Clinical features and Surgical Outcomes of Thyroid Goitre Presenting to Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.

Introduction: In Malawi there is a perception that goitre is common and causes significant public health and economic burdens. The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, investigations, management, outcomes and complications of goitre seen at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. Method: A single hospital-based descriptive retrospective study from January 2017 to December 2018 for all patients presenting with goitre. Results: Out of 9073 patients who presented to ENT department, 105 patients presented with goitre representing 1% of all patients seen during the study period. The Male: Female ratio was 1:25. The mean symptom duration with goitre was 4 years (SD +/- 6.4). Thyroid function test results were available in 54 patients and out of these, 53(98%) patients were euthyroid. Ultrasound scan (USS) reports were available in 44 patients, of these 32(73%) were multinodular goitres. In 70 cases, pathology results were available and showed that 20% were thyroid cancers and that papillary thyroid carcinoma was the commonest cancer (64%). Two recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries were recorded in 79 surgical procedures representing 2.5% of patients (6.3% overall complication rate). Inpatient stay ranged from 2 days to 49 days (median 3 days). Conclusion: Goitre at our centre is more common in women than in men. One in five patients in this cohort had thyroid cancers. This prevalence is higher than other areas in the world highlighting the need for cytology services on every patient before surgery and histology services after surgery. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and other complications were infrequent demonstrating local high safety of thyroid surgery, despite late presentation to the ENT department.

[Thyroid surgery in a context of scarce resources at Saint Martin de Porres Dominican Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon)]. / Chirurgie thyroïdienne dans le contexte de populations avec de faibles ressources à l'hôpital dominicain Saint Martin de Porres (Yaoundé, Cameroun).

Introduction: Surgical campaigns for thyroid surgery in low-income environments are very efficient, but there is little literature reporting results. These campaigns are complex due to multiple particularities: highly evolved cases, the need for professionals to travel or an obvious socio-cultural barrier influence towards the surgical act. We describe a surgical campaign in Cameroon to treat patients with goiter and issue some medical and sociocultural recommendations in view of our experience for its implementation with guarantees. Material and methods: An experienced group carried out an 11-day campaign at the Saint Martin de Porres Dominican Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon. Demographic data, TSH values, surgery and complications after a 12-month follow-up were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight patients with goiter were selected for the campaign and 32 patients (mean age, 40-years-old; 30 females) were operated. Bilateral goiter, as assessed with echography, was diagnosed in 13 patients (41%). Ten patients (31%) had a WHO grade II goiter (visible with the neck in a normal position). The surgical procedures were 18 unilateral thyroidectomy with isthmectomie, 13 total thyroidectomy, and 1 totalizing thyroidectomy, due to previous unilateral thyroidectomy (cancer recurrence). A pathological study in 13 patients (40%, extra cost 60 €) showed benign multinodular goiter/thyroid nodule (12 patients) and an extensive papillary carcinoma (one patient). Six months postoperatively, 3 patients had a slight dysphonia and one patient had persistent hypocalcemia. Follow-up was completed in all patients, either face to face (75%, 24 patients) or by phone (25%, 8 patients who failed to have a TSH test because of its cost, 23 €). Conclusions: Surgical campaigns to treat thyroid pathology can be carried out with guarantees if a series of important steps are followed: active participation of the patient's environment, thyroid ultrasound by the surgical team to decide which technique, intense awareness about monitoring and hormone replacement therapy, and the participation of local personnel for long-term follow-up.

Do extremely large goiters carry a higher risk of malignancy or complications? A case control study.

INTRODUCTION: The definition of thyroid goiter remains ambiguous, yet size may impact both malignancy rate and surgical complications' rate. METHODS: All patients with thyroid goiter who underwent thyroidectomy between 1/2015-1/2023 were included. Goiter was defined as lobe ≥4 cm. For analysis purpose, goiters measuring 4-8 cm and ≥8 cm were defined as large and extremely large goiters, respectively. For malignancy definition, tumor<1 cm in their largest diameter were excluded from study. Collected data included demographics, cytology, histology and postoperative complication. RESULTS: 144 goiters from 111 patients were included. The most common indication for surgery was symptoms (55 %). Compared with large goiter, extremely large goiters demonstrated a trend for tracheal narrowing on pre-operative CT findings (23 % vs. 45 %, p = 0.07 respectively). Overall differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) rate was 17 % (25/144) without statistical difference between groups (p = 0.89). Within goiters with pre-operative benign cytology, the DTC rate was 17 % (7/43). Follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer was the most common type for both groups. Nodular hyperplasia was significantly associated with extremely large goiters (53 % vs. 73 %, p = 0.03). No significant difference was found in transient hypocalcemia (48 % [15/31] vs. 41 % [5/12], p = 0.6) and other complications' rate between extremely large goiters and the control group. CONCLUSION: When discussing management options for patients with goiters, the size of the goiter should not regarded as a higher risk for complications or malignancy, yet the relatively high malignancy rate found should be taken under consideration for resection.

