Analysis of characteristics and causes of gas explosion accidents: a historical review of coal mine accidents in China.

Objectives This study aimed to provide greater insight into the characteristics of severe and extraordinarily severe gas explosion accidents (SESGEAs). Methods. The study analyzed the accident characteristics and causes of SESGEAs. As an example, we conducted a specialized case analysis using the 24Model (fourth edition) on the recent Baoma coal mine gas explosion. Results. SESGEA data are characterized by greater volatility, with significant differences in the geographical distribution, temporal distribution and attributed characteristics of the accidents. From the accident analysis: chaotic ventilation management was the most serious accident cause of SESGEAs; unsafe acts related to ventilation operations accounted for 18.51% of all unsafe acts; coal miners lack professional safety knowledge and have a serious fluke mentality in mining work; enterprises have insufficient enforcement of safety procedure documents, and lack of attention to the allocation of underground human resources and safety training systems; and the importance of safety, the role of the safety department and satisfaction with safety facilities have become the most serious missing items of safety culture. Conclusion. This study can provide important data support and management basis to assist mine operators in developing more targeted accident prevention strategies.

Emotional intelligence as a conduit for improved occupational health safety environment in the oil and gas sector.

To address the issue of promoting occupational health and safety at the workplace, this study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of four different dimensional constructs of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on the influence Occupational Health and Safety Management Practices (OHSMP) hold on safety performance and workplace accidents among oil and gas workers. The study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 699 respondents from the three major government-owned oil and gas organizations. The multiple standard regression and bootstrapping mediation methods were used for data analysis after subjecting the data to exploratory and confirmatory factor assessments. Results indicated that OHSMP significantly predicts EI, safety performance, and workplace accidents. Again, EI was found to predict safety performance and workplace accidents significantly. Results also indicated that all the construct dimensions for measuring EI significantly explain the relationship between OHSMP and safety performance, as well as the influence of OHSMP on workplace accidents. The theoretical basis for these findings is that workers with high-level EI are likely to cope with occupational health and safety lapses or safety-related challenges at the workplace by participating and complying with the organization's safety management practices or procedures. Such employees are likely to exhibit safe working behaviors and contribute to improving safety performance in the organization.

[COVID-19 as an insurance case of the statutory accident insurance: occupational disease or occupational accident : Relevant knowledge for the (general and abdominal) surgeon]. / COVID-19 als Versicherungsfall der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung: Berufskrankheit oder Arbeitsunfall : Relevantes Wissen für den (Allgemein­/Viszeral­)Chirurgen.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in many infections with the virus and sickness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, there was a dramatic increase in the number of reported and recognized occupational diseases (Berufskrankheit, BK) and occupational accidents (Arbeitsunfall, AU) at the German Social Accident Insurance Institutions (BG) and accident insurance funds (Unfallkassen).The publication aims to show the differences between BK and AU and to review the current data on occupational diseases. It deals with the definitions of BK and AU, the differences in the conditions for recognition as BK or AU. Furthermore, the claims for benefits are presented. Finally, statistical key figures of the BK according to No. 3101 and the AU are presented.Results (key points)- According to § 7 SGB VII, AU and BK are insured events of the statutory accident insurance.- In surgery, like specifically in the rest of the healthcare system, the relevance of the SARS-CoV­2 infection with post-COVID in personnel for occupational medical prevention and as a case to be recognized by the statutory accident insurance (BK or AU) becomes clear.- Relevant for the recognition are the duration and the intensity of the contact (local proximity) and the SARS-CoV­2 occupational health and safety rule of 20 August 2020 essentially recognizes a contact duration of at least 15 min at a spatial distance of less than 1.5-2 m (further aspects: more intensive shorter contacts, number of verifiably infected persons in the closer activity environment or the usual personal contacts, spatial situation, work route, special constellations).- No case numbers can be elicited for the detailed presentation of the surgery setting.- There are still immense problems and challenges in the assessment of COVID-19 consequences or post-COVID as occupational disease, as numerous uncertainty factors, such as insufficiently secured knowledge about the further long-term course over the years or the widely varied symptom spectrum complicates the medical assessment of the consequences of this disease.Conclusion: the SARS-CoV­2 pandemic is a special challenge for surgery with intensive patient contact and for the entire healthcare system. This caused long-lasting changes and the adequate health care as well as insurance law processing of the (case-specific) consequences might still require considerable efforts and resources.

