Produzindo evidências e respostas rápidas no TCC / Producing evidence and quick answers in the undergraduate thesis

Este produto visa orientar todo processo de elaboração de uma resposta rápida para desenvolver um produto que seja de interesse para seu local de trabalho e incorporação dos resultados à dinâmica do serviço. Ele foi pensado e construído para que você possa elaborar o seu produto de resposta rápida com bastante tranquilidade e segurança. Apresenta conteúdos bem explicativos de cada uma das etapas exemplificados, além de indicações de materiais complementares, os quais você poderá acessar para ampliar o seu conhecimento.

This product aims to guide you through the process of developing a rapid response product that is of interest to your workplace and incorporating the results into the dynamics of the service. It has been designed and constructed so that you can develop your rapid response product with a great deal of peace of mind. It contains explanatory content for each of the stages, as well as indications of complementary materials that you can access to broaden your knowledge.

Gene-Centric Database Reveals Environmental and Lifestyle Relationships for Potential Risk Modification and Prevention.

The database at Nutrigenetics.net has been under development since 2007 to facilitate the identification and classification of PubMed articles relevant to human genetics. A controlled vocabulary (i.e., standardized terminology) is used to index these records, with links back to PubMed for every article title. This enables the display of indexes (alphabetical subtopic listings) for any given topic, or for any given combination of topics, including for genes and specific genetic variants. Stepwise use of such indexes (first for one topic, then for combinations of topics) can reveal relationships that are otherwise easily overlooked. These relationships include environmental and lifestyle variables with potential relevance to risk modification (both beneficial and detrimental), and to prevention, or at least to the potential delay of symptom onset for health conditions like Alzheimer disease among many others. Thirty-four specific genetic variants have each been mentioned in at least ≥1,000 PubMed titles/abstracts, and these numbers are steadily increasing. The benefits of indexing with standardized terminology are illustrated for genetic variants like MTHFR 677C-T and its various synonyms (e.g., rs1801133 or Ala222Val). Such use of a controlled vocabulary is also helpful for numerous health conditions, and for potential risk modifiers (i.e., potential risk/effect modifiers).

Developing a Cancer-Focused Library Survey - Assessing the Current Environment and Planning for the Future.

The primary goal of this project is to understand how each National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center library, and all libraries that support cancer research, function within their institutions. Through an in-depth survey focused on three major areas (staff, content and tools procurement, and user services), the research team hopes to determine how a cancer-centric library can be successful in supporting quality patient care, research excellence, and education. Additionally, the survey will examine the necessary minimum staffing levels for librarians and information professionals based on organizational size and degree of research focus. The survey will seek out the new skills librarians will need to deliver optimal services. The survey will also explore how content libraries purchase reflects and maps to constituents' current medical and research activities. Libraries within a research intense environment have a responsibility to align with researchers and health care professionals to provide resources and services that support their workflows. Cancer libraries need to be attuned to their institutions' missions, whether that includes excellent patient care, research endeavors, or cutting-edge educational programs. The information gathered from the survey will provide data for this research team to define the vision and standards of excellence for a cancer specialized research library.

Fracturas del complejo cigomático / Fractures of the zygomatic complex

Introducción: El complejo cigomático maxilar con su convexidad prominente, es muy vulnerable a las lesiones. Objetivo: Abordar elementos actuales sobre el diagnóstico, clasificación, tratamiento y complicaciones de las fracturas del complejo cigomático. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en septiembre de 2016. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de Web of Sciencies (29 revistas) y 2 libros. Se consultaron las bases de datos de MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO con los descriptores: zygomatic fracture, treatment, epidemiology. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés, preferentemente de los últimos 5 años. Se obtuvieron 109 artículos. El estudio se circunscribió a 41. Análisis e integración de la información: El correcto diagnóstico basado en los hallazgos clínicos y medios auxiliares de diagnóstico, permite clasificar la fractura. La clasificación más empleada en nuestro medio es la de las Guías Prácticas de Estomatología. Las modalidades terapéuticas pueden incluir el tratamiento quirúrgico con el uso de métodos de fijación que permiten mayor o menor estabilidad. Las complicaciones pueden aparecer. Conclusiones: La proyección anatómica de los huesos malares justifica la incidencia de estas fracturas. El diagnóstico debe basarse en el interrogatorio, examen físico y los medios auxiliares de diagnóstico imaginológicos. La radiografía Waters es una buena opción de imagen. Al clasificar la fractura se establece un plan de tratamiento basado en la valoración individual de cada caso con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones posteriores(AU)