Uncommon diagnosis of multinodular goiter - isolated extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis in thyroid gland (scientific case reports).

AIM: By means of the scientific description of two uncommon cases who underwent. surgical resection of multinodous goiter and following histopathological investigation revealing isolated extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis, this uncommon diagnosis including symptomatology, clinical findings, diagnostic and therapeutic management is to be illustrated. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: Diagnostics: Scintigraphy of the thyroid gland with a left-thyroid cold node; ultrasound-guided puncture (cytological investigation, non-suspicious). THERAPY: Elective thyroidectomy with no macroscopic anomalies und no abnormal aspects with regard to surgical tactic and technique. Histopathological investigation: Complete resection specimen of the thyroid gland with granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. CLINICAL COURSE: Uneventful with no further manifestations of sarcoidosis in the following diagnostics. DIAGNOSTICS: Ultrasound, inhomogeneous node (37×30×35 mm) of the right thyroideal gland with echo-poor parts and peripheral vascularization; scintigraphy showing marginally compensated unifocal autonomy of the thyroid gland (laboratory parameters, increased serum level of thyroglobulin [632 ng/mL]). THERAPY: Planned right hemithyroidectomy with confirmed nodous structure of thyroid parenchyma, without suspicious lymph nodes. Histopathological investigation: 33-mm follicular, nodular, encapsulated structure of thyroid parenchyma (diagnosed as follicular adenoma); 2nd opinion: low-grade differentiated carcinoma of thyroid gland with angioinfiltrating growth and granulomatous inflammation of sarcoidosis type. Procedural intent: After tumor-board consultation, completing thyroidectomy was performed within a 5-weeks interval (pT2 pN0[0/1] V1 L0 G3 R0) with subsequent ablating radio'active iodine therapy; 18 F-FDG-PET-CT (several atypical infiltrates within the right upper lobe of the lung) and bronchoscopy with no detection of further manifestation of sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION: Sarcoidosis is considered a rare granulomatous multi-locular, systemic disease of not completely known etiopathogenesis with substantial heterogeneity. In most cases, it is associated with the lung, but which can become manifest in various organs. Frequently, extrapulmonary manifestations are usually detected as histological findings by coincidence, which require further investigation to find out additional manifestations as well as to exclude florid infection or other granulomatous processes (clarifying competently differential diagnosis). Therapy is only indicated in symptomatic organ manifestations, taking into account the high rate of spontaneous healing and possible side effects.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Tracheomalacia in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy.

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the frequency and risk factors of tracheomalacia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. One hundred and forty-nine patients underwent thyroidectomy at MTI-Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar between 1st January 2021 and 1st March 2022. The frequency of post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia and possible associated factors were determined. The inclusion criteria were patients of either gender, between 18 to 70 years fulfilling criteria of clinically diagnosed cases of thyroid disorders who underwent subtotal, hemi, near or total thyroidectomy for their respective thyroid diseases. Post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia was recorded in 18 patients (12.1%): Seventeen patients were aged less than 30 (p-value 0.038) and 14 (77.8%) patients had a duration of surgery > three hours (p-value <0.001). Young female patients with multinodular goitre who had a longer duration of surgery developed post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia more frequently. Hence, the incidence of post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia can be markedly reduced with proper preoperative assessment and postoperative measures. Key Words: Thyroid gland, Thyroid disorders, Tracheomalacia, Thyroidectomy.

Myasthenia Gravis with Toxic Goiter: Challenges with Management in a Low-Resource Setting in Africa; Review of Literature and Case Report.

