Assuntos
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Vírus Oncogênicos/fisiologia , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico , Torque teno virus/fisiologia , Anelloviridae/patogenicidade , Anelloviridae/fisiologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Cariótipo , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patologia , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Vírus Oncogênicos/patogenicidade , Torque teno virus/patogenicidade , Tretinoína/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We compared the plasma viromes of HIV-infected subjects with low versus high CD4(+) T cell counts from the United States and Uganda by using deep sequencing and detected HIV, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, GB virus C, anellovirus, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) reads. An increase in the proportion of reads for anelloviruses, a family of highly prevalent and genetically diverse human viruses, was seen in subjects with AIDS from both countries. The proportion of endogenous human retrovirus reads was increased in AIDS subjects from Uganda but not the United States. Progression to AIDS is therefore associated with changes in the plasma concentration of commensal viruses.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Infecções por Flaviviridae/etiologia , HIV/patogenicidade , Hepatite Viral Humana/etiologia , Replicação Viral , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/sangue , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Adulto , Anelloviridae/patogenicidade , DNA Viral/genética , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Infecções por Flaviviridae/sangue , Infecções por Flaviviridae/epidemiologia , Vírus GB C/metabolismo , Vírus GB C/patogenicidade , HIV/metabolismo , Hepatite Viral Humana/sangue , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Uganda/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Current clinical studies on human annelloviruses infections are directed towards finding an associated disease. In this review we have emphasized the many similarities between human anellovirus and avian circoviruses and the cell and tissue types infected by these pathogens. We have done this in order to explore whether knowledge acquired from natural and experimental avian infections could reflect and be extrapolated to the less well-characterized human annellovirus infections. The knowledge gained from the avian system may provide suggestions for decoding the enigmatic human anellovirus infections, and finding the specific disease or diseases caused by these human anellovirus infections. Each additional parallelism between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) further strengthens this premise. As we have seen information from human infections can also be used to better understand avian infections as well. Increased attention must be focused on the "hidden" or unrecognized, seemingly asymptomatic effects of circovirus and anellovirus infections. Understanding the facilitating effect of these infections on disease progression caused by other pathogens may help to explain differences in outcome of complicated poultry and human diseases. The final course of a pathogenic infection is determined by variations in the state of health of the host before, during and after contact with a pathogen, in addition to the phenotype of the pathogen and host. The health burden of circoviridae and anellovirus infections may be underestimated, due to lack of awareness of the need to search past the predominant clinical effect of identified pathogens and look for modulation of cellular-based immunity caused by co-infecting circoviruses, and by analogy, human anneloviruses.