Research on the Causes of Gas Explosion Accidents Based on Safety Information Transmission.

To better explain the cause of gas explosion accidents, based on the existing accident-causation theory, this paper proposes an accident-causation model of gas explosion accidents based on safety information transmission. Based on this, a new method for the prevention of gas explosion accidents can be developed. By analysing the connection between safety information transmission and the causal factors of gas explosion accidents, it is inferred that the loss of safety information transmission is the key factor leading to accidents. Safety information transmission is a process chain in which information is transmitted between the information source and information subject. This process involves the stages of information generation, conversion, perception, cognition, decision-making, and execution. Information loss is inevitable during the transmission process. When the information loss of the degree of safety affects the judgment of the information subject on the current situation and decision making, the possibility of accidents increases. Therefore, in this study, we constructed an accident-causation model for gas explosion accidents based on the three elements and six stages of safety information transmission. Subsequently, the DEMATEL-ISM method was used to quantitatively analyse the causes of gas explosion accidents. Through a multilevel hierarchical structure division of the accident causes, the cause, result, and root factors affecting accidents were identified, and countermeasures were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of gas explosion accidents.

Modeling the Evolution of Major Storm-Disaster-Induced Accidents in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry.

Storm disasters are the most common cause of accidents in offshore oil and gas industries. To prevent accidents resulting from storms, it is vital to analyze accident propagation and to learn about accident mechanism from previous accidents. In this paper, a novel risk analysis framework is proposed for systematically identifying and analyzing the evolution of accident causes. First, accident causal factors are identified and coded based on grounded theory (GT). Then, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is integrated with interpretative structural modeling (ISM) to establish accident evolution hierarchy. Finally, complex networks (CN) are developed to analyze the evolution process of accidents. Compared to reported works, the contribution is threefold: (1) the demand for expert knowledge and personnel subjective influence are reduced through the data induction of accident cases; (2) the method of establishing influence matrix and interaction matrix is improved according to the accident frequency analysis; (3) a hybrid algorithm that can calculate multiple shortest paths of accident evolution under the same node pair is proposed. This method provides a new idea for step-by-step assessment of the accident evolution process, which weakens the subjectivity of traditional methods and achieves quantitative assessment of the importance of accident evolution nodes. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated by a case study of major offshore oil and gas industry accidents caused by storm disasters. Results show that there are five key nodes and five critical paths in the process of accident evolution. Through targeted prevention and control of these nodes and paths, the average shortest path length of the accident evolution network is increased by 35.19%, and the maximum global efficiency decreases by 20.12%. This indicates that the proposed method has broad applicability and can effectively reduce operational risk, so that it can guide actual offshore oil and gas operations during storm disasters.

Evaluation of effectiveness of risk-based comprehensive safety training planning in the gas pipeline construction industry.

Safety training programs play an effective role in reducing diseases and accidents during working. The purpose of this study was comprehensive safety training planning for the gas pipeline construction industry, and investigation of its effectiveness in a pilot project. For this purpose, in an interventional research study (before and after), a risk-based training needs assessment was performed. Afterwards, a comprehensive training program was developed and implemented based on this assessment. After 6 months of implementing this training program, its effectiveness was assessed using three questionnaires and 19 checklists. Comparison of scores before and after the training showed that the changes made in all cases were significant. Therefore, comprehensive training planning and its implementation based on the hazards of the workplace and the level of risk in the construction of pipelines play an effective role in increasing safety knowledge, perceptions, attitude and behavior of workers.

Taxas de risco de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: efeito do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção (FAP)? / Risk rates of workplace accidents in Brazil: effect of the Accidental Prevention Factor (APF)?