ABSTRACT: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease with the cardinal feature being exertional voluntary skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. It can be an isolated finding or in association with other autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or rheumatoid arthritis. Thymectomy is recommended for most patients with MG whose symptoms begin before the age of 60 years. Patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia do respond to thymectomy compared to those without thymoma or enlarged thymus. Those with enlarged goiter would benefit from thyroidectomy. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach as performed in a low-resource setting. We are reporting the case of a 24-year-old who presented with MG with toxic goiter and had good control on medication. A computed tomography scan of the chest showed a superior mediastinal mass and a soft tissue scan of the neck was done which showed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland. She subsequently had thymectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy with a satisfactory outcome. We highlight this case to show that MG with thymoma and goiter could coexist. Reports of such findings are infrequently reported in our environment.

Pre-emptive veno-arterial ECMO in a giant compressive goiter-related difficult airway: A case report.

A 64-year-old patient required emergency surgery with high risk of intubation failure, without any possibility to perform neither a direct transtracheal access nor VV-ECMO canulation. The patient was managed thanks to a VA-ECMO despite the absence of cardiac function impairment. This report describes perioperative challenges and management of this unconventional case with favorable outcome.

Evaluation of thoracic inlet view plain radiograph in the management of patients with goitre.

Background: Thoracic inlet view radiograph is an investigation for assessing patients with goitre in many centres in the sub-Saharan-region. However, there is paucity of information on its usefulness in the diagnosis of retrosternal goitre (RSG) and in planning for thyroidectomy. Method: A review of patients with goitre managed in the Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2014 was done. Data were obtained from Operating Theatre Log and electronic data archive of the Division. Clinical RSG (CRSG) was taken as a gland that the examining fingers could not get below its lower margin and Radiological RSG (RRSG) on thoracic inlet view was any extension of the thyroid gland beyond the thoracic inlet. Intra-operatively, if any part of the gland extends beyond the thoracic inlet it was considered as an RSG. Results: 221 (96.5%) of the 229 patients who had thoracic inlet plain radiograph were included in this study. The Male to Female ratio was 1:5.5. WHO grade III goitre was seen in 56.1% of the patients and 43.9% had grade II goitre. The CRSG, RRSG and Intra-operative RSG were seen in 7.7%, 16.7% and 17.6% respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of clinical examination in determining RSG was 88.7% and 94.1% and that of Thoracic inlet radiograph was 97.8% and 94.6% respectively. Conclusion: It is a useful study for screening patients with goitre for retrosternal extension, however it could not be used to determine the need for extra-cervical surgical access during thyroidectomy.

Manejo de vía aérea difícil en paciente con bocio maligno gigante: Reporte de caso / Case report: Difficult airway management in a patient with giant malignant goiter

We present the case of an adult patient with a malignant goiter, treated in our center, where airway management is perfor- med by an awake intubation technique with sedation. The patient, with great compromise and deviation from the midline of the airway, was managed with a High-Flow Nasal Cannula (CNAF) during its manipulation, helping to avoid desaturation events during the intubation procedure, associated with the administration of monitored sedation.

Presentamos el caso de una paciente adulto con bocio maligno, tratada en nuestro centro, donde se realiza manejo de la vía aérea con la intubación traqueal vigil con sedación. La paciente, con gran compromiso y desviación de línea media de la vía aérea, es apoyada con Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo (CNAF) durante la manipulación de ésta, ayudando a no presentar eventos de desaturación durante el procedimiento de intubación, asociada a la administración de sedación monitorizada.

Substernal goiter and laryngopharyngeal reflux

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to compare the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux signs between two groups of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for voluminous goiter: substernal goiters and voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. Subjects and methods A retrospective case-control study was performed with data retrieved of the charts of the patients submitted to thyroidectomies occurred at a tertiary care center (Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of São Paulo Medical School) between 2010 and 2014. The selected thyroidectomies were allocated in two groups for study: patients with substernal goiters and patients with voluminous cervical goiter without thoracic extension. Cervical goiters were selected by ultrasonography mensuration. Clinical criterion was used to define substernal goiter. Results The average thyroid volume in patients with substernal goiter was significantly greater than the average volume in patients with only cervical goiter (p < 0.001). The prevalence of signs of reflux laryngitis at laryngoscopy was significantly greater in substernal goiter patients (p = 0.036). Moreover, substernal goiter was considered as the unique independent variable for high reflux laryngitis signs at laryngoscopy (OR = 2.75; CI95%: 1.05-7.20; p = 0.039) when compared to only cervical goiter patients. Conclusion This study shows a significant association between substernal goiters and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux at preoperative laryngoscopy. Therefore, when compared with voluminous cervical goiters, the substernal goiters increase the chance of reflux laryngitis signs in patients.

