Impacto de un terremoto sobre los animales de compañia en tres distritos de la provincia de Chincha, Perú / The impact of an earthquake on tenure and welfare of animals in Perú

Evaluar el impacto del terremoto ocurrido el año 2007 sobre la tenencia y bienestar de los animales de compañía y de crianza de traspatio en tres distritos de la Provincia de Chincha, departamento de Ica-Perú. Metodología: Se desarrolló una encuesta que contenía datos demográficos y de tenencia de animales en el periodo pre y post desastre (2007 y 2012). Además, información de muertes y desapariciones post desastre. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se recolectaron 300 encuestas de las cuales 49% correspondió a Chincha Alta, 40% a Pueblo Nuevo y 11% a Tambo de Mora. El 49% de encuestados fueron varones y 51% mujeres. Según las encuestas, antes del terremoto existían 262 perros. De ellos, 27.9% (73) murieron en el desastre, 26% (68) desaparecieron y 46.1% (121) se encontraron vivos. Al momento de la encuesta, se reportó 150 animales, lo que indica una disminución de la población de perros del 42.7%. Respecto a los gatos, ante del terremoto existía 153 animales. De ellos, 24.2% (37) murieron en el desastre, 23.5% (36) desaparecieron y 52.3% (80) se encontraron vivos. Al momento de la encuesta, se reportó 95 animales, representando una disminución de la población del 37.9%. En ambos casos, la composición etárea varío significativamente (p < 0.05) entre lo encontrado antes del terremoto y la actualidad. En el caso de animales de traspatio, antes del terremoto se registró 777 animales, entre aves, porcinos, bovinos, cuyes, entre otros. De ellos 9.9% (77) murieron en el desastre, 5% (39) desaparecieron y 85.1% (661) se encontraron vivos. Se concluye que el terremoto del 2007 produjo un impacto negativo sobre la población de animales de compañía en la zona, afectando su número y composición etárea, situación que no se observó en los animales de traspatio...

To evaluate the impact of 2007 earthquake on tenure and welfare of pets and backyard breeding in three districts in the province of Chincha, Ica, Perú. Methods: We developed a survey containing demographic data, tenure of different types of animals during a pre-disaster period (2007) and now (2012), besides information on deaths and disappearances post disaster. Results and Conclusions: 300 surveys were collected, 49% corresponded to Chincha Alta, 40% to Pueblo Nuevo and 11% to Tambo de Mora. 49% respondents were male and 51% female. According to surveys, before the earthquake there were 262 dogs. 27.9% (73) died in the disaster, 26% (68) disappeared and 46.1% (121) were found alive. At the time of the survey, 150 animals were reported, which means dog population was decrease by 42.7%. Regarding cats, before the earthquake were 153 animals. 24.2% (37) died in the disaster, 23.5% (36) disappeared and 52.3% (80) were found alive. At the time of the survey, 95 animals were reported, representing a decrease by 37.9% in population. Both cases, age composition varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the findings before the earthquake and now. For backyard animals 777 animals were recorded before the earthquake, including birds, pigs, cattle, guinea pigs, among others. 9.9% (77) of them died in the disaster, 5% (39) disappeared and 85.1% (661) were found alive. In conclusion, the earthquake in 2007 had a negative impact on pet population in the area, affecting the number and age composition, which is not observed in backyard animals...

Crecimieto folícular ovárico en animales domésticos: una revisión / Ovarian follicular growth in domestic animals: a review

El desarrollo folícular ovárico en los animales domésticos durante un ciclo estral sigue un patrón de dos o tres oleadas o grupos de folículos que crecen. En ese proceso están identificados tres eventos fisiológicos; el reclutamiento, la selección y la dominancia que ejerce el folículo de mayor tamaño sobre los subordinados. En cada oleada folícular es reclutado un grupo de folículos primordiales que posteriormente crecen. La selección del folículo dominante ocurre al final de la fase común de crecimiento. El folículo dominante continúa creciendo a una tasa constante y el resto de los folículos sufren atresia. La desviación folicular es un concepto relativamente nuevo y se refiere al inicio de una diferencia notoria en la tasa de crecimiento entre los dos folículos más grandes presentes en el ovario de hembras monotocas. Los mecanismos fisiológicos implicados en el proceso de desviación y selección no se han definido completamente, pero al parecer se relacionan con la adquisición de receptores para la hormona luteinizante en la granulosa del folículo dominante, un incremento en la producción de estradiol por ese último y la disminución de las concentraciones la hormona folículo-estimulante. Se encuentra implicado también el sistema a través de factores de crecimiento insulínicos (IGF-1 y -2), proteínas de unión (IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 y -6) y proteasas específicas que degradan las IGFBPs. Se describen las relaciones endócrinas, parácrinas y autócrinas del crecimiento folícular, con énfasis en los factores fisiológicos señalados y que están envueltos en el proceso de desviación y selección.

Conflitos causados pela predação de rebanhos domésticos por grandes felinos em comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica / Conflicts caused by predation on domestic livestock by large cats in quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest

A predação de rebanhos domésticos por onças-pintadas (Panthera onca) e onças-pardas (Puma concolor) foi quantificada de 1998 a 2000 e a opinião local para resolver o conflito foi investigada em duas comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica. Os responsáveis pelas propriedades foram entrevistados regularmente de maio de 2000 a janeiro de 2001. A predação foi dependente do número de animais domésticos nas propriedades, foi aparentemente seletiva e possivelmente sazonal. O prejuízo econômico foi alto quando associado com o baixo número de criações. A população expressou uma visão bastante negativa frente à presença de onças e a maior parte (54 por cento) sugeriu o extermínio desses animais. Conhecer a percepção local é fundamental para adotar um planejamento participativo que reduza as perdas dos proprietários e garanta a conservação dos grandes felinos.