Resumo A ocorrência de acidentes e de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho são expressões concretas da exposição dos trabalhadores aos riscos presentes no ambiente laboral. Historicamente o conflito de interesses entre empregadores e trabalhadores obrigou o Estado a assumir a função de regulação desta relação, instituindo leis e fiscalizando a aplicação das normas de saúde e segurança no trabalho. O Fator Acidentário de Prevenção (FAP) é uma dessas estratégias. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a correlação entre as taxas de risco de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil antes (2006-2009) e depois (2010-2016) da vigência do FAP. Estudo ecológico com análise temporal de séries de taxas de acidentes de trabalho registrados nas bases de dados da Previdência Social no período 2006 e 2016. A análise incluiu o cálculo das taxas de risco de acidentes segundo grandes regiões brasileiras, divisões do CNAE, motivo/situação, capítulos do CID-10, sexo e idade. A comparação entre os resultados dos dois períodos foi realizada utilizando-se as taxas de risco médias com a aplicação do teste t de Student e da correlação de Spearman. Basicamente todas as séries de taxas analisadas obtiveram forte tendência de redução no período de vigência do FAP, ao contrário do que ocorreu no período imediatamente anterior.

Abstract Historically, the conflict of interests between employers and workers obliged the State to assume the role of regulating this relationship, instituting laws and overseeing the application of health and safety standards at work. The Accident Prevention Factor (FAP) is one of these guidelines. This article aims to analyze the correlations between the FAP and the risk rate for occupational accidents in Brazil in the period between 2006 and 2016. Ecological study, which analyzed the occupational accidents, registered in the Brazilian Social Security database in the period between 2006 and 2016. The analysis included the calculation of accident risk rates according to the Brazilian regions, divisions of the CNAE, reason/situation, ICD-10 chapters, sex and age. The comparison between results from the two periods was performed using the average risk rates from the two periods using Student t test, Spearman correlation and beta value. Basically, all rate series analyzed had a strong downward trend in the FAP period, contrary to what occurred in the immediately previous period.

Comprehensive analysis and investigation of accident/occupational disease responsibility rates: A case study for accidental CO poisoning.

One of the major problems of courts and insurance companies is the lack of a proper technique to determine the rate of responsibility of the parties involved in the accident. The aim of this study was to determine the Accident/Occupational Diseases Responsibility Rates (AOD RR) for complex events. Accordingly, a case study of a complex accident of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning was selected and Occupational Accident Tree Analysis (OATA) and Occupational Accident Component Analysis (OACA) techniques, which were solely used to investigate occupational accidents, were used with the new names Accident/Occupational Disease Tree Analysis (AOD TA) and Accident/Occupational Disease Component Analysis (AOD CA) to evaluate their applicability to investigate non-occupational accidents and occupational diseases. For this purpose, causes of CO penetration to victims' room was assessed using gas tracking methods. Finally, Fuzzy Accident/Occupational Disease Tree/Component Analysis (FAOD TA and FAOD CA) techniques were developed and used for determining AOD RR in fuzzy environment. The results showed that the AOD RR obtained by AOD TA and AOD CA based on the average of experts' personal opinions and consensus between experts, and AOD TA and AOD CA in a fuzzy environment were close to each other, with the power terminal and the power cable crossing route being the main routes of transmission and penetration of CO to the victims' room. Also, the owner, contractor, tenant, and serviceman were responsible for the CO poisoning of victims. It can be concluded that any hole, crack, or fission in the building can result in CO penetration to the individuals' living rooms, and gas tracking in early winter, especially in older buildings, plays a very significant role in preventing residents' poisoning. Further, due to the uncertainty of AOD TA and AOD CA techniques, it is recommended to use FAOD TA and FAOD CA techniques for increasing the accuracy of the results. This will enhance the court and insurance companies' trust in the opinions of accident investigation experts, decrease delays in the proceedings, and prevent any violation of the individual rights.

How to analyse the injury based on 24Model: a case study of coal mine gas explosion injury.