Hipertireoidismo: abordagem das principais causas e conduta diagnóstica / Hyperthyroidism: approach the main causes and conduct diagnostic

A tireotoxicose é um estado hipermetabólico decorrente dos efeitos de níveis teciduais elevados de hormônios tireoideanos (HTs). O hipertireoidismo é a causa mais comum, e decorre do excesso de hormônios produzidos pela tireoide. Outras causas de tireotoxicose ocorrem por produção extratireoideana ou administração exógena de hormônios tireoideanos. A principal causa de tireotoxicose, o bócio difuso tóxico (BDT) de causa autoimune, responsável por até 80% dos casos, é aqui abordado, assim como as demais causas. O tratamento é realizado com drogas antitireoideanas, iodo radioativo ou cirurgia e exige acompanhamento de longo prazo, tanto pela possibilidade de recidivas como do desenvolvimento de hipotireoidismo.

Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state due to the effects of high tissue levels of thyroid hormones (TH). Hyperthyroidism is the most common cause and results from excess hormones produced by the thyroid. Other causes of thyrotoxicosis occur extra thyroid production or exogenous administration of thyroid hormones. The main cause of thyrotoxicosis, the diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) of autoimmune cause, accounting for up to 80% of cases, is discussed here, as well as other causes. The treatment is performed with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine or surgery and requires long-term follow-up, due to both the possibility of recurrence and the development of hypothyroidism.

Uso selectivo de drenajes en tiroidectomías / Selective use of drainages in thyroidectomy

Background: There is controversy about the universal use of drainages in thyroid surgery. Aim: To evaluate the selective use of drainages in thyroid surgery, using them only in patients with high risk of developing a cervical hematoma. Material and Methods: Eight four patients subjected to thyroid surgery, were prospectively evaluated. Drainages were only used in those patients in whom a big cavity was left after thyroidectomy, patients with intrathoracic goiter and patients subjected to lymph node dissection. Results: Drainages were omitted in 68 patients (81 percent) aged 18 to 68 years, 59 females. Forty four (65 percent) of these patients were subjected to a total thyroidectomy, 14 (21 percent) to a subtotal thyroidectomy and 10 (7 percent) to a lobectomy. In 19 cases (28 percent) the biopsy informed a papillary cancer, the rest were benign lesions. One patient had a cervical hematoma that required a new operation. Hospital stay ranged from 1 to 4 days. Conclusions: The selective use of drainages in thyroid surgery is feasible, safe and allows a shorter hospital stay.

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso selectivo de drenajes, omitiendo el dispositivo en la cirugía tiroidea corriente y empleándolo en pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar hematoma cervical. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de casos consecutivos entre enero 2008 y junio 2009 que incluyó 84 pacientes con diversas patologías tiroideas sometidos a tiroidectomía total o parcial. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: edad, género, procedencia, extensión de la cirugía, biopsia de piezas operatorias, estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados: De los 84 casos, en 68 (81 por ciento) no se usó drenaje y en 16 (19 por ciento) se empleó el dispositivo. De los 68 casos en que no se utilizó drenaje 59 (86,8 por ciento) fueron mujeres y 9 (13,2 por ciento) hombres, edad promedio 44,4 años (rango: 18 y 68 años). Se practicó 44 (64,7 por ciento) tiroidectomias totales, 14 (20,5 por ciento) tiroidectomias subtotales y 10 (6,8 por ciento) lobectomias e istmectomía. La biopsia informó cáncer papilar en 19 (27,9 por ciento) casos y 47 (69,1 por ciento) lesiones benignas. Las complicaciones fueron 1 (1,4 por ciento) hematoma cervical que requirió reoperación y 7 (10,2 por ciento) seromas. La estadía hospitalaria fluctuó entre 1 y 4 días, promedio 1,9; con hospitalización de 1 día 21 (30,8 por ciento) pacientes, 2 días 36 (52,9 por ciento), 3 días 8 (11,7 por ciento) y 4 días 2 (2,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: Concluimos que es posible el uso selectivo de drenaje en tiroidectomías. Acorde a la patología tiroidea quirúrgica que manejamos y aplicando nuestros criterios de selección la mayoría de los pacientes no precisa estos dispositivos. La ausencia de drenajes no conlleva mayores complicaciones y posibilita una estadía hospitalaria breve.

