer is benefit for early detection and less invasion. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolite as inflammatory mediators can affect progression and treatment of cancer. In this work, the serum was collected from colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers, and then we tested the change of serum PUFA metabolites in both of them by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Of the 158 PUFA and their metabolites, we found that abnormal change of 2, 3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α, 19-HETE and 12-keto-LTB4 from arachidonic acid were observed in colorectal cancer patients. Meanwhile, 9-HODE and 13-HODE from linoleic acid were significant lower in colorectal cancer patients. Our data suggested that some PUFA metabolites might be used as a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer, which might provide assistance in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Ácido Araquidônico/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Ácido Linoleico/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxylipids are oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites that are responsible for the onset and resolution of the inflammatory response. Enzymatic oxygenation through the lipoxygenase (LOX) or cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathways can form oxylipids that have either proinflammatory or proresolving functions depending on the type of PUFA substrate and degree of metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine how PUFA substrates and their corresponding oxylipids are associated with obesity. METHODS: Plasma non-esterified FA and oxylipids were isolated from 123 Caucasian males using solid phase extraction and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included linear regressions and polytomous logistic regressions, and the responses were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and serum leptin, total adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-peptide. Models were adjusted for age and smoking, and p-values were corrected for false discovery per Benjamini-Hochberg and Bonferroni. RESULTS: We report that BMI, WC, and several serum cytokines were highly associated arachidonic acid (ARA)-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and vicinal diols (i.e., alcohols on adjacent carbon atoms) derived from several PUFAs. There was a significant linear relationship between BMI, WC, and serum leptin, and ARA-derived 5-, 11-, and 15-HETE. Specifically, BMI and WC were positively associated with proinflammatory 5- and 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), even after normalization to ARA concentrations and false discovery p-value correction. Individuals with 5-HETE concentrations >5.01nmol/L or 11-HETE concentrations and >0.89nmol/L were over 5 times more likely to be obese compared to those with ≤1.86nmol/L and ≤0.39nmol/L, respectively. Vicinal diols from linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid were inversely associated with obesity. Across all statistical tests, vicinal diols were inversely associated with obesity whether normalized to parent PUFA concentrations or normalized to precursor epoxides. Interestingly, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were not associated with any oxylipids. Since 5-HETE is a 5LOX product, 11-HETE is marker of lipid peroxidation, and vicinal diols are formed through soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) metabolism of CYP epoxygenated PUFAs, therefore, these results indicate that obesity is likely associated with altered metabolism with distinct oxygenating pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that obesity is associated with specific oxylipids indicative of altered PUFA metabolism through several pathways (i.e., LOX, reactive oxygen species, and sEH and CYP epoxygenase), rather than attributed solely to altered dietary PUFA intake.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Obesidade/metabolismo , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/patologia , População BrancaRESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of acute hyperoxia on cerebral and systemic heamodynamics and the plasma concentration of prostacyclin and thromboxane in patients with stroke. METHODS: Mean blood flow velocity (MBFV), pulsatility and resistance indices of the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler ultrasound before and during acute hyperoxia (4 L of 100%O2/15' over facial mask) in 92 participants - 25 patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) that occurred within 72 hours and diabetes mellitus (SPDM), 26 AIS patients without DM (SP) and in 41 healthy controls (HS), were measured. Partial pressure of O2 (pO2), blood pressure and heart rate were measured using pulse oxymeter and pressure gauge, respectively. All the above measurements, as well as cerebral vasoreactivity assessments were performed, before, at the end of the 15 minute period of hyperoxia, and 15 minutes after hyperoxia. The plasma concentration of thromboxane and prostacyclin were determined by ELISA assays. RESULTS: MBFV increased in both SP and SPDM, while MBFV decreased in HS in response to hyperoxia. Thromboxane correlated negatively and prostacyclin positively with MBVF in the SPDM, although their concentrations did not differ significantly after hyperoxia among groups. CONCLUSION: Results suggest impaired vascular reactivity to acute hyperoxia in patients with stroke and the possible role of thromboxane A2/prostacycline in mediating cerebrovascular reactivity in SPDM. ABBREVIATIONS: ANG, II angiotensin II; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; BP, blood pressure; CBF, cerebral blood flow; CDI, colour Doppler imaging; COX, cyclooxigenase; COVR, cerebrovascular oxygen vasoreactivity; CVR, cerebrovascular reactivity; HR, heart rate; HS, healthy subjects; MBFV, mean blood flow velocity; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PG, 6-keto-PGF1alfa; PGI2, prostacycline; PI, pulsatility index; pO2 partial pressure of O2; RI, resistance index; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SP, stroke patients; TCD, transcranial doppler; TXA2, thromboxane A2; TXB, thromboxane B2; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; 20-HETE, 20-hydroxieicosatetraenoic acid.