BACKGROUND: Coal mine gas explosion injury has caused mass casualties, which have resulted in widespread concern. METHODS: In order to prevent gas explosion injury in coal mine, 24Model is proposed to analyse the risk in this paper. 24Model is a human-oriented and organisation-oriented risk analysis method. Based on the 24Model, we propose a general procedure for analysing the causes of injury within the organisation. RESULTS: A coal mine gas explosion case was analysed using the 24Model and the proposed analysis method, and the evolution of injury and the interaction of various causes was showed, and 6 unsafe conditions, 25 unsafe acts, 13 safety knowledge, 13 safety management systems and 13 safety cultures were obtained. CONCLUSION: Case analysis results show that by using the 24Model and analysis method the proposed effect can help employees to clearly see the evolution and identify the causes of the injury, to better understand the logical relationship with the causes of the injury, improve the effectiveness of training and effectively prevent similar injury. The case study provides a practical procedure for injury investigation and analysis, and thus, preventive measures can be made according to the various causations at different levels.

Implementação do programa de prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes: análise documental / Implementation of the program to prevent accidents with sharps: a documentary analysis / Implementación del programa de prevención de accidentes con objetos punzocortantes: análisis de documentos

OBJETIVO: descrever o processo de implementação do programa de prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes em um hospital público. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, com análise retrospectiva documental, desenvolvido a partir da leitura exploratória, seletiva e analítica dos conteúdos presentes em registros do Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o preenchimento de um formulário semiestruturado e as análises foram baseadas nas adequações do programa às diretrizes da Portaria n° 1.748 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. RESULTADOS: o processo de implementação do programa foi concluído em oito etapas e atendeu às diretrizes da Portaria. O programa aperfeiçoou as medidas de controle convencionais e levou à adoção de medidas de engenharia. Pela avaliação da Comissão Gestora, o programa contribuiu para a redução dos acidentes. CONCLUSÃO: a implantação do programa foi bem-sucedida, servindo como modelo para outros hospitais brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the implementation process of the program to prevent accidents with sharps in a public hospital. METHOD: a descriptive study, with retrospective documentary analysis, developed from the exploratory, selective and analytical reading of the contents present in records of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine. Data collection was performed by filling out a semi-structured form and the analyses were based on the program's adaptations to the guidelines set forth in Ordinance No.1,748 of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. RESULTS: the program's implementation process was completed in eight stages and met the directives set forth in the Ordinance. The program improved the conventional control measures and led to the adoption of engineering measures. According to the evaluation by the Management Commission, the program contributed to a reduction in the number of accidents. CONCLUSION: implementation of the program was successful, serving as a model for other Brazilian hospitals

OBJETIVO: describir el proceso de implementación del programa de prevención de accidentes con objetos punzocortantes en un hospital público. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo con análisis documental retrospectivo, llevado a cabo a partir de la lectura exploratoria, selectiva y analítica de los contenidos presentes en los registros del Servicio Especializado en Ingeniería de la Seguridad y Medicina del Trabajo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la cumplimentación de un formulario semiestructurado y los análisis sebasaron en las adaptaciones del programa a las directrices de la Disposición nro. 1.748 del Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo. RESULTADOS: el proceso de implementación del programa se completó en ocho etapas y cumplió con las directrices de la Disposición. El programa perfeccionó las medidas de control convencionales y condujo a la adopción de medidas de ingeniería. Según la evaluación del Comité de Gestión, el programa contribuyó a la reducción de accidentes. CONCLUSIÓN: la implementación del programa fue exitosa y sirve de modelo para otros hospitales brasileños.

Quemadura con cloroformiato de etilo en ocasión de la respuesta a una emergencia química. A propósito de un caso / Burning by Ethyl chloroformate in response to a chemical emergency. A case report

Resumen Se describe un caso de quemadura causada por cloroformiato de etilo en ocasión de la respuesta a un incidente que requirió el trasvase del producto desde contenedores defectuosos a otros seguros. La investigación del evento puso en evidenciala necesidad de mantener un protocolo de registro de materiales que ingresan a la zona caliente, que debe ser tenido en cuentaal momento del retiro de los mismos, procediendo a su correcta descontaminación bajo la fiscalización del oficial de seguridad.