Bocio amiloídeo: reporte de tres casos / Amyloid goitier: report of three cases

La amiloidosis es una patología de causa no precisada, la cual tiene distintas formas de presentación clínica según la proteína que se deposita. Este material amorfo puede depositarse en cualquier órgano, en forma aislada o como parte de una enfermedad generalizada. El compromiso del tiroides ocurre en el 50 a 80 por ciento de los casos de amiloidosis sistémica y corresponde, en general, a una infiltración difusa leve que no determina aumento de tamaño glandular ni alteraciones funcionales. El bocio amiloideo se define como el crecimiento del tiroides determinado por el depósito abundante de amiloide, el que puede dar síntomas compresivos de las estructuras del cuello. Se presentan tres casos de bocio amiloideo tratados en nuestro servicio, cuyo síntoma cardinal es la compresión tiroidea, uno de ellos con compromiso sistémico severo. Fueron tratados con hemitiroidectomía en un caso y tiroidectomía total en los otros dos, sin complicaciones. Se concluye que el bocio amiloideo es una patología poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico principalmente es un hallazgo durante el estudio anatomopatológico; sin embargo, se puede sospechar en un paciente con bocio que presenta enfermedades sistémicas.

Thyroid involvement occurs in 50 to 80 percent of cases with systemic amyloidosis. Usually the infiltration is mild, not altering morphology or function. Amyloid goiter occurs when large amounts of amyloid are accumulated, enlarging the gland and compressing neighboring structures. We report three patients aged 42, 49 and 59 years (two women) with amyloid goiter. All had dysphagia and two had dysphonia. One was subjected to a hemithyroidectomy and two to a total thyroidectomy. Pathology reported the presence of amyloid deposits in the surgical pieces.

Bocio retrotraqueal: presentación de un caso / Retrotracheal goiter: a case presentation

Los pacientes con bocio localizado en el mediastino posterior deben ser sometidos a resección quirúrgica por la posibilidad de compromiso de los órganos vecinos o de malignidad. Se presenta el caso de un paciente previamente operado por un bocio con probable prolongación endotorácica que fue intervenido pero continuó con manifestaciones de compresión traqueal. Tras una segunda operación fallida, ahora por vía transesternal, fue remitido a nuestro servicio por una estenosis traqueal isquémica. En el estudio preoperatorio se demostró que se mantenía una masa tumoral aproximadamente de 10 cm, retrotraqueal, que comprimía y deformaba la tráquea. Además presentaba osteomielitis del esternón. Fue intervenido mediante toracotomía derecha y se logró extirpar alrededor de 95 de la masa tumoral. El estudio radiofarmacológico posoperatorio no demostró captación del isótopo en el mediastino. Se hacen consideraciones sobre la indicación de la cirugía y las vías de abordaje utilizadas. Al momento de preparar este manuscrito (6 meses después de la operación) el paciente se encuentra bien, en espera del tratamiento definitivo de la estenosis traqueal isquémica(AU)

Patients with posterior mediastinal goiter should be subjected to surgical resection because of the possibility of affecting neibouring organs or developing malignacy. This paper presented the case of a patient that had been previously operated from a goiter with possible endothoracic prolongation but continued suffering tracheal compression. After a second failed transternal surgery, he was refered to our service with ischemic tracheal stenosis. The preoperative study showed a 10cm retrotracheal tumoral mass that pressed and distorted the trachea. He also had sternal osteomyelitis. Then, he underwent right thoracotomy and roughly 95 of the mass was removed. The post-surgical radiopharmacological study did not reveal isotope uptake in the mediastinum. Surgery indications and the ways of approach used in this case were considered. At the time of preparing this manuscript (6 months after surgery), the patient was in good condition and just waiting for definitive treatment of his ischemic tracheal stenosis(AU)

Modalidades terapêuticas na doença de Basedow-Graves / Therapeutical approaches in Basedow-Graves disease

Neste artigo säo analisadas as três grandes modalidades terapêuticas do hipertireoidismo - o tratamento clínico, o radioiodo e a cirurgia -, discutindo-se detalhadamente cada uma delas, enfocando seus mecanismos de açäo, vantagens e desvantagens, principais indicaçöes e contra indicaçöes. A abordagem terapêutica também será analisada em grupos especiais como neonatos, crianças e adolescentes, gestantes e idosos