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Hiperóxia/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Hiperóxia/sangue , Hiperóxia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Tromboxano A2/sangue , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of neurologic deterioration (ND) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between CYP genetic variants and CYP metabolite levels with ND in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven CYP genes were genotyped in 396 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The CYP plasma metabolite levels (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE], total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs], and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids [DiHETEs]) were also assessed. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days on admission. ND was defined as an increase of two or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. RESULTS: Among 396 patients, 101 patients (25.5%) experienced ND. The plasma levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs were significantly higher and the EET levels were significantly lower in patients with ND compared to patients without ND. Univariate analyses revealed that old age, diabetes mellitus (DM), higher fasting glucose, and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with ND. CYP2C8 rs17110453 CC, EPHX2 rs751141 GG, and CYP4A11 rs9333025 GG were independently associated with ND after adjusting age, DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.72; OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29-7.13; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.24, respectively). Also, these polymorphisms were associated with CYP metabolite levels in patients with ND. CONCLUSIONS: ND is fairly common in acute ischemic stroke. Specific CYP gene SNPs are associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels, which may explain their associations with ND. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Eicosanoides/sangue , Degeneração Neural , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático/genética , Biomarcadores/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/enzimologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etnologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , China/epidemiologia , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C8/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C8/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP4A/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP4A/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Epóxido Hidrolases/genética , Epóxido Hidrolases/metabolismo , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fenótipo , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/enzimologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etnologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
SCOPE: To identify biomarkers of orange juice (OJ) consumption containing different doses of polyphenols and to determine its impact on oxidative stress and inflammation using an untargeted metabolomics analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty subjects aged 22-63 years from the BIONAOS study consumed a normal-polyphenol OJ (NPJ) or a high-polyphenol OJ (HPJ) (299 or 745 mg/L, respectively) for 12 weeks in a randomized, parallel, double-blind study. UHPLC-MS, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis and ROC curves were used to design biomarkers of consumption in serum. We propose betonicine, stachydrine, methyl glucopyranoside (alpha+beta), dihydroferulic acid and galactonate as a new metabolic signature to distinguish the intake of OJ with a different polyphenol content. Changes in metabolites related to OJ, oxidative stress and inflammation were observed. After HPJ consumption, the serum levels of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE+13-HODE) and dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12,13-DiHOME and 9,10-DiHOME) decreased, whereas levels of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) increased. 5-HETE increased after the NPJ intervention exclusively. CONCLUSION: We designed a new panel of biomarkers to differentiate the intake of OJs containing different doses of polyphenols. On the other hand, the consumption of an OJ with a high content of flavanones improved oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Citrus sinensis , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ácido 12-Hidroxi-5,8,10,14-Eicosatetraenoico/sangue , Adulto , Citrus sinensis/química , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Metabolômica/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/urina , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Prolina/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To better understand the relationship between the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 variants and plasma levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, i.e.,20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETEs) in ischemia stroke (IS). METHODS: We measured plasma CYP metabolite levels in 218 acute IS cases and 126 controls, and a subset of samples were assessed to further understand the association between relevant variants and IS risk in our previous study. We assessed the associations between variant interactions and levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DiHETEs as well as the associations between levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DiHETEs and IS risk after adjusting for other potential confounders. Furthermore, the association between variant interactions and IS risk after adjusting for other covariates, including CYP metabolites levels, was evaluated. RESULTS: The interactions among variants rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 were significantly associated with high 20-HETE, high DiHETEs, and low EETs after adjusting for the status of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. High 20-HETE, high DiHETEs, and low EETs were independent risk factors for IS after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025. Furthermore, the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 were significantly associated with a higher risk of IS after adjusting for CYP metabolites (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.28-5.27, P=0.007). CONCLUSION: The association between the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 and IS risk in Chinese population may be partly but not exclusively mediated by plasma levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DHETs. Further well-designed studies are warranted to replicate this finding.