Abstract A burn by Ethyl chloroformate in occasion of response to a chemical emergency which required to transfer products from defective containers to safe containers is described. The investigation of the event highlighted the need to maintain aprotocol for the registration of materials to be entered in the hot zone, which must be considered al the moment of remove andproceeding to the proper decontamination under the supervision of the security officer.

Injuries outside of horseracing: is it time to focus on injury prevention of jockeys outside of races?

Objectives: Falls and injuries are frequent in professional horseracing. However, professional jockeys spend a large part of their week in horse-related activities outside of racing such as schooling, exercise riding, and yard-related activities. The injury risk related to these activities remains largely unknown internationally. This study aimed to identify the injury prevalence and injury profile of flat and jump jockeys during non-racing activities. Methods: In total 45.6% and 38.5% of all licensed Irish professional flat and jump jockeys completed a cross-sectional self-recall questionnaire examining injuries that occurred outside of racing during 2018. Injury proportion, repeat incidence proportion, and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Fifteen percent of professional jockeys sustained an injury outside of a race, half of those injured receiving at least another injury in 2018 and 66.52 injuries per 1,000 falls were noted. Injuries frequently occurred to the upper limb (36.67%), with fractures common (32.00%). Most injuries occurred due to a fall (60.00%) and 77.27% occurred in the gallops. Half of injuries resulted in the jockey missing racing, with 31.00 ± 47.18 (4-180) days lost on average. Twenty-three percent of jockeys attended hospital and 16.67% required surgery due to injury. Interestingly, just under a third did not report their injury to anyone. Conclusion: Injuries to professional jockeys, whilst not as frequent outside of racing, tend to be serious and can affect jockeys financially and impact their availability to ride. Prioritizing injury prevention strategies to maximize availability of jockeys to race is important. Education on the importance of reporting all injuries regardless of where they occur is important to ensure their management and rehabilitation.

Exposição a materiais biológicos: acidentes de trabalho entre os profissionais de saúde do estado de Pernambuco / Exposure to biological materials: work accidents among health professionals in the state of Pernambuco / Exposición a materiales biológicos: accidentes laborales entre profesionales de la salud en el estado de Pernambuco

Justificativa e Objetivos: Os impactos resultantes dos acidentes ocupacionais provocam riscos evitáveis à saúde dos trabalhadores. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os acidentes de trabalho por exposição a materiais biológicos que ocorrem entre profissionais da área de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo, com análise de distribuição bivariada dos dados secundários acerca da caracterização pessoal, das características do acidente e do desfecho, fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, no período de 2014 a 2016. A população foi composta por todos os casos de acidente de trabalho envolvendo profissionais dos serviços de saúde. A análise foi realizada mediante estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado para comparar as proporções percentuais de cada grupo de variável, assim como por teste qui-quadrado para independência, por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Science. Resultados: Entre as4.260 notificações, o perfil prevalente da amostra analisada foi o de profissionais do sexo feminino (83,53%),com nível de formação técnica (62,21%),cuja via preponderante de exposição aos acidentes foi a percutânea(75,0%) e o principal agente causal a agulha com lúmen (56,1%).Em relação ao desfecho dos casos, 61,3% foram fechados sem registro da informação. Quanto às distribuições bivariadas, as exposições por via percutânea e pele íntegra apresentaram pior desfecho (soroconversão), 22 e 10 casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados obtidos, evidenciam-se falhas no processo de notificação e acompanhamento dos acidentes de trabalho em Pernambuco, além de valores elevados e semelhantes de casos em todos os anos pesquisados, indicando a necessidade de aprimorar as estratégias que envolvem prevenção de acidentes e vigilância contínua nos serviços de saúde.(AU)