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los bocios difusos hipertiroideos: experiencia del hospital de Valdivia / Surgical treatment of diffuse hyperthyroid goiter: experience at Valdivia hospital

The charts of 64 patients, 54 female, aged between 15 and 57 years old, operated between 1985 and 1995 were analyzed. The indication for surgical treatment was failure of medical treatment in 59 patients and a big goiter causing mechanical compression in 3 patients. A subtotal thyroidectomy was done after an abbreviated surgical preparation. The mean weight of the resected glands was 65.9 g. Four patients had transient hypocalcemia and 4 had surgical wound seromas. After a mean follow up of 31 months, 77 percent of patients remain euthyroid, hyperthyroidism relapsed in 13.1 percent and 10 percent became hypothyroid. Surgical treatment of hyperthyroid goiter is safe but the percentage of hyperfunction relapse is high

Análise de fatores associados à recorrência de bócio pós-tiroidectomia / Analysis of the factors associated to recurrence of post-thyroidectomy goiter

Os fatores associados à recidiva de bócio pós-tiroidectomia por doença benigna da tiróoide ainda näo estäo completamente definidos, especialmente o uso profilático de hormônio tiroidiano. Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência, características e fatores associados à recorrência de bócio em pacientes submetidos à tiroidectomia por doença benigna. Métodos. Foram incluídos 66 pacientes, 53 mulheres e 13 homens (idade média = 51 anos, variaçäo = 20-82 anos) submetidos previamente (5,6 + or - 1 anos) à tiroidectomia (lobectomia, n = 50; nodulectomia, n = 5; tiroidectomia subtotal, n = 11). Na ocasiäo do estudo foi realizada ecografia de tiróide e dosagens séricas de T3, T4, TSH e anticorpos antimicrossomal. Definiu-se como recorrência de bócio a presença de volume residual >20mL e/ou novos nódulos >0,5mL à ecografia e näo previamente detectados durante a cirurgia. Resultados. SEte pacientes (10 por cento) apresentaram recorrência de bócio. O tempo de acompanhamento foi mais longo no grupo com recorrência (p < 0,5) e näo foi observada diferença em relaçäo a idade, sexo presença de história familiar de tiropatia e diagnóstico pré-operatório entre os dois grupos. Na análise de regressäo múltipla, apenas o tmepo de acompanhamento pós-tiroidectomia foi significativamente associado à recorrência de bócio (ß = 0,02;//2 = 0,16; p < 0,05), influenciando em 14 por cento a taxa de recorrência. História familiar de tiropatia, uso de hormônio tiroidiano e níveis séricos de T4 e TSE näo influenciaram a recorrência. Conclusäo. A recorrência de bócio pós-tiroidectomia por doença benigna de tiróide ocorre numa minoria de pacientes e estáa relacionada com o maior tempo de acompanhamento após a cirurgia. O uso de hormônio tiroidiano em doses näo supressiva após a cirurgia näo se relaciona à prevençäo de recorrência

Cáncer del tiroides / Thyroid cancer

Se presentan 92 casos de cánceres tiroideos operados entre 1972 y 1992. Se analizan las características clínicas de la serie, los procedimientos quirúrgicos efectuados y los resultados alejados. En el 69,5 por ciento de los casos el bocio fue uninodular. El 55,5 por ciento de los bocios malignos estudiados mediante cintigrafía fueron hipocaptantes. La punción citológica fue de gran rendimiento en 18 casos sometidos a ese estudio diagnóstico. Trece pacientes fallecieron por cáncer del tiroides. Quince se perdieron de control. El resto de la serie se controló entre 3 meses y 26 años después de la operación. Veinticuatro pacientes se controlaron más de cinco años. La mortalidad operatoria fue de 2,17 por ciento. El tratamiento radiante con I 131 o radioterapia externa no tuvo eficacia para modificar el curso de metástasis establecidas

Causas y evolucion post-operativa inmediata de cirugias del tiroides / Causes and progression into postoperative of thyroid surgeries

Se realizo un estudio restrospectivo en el Hospital Dr. Salvador B. Gautier, Santo Domingo; enero 1989-enero 1990 de los pacientes sometidos a cirugias del tiroides, encontrandose 34 pacientes a los cuales se les realizo gammagrafia, T3, T4, TSH, colesterol entre otras pruebas. Dentro de las cuasas de las cirugias estuvieron el bocio miltinodular para un 50 por ciento del total de los casos y con una evolucion satisfactoria para la mayoria de los casos