Domestic livestock predation by jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) was recorded from 1998 to 2000 and local opinion to solve the conflict was investigated in two quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest. The householders were interviewed regularly from May 2000 to January 2001. Predation depended on the number of domestic animals per household, and was apparently selective and possibly seasonal. The economic damage was high when associated with the low livestock number. People's attitude towards predators was negative and most of those surveyed (54 percent) suggested these animals should be eliminated. Knowing the local perception is essential to adopt a participative management to reduce household losses and to guarantee large cats' conservation.

Management of fractures in small animals.

Fracture repair in small animals has arrived at a crossroads because of advances in fracture repair and client demands. Research into bone healing and repair techniques, collective professional experience,economics, and client demands are obligating veterinarians to greater expertise in the actual act of repairing fractures. The influx of surgery specialists into burgeoning private practices has improved access to specialty service beyond what the limited number of academic practices could previously provide and has raised the local standard of practice for orthopedic surgery at the same time. The necessity to deal with the preoperative and postoperative management of traumatized small animals by the general practitioner has not changed, however. Treatment of the small animal patient with a fractured bone does involve accurate definition of the fracture, selection of an appropriate method of fracture fixation from the variety of devices available, and correct application of the fixation. Far more than these, however, it involves assessment and treatment of the traumatized patient as a whole,including preanesthetic evaluation of critical body systems, preoperative preparation of the patient and client, and postoperative management of the repaired fracture and patient.

Healing, diagnosis, repair, and rehabilitation of tendon conditions.

Management of tendon conditions can be frustrating due to difficulty with diagnosis, choice of treatment or repair technique, prolonged tissue healing, and potential for permanent compromise of limb function after surgery. This article reviews tendon healing and reported tendon conditions, focusing on bicipital tenosynovitis and common calcaneal tendon injuries. Surgical management options, research in enhancement of tendon healing, and postoperative rehabilitation are also reviewed.

The physiologic response of domestic animals to ionizing radiation: a review.

With respect to clinical signs of the radiation syndromes, some remarkable species variations exist. For example the marked delayed reaction of the acute hematologic response in cows. An unusually high sensitivity of the central nervous system is found in burros, which is probably caused by acute vascular and/or metabolic changes in the brain. The species-specific number of intestinal crypt and hemopoietic stem cells may explain the early survival differences among species after high doses of irradiation. Mortality due to acute radiation syndromes is lowest in chickens. Regarding late effects, various neoplasms are typical in dogs, and cattle more commonly develop cataracts.

Thuja / Thuja in dogs

El cuadro de Thuja en perros es discutido y demostrado a través de algunos casos clínicos. Se describen especialmente las alteraciones en piel, que son significativas. En un caso de Thuja se muestran las dificultades para su repertorización. Thuja tiene una acción muy profunda

Management of fracture-associated thoracic trauma.

Animals with thoracic injury that survive long enough to receive veterinary attention are often through the most critical post-traumatic period. A small proportion will require prompt, aggressive treatment of life-threatening injuries. Many have self-limiting thoracic injuries that can endanger the animal if overlooked when general anaesthesia is attempted for surgical repair of more obvious injuries. Other lesions can be exacerbated by inappropriate therapy. Through evaluation is needed for recognition and proper management of thoracic injuries that pose both immediate and delayed threat to life.

Traumatic joint luxations in small animals.

Proper management of traumatic joint luxations in small animals requires complete assessment and treatment of life-threatening injuries, early joint reduction, stabilization of the joint, and early return to joint function. The methods of reduction vary with the joint involved but can often be achieved in a closed fashion. Joint stability is maintained by external coaptation or internal stabilization methods, depending on the degree of laxity present after reduction. Once joint stability is achieved, passive and active physical therapy is important to establish normal joint function. Reluxation, lameness, and degenerative joint disease are possible sequelae of traumatic joint luxations.

Principles of fracture fixation in growing animals.

Changes in bone structure and conformation can occur very rapidly in growing animals. Injury to the bones or articular surfaces warrant special consideration because of the potential devastating consequences of secondary growth deformities in the animal. Disturbance of normal growth plate activity, imperfect fixation of an articular fracture, and conformational defects in long bones may create lifelong problems for the animal.

Principles of long bone fracture management.

The fixation of fractures in which one of the following primary devices is used: IM pins, bone plates, external skeletal fixators, can benefit from the additional application of any number of secondary devices. The secondary devices include cerclage, hemicerclage, or interfragmentary wires, skewer-pins, screws, and external skeletal fixators. These are indicated to facilitate the repair and eliminate the forces acting on the fracture site. A complete understanding of all the methods of fixation facilitates the selection of the proper implant or combination of implants. This information must be combined with the knowledge of how each device is most appropriately used depending on both the fracture type and fracture location. Taking into consideration all of these factors helps ensure that fracture healing occurs in the shortest possible time with the fewest complications. The ultimate goal of obtaining a full return to function may thereby be achieved.

Delayed and nonunion fractures.

Failures in bone healing can result from technical problems, biologic failures, or a combination of the two. Inadequate stabilization of bone fragments against the effects of rotational forces is a common cause of nonunion. Early identification of a pseudoarthrosis can be difficult; the diagnosis is usually delayed, thus the morbidity associated with this disorder is significant. Often, the nonunion is complicated by atrophy of surrounding soft tissues, muscle contracture, and stiff joints. The goals in the treatment of the nonunion are to identify and correct the underlying causes, with the primary objective being the return of function. The type of treatment depends on the classification of the pseudarthrosis, including the condition of the surrounding soft tissues, blood supply, and viability of the nonunion, location, and presence or absence of infection.