Justification and Objectives: The impacts of work accidents cause avoidable risks to workers' health. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe accidents caused by the exposure to biological materials that occur among health professionals. Methods: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and descriptive study, with bivariate distribution analysis of secondary data on personal characterization, accident characteristics and outcome, provided by the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2014 to 2016. The population consisted of all cases of work accidents involving health service professionals. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test to compare the percentage proportions of each variable group, chi-square test was also used for independence, using the software Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: Among the 4,260 notifications, the prevalent profile of the analyzed sample was female professionals (83.53%), with technical training level (62.21%), whose predominant route of exposure to accidents was percutaneous (75.0%) and the main causal agent was the lumen needle (56.1%). Regarding the outcome of the cases, 61.3% were closed without registering the information. Regarding bivariate distributions, percutaneous exposures and intact skin presented the worst outcome (seroconversion), 22 and 10 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the flaws in the process of notification and monitoring of work accidents in Pernambuco are clear. The high and stable number of cases in all surveyed years indicates the need to improve strategies that involve accident prevention and continuous surveillance in health services.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: Los impactos derivados de los accidentes laborales provocan riesgos evitables para la salud de los trabajadores. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los accidentes laborales con exposición a materiales biológicos entre los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo con análisis de distribución bivariada de datos secundarios sobre caracterización personal, características del accidente y el desenlace, proporcionado por el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables del estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, en el período de 2014 a 2016. La población estuvo compuesta por todos los casos de accidentes laborales que involucraron a profesionales de los servicios de salud. El análisis se realizó utilizando estadística descriptiva y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para comparar las proporciones porcentuales de cada grupo de variables, así como las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado para la independencia utilizando el software StatisticalPackagefor Social Science. Resultados: De las 4.260 notificaciones, el perfil prevalente de la muestra analizada fue el de mujeres profesionales (83,53%), con nivel de formacióntécnica (62,21%), en las que la vía de exposición a accidentes prevalente fue la percutánea (75,0%), y el agente causal lumen aguja (56,1%).En relación al desenlace de los casos, el 61,3% se cerraron sin registrar la información. En cuanto a las distribuciones bivariadas, las exposiciones percutáneas y la piel intacta presentaron peor evolución (seroconversión), con 22 y 10 casos, respectivamente. Conclusión: Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se evidencian fallas en el proceso de notificación y seguimiento de accidentes laborales en Pernambuco, además de altos valores y similares casos en todos los años encuestados, lo que indica la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias de prevención de accidentes y vigilancia continua en los servicios de salud.(AU)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) use and its relation to accidents among construction workers.

BACKGROUND: The construction industry is characterized by a high prevalence of accidents and injuries. Inadequate risk management measures, including failure to use or incorrect use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may significantly increase the risk of accidents. OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the current study were to measure the prevalence of PPE use and accidents and their associated factors among construction workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional field study with an analytic component was carried out on 384 workers from different sites in Port-Said, Egypt, using an interview administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and occupational data, practice of PPE use and accident analysis. RESULTS: About 60% of workers use PPE during work. Main reasons for non-use are discomfort, lack of knowledge on how to use it and poor fit. Occupational accidents in the last 12 months were reported by 64.3% of workers. The main accident types were: being hit by falling objects, falls from height, and tool related accidents. Safety training was the significant independent predictor of PPE use (AOR=2.0). However, age, marital status, smoking, safety training, and PPE use were also significant independent predictors of accidents (AOR=2.4, 3.1, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2; respectively). DISCUSSION: Among construction workers, PPE utilization is low with significant relation to safety training while occupational accidents are common and significantly related to safety training and PPE use. Therefore, safety training should be provided, and PPE use should be enforced at construction sites.

Factores de riesgo y causas de lesión en los accidentes laborales de ocho provincias peruanas / Risk factors and injury causes in occupational accidents in 8 Peruvian provinces

