Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination among Male Students Pursuing Bachelor's Degree in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan, Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor of the testicles, the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone. It is one of the most common cancers in young men. This form of cancer can be easily diagnosed by self-examination of testicles and is curable if detected early. Periodic self-examination must be performed for early detection. Due to lack of knowledge on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination techniques, patients can potentially miss early detection. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding testicular cancer and testicular self-examination among male college students pursuing a Bachelor's degree. METHODS: A web-based cross-sectional analytical study was adopted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination among male college students pursuing a Bachelor's degree and living in Bharatpur Metropolitan City in the Chitwan District of Nepal. The snowball sampling technique was employed to identify the eligible participants. Collected data were entered in SPSS version 22 and analyzed by using the Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 402 respondents, majority (56.7%) had poor knowledge regarding testicular cancer and testicular self-examination and only 11.4% had performed testicular self-examination. The majority (67.2%) of the respondents had shown an unfavorable attitude towards testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE). There was a significant association between the level of knowledge and marital status 4.516 (1.962-10.397) and ethnicity 2.606 (1.443-4.709). Likewise, age 0.396 (0.191-0.821) and marital status 0.347 (0.156-0.775) have been significantly associated with testicular self-examination practice. Regarding favorable attitude, age 0.362 (0.186-0.706) and sources of information from mass media 2.346 (1.328-4.143) have been associated significantly. CONCLUSION: The study finding shows that the knowledge on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination was low. Due to lack of knowledge and trainings, the potential opportunities for early detection of testicular cancer are missed substantially. Periodic testicular self-examination is vital for early detection of testicular cancer. Hence, it is crucial to implement massive educational campaigns and trainings on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination techniques among young male groups.

A Multicenter Survey: How Do Transplant Dermatologists Monitor Organ Transplant Recipients With Nevi?

OBJECTIVES: The incidence and mortality of melanoma are increased in organ transplant recipients. Multiple acquired common and dysplastic nevi are risk factors for melanoma. A new or changing nevus may suggest melanoma. Strategies used by transplant dermatologists to monitor nevi are unknown. Herein, we aimed to assess the methods used by transplant dermatologists for monitoring multiple acquired common nevi, dysplastic nevi, and new or changing nevi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was e-mailed to 63 members of the Skin Care in Organ Transplant Patients, Europe. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (92.7%) of 41 responders reported that they instruct their patients to perform regular self-skin examinations. Of 41 responders, 41.5% prescribed screening every 6 months, 36.6% prescribed it every 12 months, 12.2% prescribed it every 3 months, and 9.7% performed screening without regular intervals. Regarding type of examination, 80.5% performed full-body skin examinations with the naked eye, 70.7% performed dermoscopy of clinically suspicious nevi, 53.6% offered dermoscopic photography of dermoscopically suspicious nevi, 36.6% provided close-up photography of clinically suspicious nevi, 34.1% performed baseline total body photography, and 24.4% conducted dermoscopy of all nevi. We also found that 7.3%, 4.9%, and 4.9% performed only full-body skin examination with the naked eye, only dermoscopy of clinically suspicious nevi, and only dermoscopy of all nevi, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated transplant dermatologists perform a wide variety of nevi screening procedures in organ transplant recipients. Transplant dermatologists should include sequential digital dermoscopic imaging in their armamentarium to follow organ transplant recipients with melanocytic lesions. A combination of techniques is advisable for detecting early posttransplant melanomas.

Delay in cutaneous melanoma diagnosis: Sequence analyses from suspicion to diagnosis in 211 patients.

Advanced melanoma is an incurable disease with complex and expensive treatments. The best approach to prevent melanoma at advanced stages is an early diagnosis. A knowledge of factors associated with the process of detecting cutaneous melanomas and the reasons for delays in diagnosis is essential for the improvement of the secondary prevention of the disease.Identify sociodemographic, individual, and medical aspects related to cutaneous melanoma diagnosis delay.Interviews evaluated the knowledge of melanoma, signals, symptoms, persons who were suspected, delays in seeking medical attention, physician's deferrals, and related factors of 211 patients.Melanomas were self-discovered in 41.7% of the patients; healthcare providers detected 29.9% of patients and others detected 27%. The main component in delay was patient-related. Only 31.3% of the patients knew that melanoma was a serious skin cancer, and most thought that the pigmented lesion was not important, causing a delay in seeking medical assistance. Patients (36.4%) reported a wait interval of more than 6 months from the onset of an observed change in a pigmented lesion to the first visit to a physician. The delay interval from the first physician visit to a histopathological diagnosis was shorter (<1 month) in 55.5% of patients. Improper treatments without a histopathological confirmation occurred in 14.7% of patients. A professional delay was related to both inappropriate treatments performed without histopathological confirmation (P = 0.003) and long requirements for medical referrals (P < 0.001).A deficient knowledge in the population regarding melanoma and physicians' misdiagnoses regarding suspicious lesions contributed to delays in diagnosis.

Public awareness of testis cancer and the prevalence of testicular self-examination-changing patterns over 20 years.

OBJECTIVES: Delay in treatment of testis cancer (TC) has a proven negative impact on disease stage, treatment outcome, and mortality. Poor public awareness of the disease and lack of testis self-examination (TSE) may account for late presentation. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of TC and performance of TSE in a group of men over 2 time periods 20 years apart. METHODS: In the current study, 677 men from a banking institution were surveyed on their knowledge of TC and their performance of TSE. Comparisons were made from the current data and those from the original study in 1986. RESULTS: This study demonstrates an increase in public awareness and modest concomitant increase in TSE since first studied in this country in 1986. There was no difference in knowledge across age groups in this study. Furthermore, men who demonstrate a superior degree of knowledge were more likely to perform TSE. Limitations included possible selection bias in the 2 studies conducted in a banking institution. CONCLUSIONS: Increased testicular cancer knowledge combined with TSE may have a role in improving detection of significant testicular pathology.

The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

BACKGROUND: The current study characterized the self-reported cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS: A cohort of 9434 long-term survivors of childhood cancer and a comparison group of 2667 siblings completed a 289-item survey that included items regarding cancer-screening practices. RESULTS: Overall, 27.3% of female respondents reported performing breast self-examination (BSE) regularly, 78.2% reported undergoing a Papanicolaou smear within the previous 3 years, 62.4% underwent a clinical breast examination (CBE) within the last year, and 20.9% had gotten a mammogram at least once in their lifetime. Approximately 17.4% of male respondents reported performing regular testicular self-examination (TSE). Women age > or =30 years who had been exposed to chest or mantle radiation therapy were more likely to report undergoing CBE (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.32-1.92) and mammography (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.47-2.56). Compared with the sibling comparison group, survivors demonstrated an increased likelihood of performing TSE (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.85) or BSE (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10-1.52), of having undergone a CBE within the last year (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35), and of ever having undergone a mammogram (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.52-2.17). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study demonstrate that the cancer screening practices among survivors of childhood cancer are below optimal levels. Primary care physicians who include childhood cancer survivors among their patients could benefit these individuals by informing them about future cancer risks and recommending appropriate evidence-based screening.