Introducción: Los accidentes laborales en el país se describen, de manera general, mencionando el tipo de trabajo asociado o el lugar donde se produjeron, lo que evidencia un subreporte de esta problemática que aún no se logra solucionar. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la causa de la lesión en accidentes laborales de trabajadores en ocho provincias del Perú en el periodo del 2000-2014. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico; de los atendidos por accidentes laborales en la emergencia de Hospitales EsSalud en ocho provincias del Perú. Resultados: De 45 291 accidentes ocupacionales, en el multivariado se encontró que la caída de altura y los golpes estuvieron asociados al sexo (p < 0,001), a la edad (p < 0,001), a lesionarse en la cabeza (p < 0,025), en el tórax (p < 0,003, solo para caída de altura), en los miembros superiores (p < 0,001, solo para caída de altura), a la antigüedad laboral (p = 0,004, solo para caída de altura), a generar una contusión (p < 0,001) o una herida (p < 0,021). Conclusiones: Se encontró múltiples asociaciones de variables sociales y laborales, así como, de las consecuencias que tuvo el haberse accidentado, tanto por algún golpe o por la caída de la altura estructural(AU)

Introduction: The occupational accidents in the country are described in a general way, mentioning the type of associated work or the place where they took place, evidencing a sub report of a problem that is not yet solved. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the mechanism of injury in occupational accidents of workers in eight provinces of Peru in the period 2000-2014. Methods: Transversal, analytical study of those treated for occupational accidents in the EsSalud Hospital emergency in eight regions of Peru. Results: Out of 45291 occupational accidents, in the multivariate study it was found that falls from height and blows were associated with sex (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), head injury (p < 0.025), and chest injury (p < 0),003, only for fall from height), in the upper limbs (p < 0.001, only for fall from height), to work seniority (p = 0.004, only for fall from height), to generate a contusion (p < 0.001) or an injury (p < 0.021). Conclusions: Multiple associations of social and labor variables were found, as well as, of the consequences of having been injured, by a blow or by a fall from structural height(AU)

Epidemiologia das urgências e emergências oftalmológicas em um Hospital Universitário Terciário / Epidemiologic profile of ophthalmic emergencies in a Tertiary University Hospital

Resumo O estudo buscou analisar e estudar a prevalência e as circunstâncias de urgências e emergências oftalmológicas no Pronto Socorro do Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HCU-UFU) e no Ambulatório Amélio Marques no período de agosto de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Faz-se necessário tal estudo, pois emergências oftalmológicas são importantes causas de morbidades na sociedade(1). Ademais, através dele políticas de prevenção poderão ser feitas, além de maior capacitação de profissionais a partir do conhecimento das principais causas de atendimento. A metodologia proposta incluiu a coleta de dados do prontuário, sendo colhidas as informações sexo, idade e ocupação/profissão. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico exploratório observacional predominantemente descritivo do tipo transversal. O trabalho evidenciou que o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido e a faixa etária mais incidente foi entre 19 e 45 anos. Das causas de procura pelo pronto-atendimento oftalmológico, o trauma ocular por corpo estranho é a mais comum havendo uma estreita relação com as atividades laborais (mecânicos e ferragistas). Dessa forma, os dados serão um recurso importante para o auxiliar na compreensão do perfil epidemiológico do pronto-atendimento oftalmológico visando otimizar a administração do mesmo e para estimular a adoção de políticas públicas de prevenção no âmbito da saúde do trabalhador.

Abstract The study aimed to analyze and study the prevalence and circumstances of ophthalmic emergencies and urgencies in the Emergency Room of the Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia and the Central Ambulatory (Amélio Marques) of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HCU-UFU) from August 2016 to August 2017. This is a necessary study since ophthalmic emergencies are important causes of morbidities in society(1). In addition, this study will help to develop prevention policies and to make greater training of professionals based on knowledge of the main causes of eye emergencies. The proposed methodology included the collection of data from the medical record, with the information of sex, age and occupation/profession being collected. This is an observational, descriptive, transversal, exploratory epidemiological study. The study showed that males were the most affected and the most incident age group was between 19 and 45 years old. Eye trauma due to a foreign body is the most common cause of demand for ophthalmologic emergency care with a close relationship with work activities (mechanics and ironmongers). In this way, the data will be an important resource to assist in understanding the epidemiological profile of the ophthalmology emergency room in order to optimize its administration and to encourage the adoption of public prevention policies within the scope of occupational health.

[Using Trigger Tool to detect incidents and adverse events in a mutual insurance company that collaborate with the Social Security system]. / Uso del Trigger Tool para la Detección de Incidentes y Eventos Adversos en una Mutua Colaboradora con la Seguridad Social.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences between the detection of incidents or adverse events (I/AE) using a Trigger Tool (TT) and voluntary notification platform (SNEA). METHODS: The study population is the working population attended on an outpatient basis in an Insurance Company ("mutua") from January to September 2016. The cases declared as Incident or Adverse Event (I / AE) were selected through the SNEA (21 cases), according to whether the event has not affected the patient or on the contrary has affected him. On the other hand, 20 clinical histories per month were randomly selected where the TT was applied(180 cases). The 201 clinical histories were reviewed looking for the existence of triggers. The agreement between the SNEA system and the TT was evaluated using proportion of positive agreement (I/EA), proportion of negative agreement (not I/EA) and Kappa index. RESULTS: TT detected I/EA cases in 41.3% of the revisions while the SNEA was 10.3% (p<0.001). The Kappa index showed a low concordance value (Kappa = 0.12), which indicates the small coincidence of I/EA detected by both systems. The proportion of negative agreement was greater than that of positive agreement (74.5% versus 26.9%). The SNEA system detected less I/ EA and above all it deals with fewer incidents. On the contrary, the TT system detected a greater number of I EA and especially EA. CONCLUSIONS: Trigger Tool is a recommended tool for the detection of incidents or adverse events that can complement the one obtained through voluntary notification platform in the reality of a "mutua".

OBJETIVO. Evaluar diferencias entre la detección de incidentes o eventos adversos (I/EA) en una mutua laboral, mediante una herramienta tipo Trigger Tool (TT) y una plataforma de notificación voluntaria (SNEA). MÉTODOS. La población de estudio es la población trabajadora atendida ambulatoriamente en una mutua laboral de Enero a Septiembre del 2016. Se seleccionaron los casos declarados como I/EA según si el evento no ha afectado al paciente o por el contrario le ha afectado, a través del SNEA (n=21 casos). Por otro lado, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 20 historias clínicas por mes donde se aplicó la herramienta TT (180 casos). Se adaptaron 11 triggers para detectar I/EA. Se revisaron las 201 historias clínicas buscando la existencia de triggers. Se obtuvo la concordancia entre el sistema SNEA y el TT utilizando la proporción de concordancia positiva (I/EA), proporción de concordancia negativa (no I/EA) e índice Kappa. RESULTADOS. TT detectó casos de I/EA en el 41,3% de las revisiones mientras que el SNEA 10,3% (p<0,001). El índice Kappa ofreció un valor de concordancia baja (Kappa=0,12) lo que denota la pequeña coincidencia de sucesos adversos detectados por ambos sistemas. La proporción de concordancia negativa fue mayor que la de concordancia positiva (74,5% frente a un 26,9%). El sistema SNEA detectó menos I/EA y sobre todo se trata de menos incidentes. Por el contrario, el sistema TT detectó mayor número de I/EA y especialmente EA. CONCLUSIONES. Trigger Tool es una herramienta recomendable para la detección de incidentes o eventos adversos que puede complementar la obtenida mediante una plataforma de notificación voluntaria en la realidad de una Mutua laboral.

Measures to prevent the risks associated with exposure to cytostatic drugs in glaucoma filtering surgery. / Medidas para prevenir los riesgos asociados con la exposición a citostáticos en cirugía filtrante de glaucoma.

INTRODUCTION: The use of cytostatic drugs such as Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil is well-known in glaucoma filtering surgery, as well as the management of its complications. However, there is a lack of information regarding the preventive measures to be taken by the professional that handles these types of substances. OBJECTIVE: Raise awareness among professionals of the risks associated with the use of cytostatic drugs without adequate prevention measures. RESULTS: Review of the available literature and legislation on preventive measures in the management of cytostatic drugs in the medical and ophthalmological field. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention and awareness of the risks of the qualified professionals that handle these substances is the most important measure to prevent the possible risks. Coordination is necessary with the Occupational Health teams of the Hospital, as well as the professionals and staff involved in the different phases of the process, from the preparation in Hospital Pharmacy to its elimination.