Introduction: Due to its prominent convexity, the zygomaticomaxillary complex is very vulnerable to injuries. Objective: Address current notions about the diagnosis, classification, treatment and complications of fractures of the zygomatic complex. Methods: A literature review was conducted in September 2016. The evaluation included high impact journals from the Web of Science (29 journals) and 2 books. The databases MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted, using the search terms zygomatic fracture, treatment, epidemiology. Papers written in English were included, preferably from the last five years. Of the 109 papers obtained, the study considered 41. Data analysis and integration: Appropriate diagnosis based on clinical findings and the use of diagnostic aids allows classification of the fracture. The classification most commonly used in our environment is that of the Dental Practice Guidelines. Therapy modes may include surgery with fixation methods allowing greater or lesser stability. Complications may appear. Conclusions: The anatomical protrusion of malar bones accounts for the incidence of these fractures. Diagnosis should be based on interrogation, physical examination and the use of auxiliary diagnostic imaging. Waters radiography is a good imaging option. Upon classification of the fracture, a treatment plan is devised based on individual assessment of each case so as to prevent future complications(AU)

El manejo de la hipertensión arterial como variable de investigación / The management of Arterial hypertension as a research variable

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es un síndrome que tiene como centro un signo obtenido mediante una medición puntual y repetida. Existen diversas variables que resultan de la medición de la tensión arterial que, a su vez es afectada por muy diversos factores. Objetivo: Fundamentar el manejo de la hipertensión arterial como variable de investigación. Material y Método. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en fuentes de información disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de la red telemática infomed, entre ellas, las bases de datos SciELO, Pubmed/Medline, Cumed, Lilacs, así como el Google académico. Finalmente se seleccionaron para nuestro estudio un total de 39 referencias. Desarrollo: Las complejidades de la hipertensión como variable se derivan de las variadas formas de clasificarla, medirla y graficarla. También del número de mediciones y el momento evolutivo de la enfermedad, de sus causas y asociaciones. Conclusiones: La investigación sobre hipertensión arterial exige que en el diseño se prevea que subvariables internas y externas a la HTA serán valoradas. Así como la validez y confiabilidad de las utilizadas y tomar esos elementos en cuenta durante la discusión de sus resultados para que las conclusiones y recomendaciones sean coherentes(AU)

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a syndrome which has, as its center, a sign which is obtained by means of a punctual and repeated measurement. There are several variables resulting from the measurement of blood pressure, which in turn, is affected by multiple factors. Objective: To establish the management of arterial hypertension as a research variable. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out thorough the search for information on different available sources from the Virtual Health Library of the Cuban National Health Care Network and Portal (INFOMED). Among them, databases such as SciELO, Pubmed/Medline, Cumed, Lilacs, as well as Google Scholar were accessed. Finally, a total of 39 references were selected for our study. Development: The complexities of hypertension as a variable are derived from the different forms of classifying, measuring, and graphing it; and also from the number of measurements and the moment during the follow-up of the disease, its causes, and associations. Conclusions: Research on arterial hypertension demands that, in its design, the assessment of its internal and external sub-variables, as well as the validity and reliability of the ones used, should be foreseen to take all these elements into account during the discussion of their results to in order that the conclusions and recommendations can be coheren(AU)

Importancia de los factores críticos de inteligencia: estudio de caso en biomateriales / Importance of the critical factors of intelligence: a case study in biomaterials

El rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y de las bases de datos de la literatura patente y no patente, ha permitido el acceso a un incremento notable de datos y de información que deben procesar gerentes de programa y de proyectos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, vinculados a la esfera de la salud. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la importancia de la aplicación de los factores críticos de inteligencia de la metodología para la gestión y la generación de conocimiento. Esta metodología fue aplicada a un estudio de caso en la esfera de los biomateriales de hidroxiapatita. Esto permitió identificar la problemática y las necesidades de los usuarios, así como el objeto y el objetivo del estudio a realizar. Se definieron la estrategia de búsqueda y las fuentes de información, y se identificó la necesidad de utilizar literatura de patentes y no patente. Se utilizó un sistema automatizado que permitió el procesamiento de las patentes y sus citas. Los resultados de este estudio fueron, entre otros, la identificación de una tendencia positiva en la actividad innovadora en esta temática en relación con los resultados obtenidos en otros estudios(AU)

The rapid development of information technologies and databases about patent and non-patent literature has granted access to a notable increase in data and information to be processed by managers of programs and research, development and innovation projects in the field of health care. The objective of the present study is to identify the importance of the application of the critical factors of intelligence of the methodology for knowledge management and generation. The methodology was applied to a case study in the field of hydroxyapatite biomaterials. This made it possible to identify the problem and the needs of users, as well as the object and objective of the study to be conducted. The search strategy and the information sources were defined, and identification was made of the need to use patent and non-patent literature. An automated system was used which made it possible to process the patents and their citations. The results of the study were, among others, identification of a positive trend in the innovative activity in the field in comparison with the results obtained by other studies(AU)

The use of purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: A worked example on sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature. Many of these syntheses use a strictly exhaustive search strategy to collect articles, mirroring the standard template developed by major review organizations such as the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration. The hegemonic idea behind it is that non-comprehensive samples in systematic reviews may introduce selection bias. However, exhaustive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis has been questioned, and a more purposeful way of sampling papers has been proposed as an alternative, although there is a lack of transparency on how these purposeful sampling strategies might be applied to a qualitative evidence synthesis. We discuss in our paper why and how we used purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis about 'sexual adjustment to a cancer trajectory', by giving a worked example. METHODS: We have chosen a mixed purposeful sampling, combining three different strategies that we considered the most consistent with our research purpose: intensity sampling, maximum variation sampling and confirming/disconfirming case sampling. RESULTS: The concept of purposeful sampling on the meta-level could not readily been borrowed from the logic applied in basic research projects. It also demands a considerable amount of flexibility, and is labour-intensive, which goes against the argument of many authors that using purposeful sampling provides a pragmatic solution or a short cut for researchers, compared with exhaustive sampling. Opportunities of purposeful sampling were the possible inclusion of new perspectives to the line-of-argument and the enhancement of the theoretical diversity of the papers being included, which could make the results more conceptually aligned with the synthesis purpose. CONCLUSIONS: This paper helps researchers to make decisions related to purposeful sampling in a more systematic and transparent way. Future research could confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis of conceptual enhancement by comparing the findings of a purposefully sampled qualitative evidence synthesis with those drawing on an exhaustive sample of the literature.

Overview of systematic reviews - a new type of study. Part II / Overview de revisões sistemáticas - um novo tipo de estudo. Parte II

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Overviews of Systematic Reviews (OoRs) are a new type of study in which multiple evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) is compiled into an accessible and useful document. The aim here was to describe the state of the art and critically assess Cochrane OoRs that have been published. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study conducted at a research center. METHODS: The OoRs identified through the filter developed in Part I of this study were evaluated in five domains: methodological quality; quality of evidence; implications for practice; general profile of OoRs; and length of work. RESULTS: All 13 OoRs included had high methodological quality. Some OoRs did not present sufficient data to judge the quality of evidence; using sensitivity analysis, the quality of evidence of the OoRs increased. Regarding implications for practice, 64% of the interventions were judged as beneficial or harmful, while 36% of them showed insufficient evidence for judgment. It is expected (with 95% confidence interval) that one OoR will include 9,462 to 64,469 patients, 9 to 29 systematic reviews and 80 to 344 primary studies, and assess 6 to 21 interventions; and that 50 to 92% of OoRs will produce meta-analysis. The OoRs generated 2 to 26 meta-analyses over a period of 18 to 31 months. CONCLUSION: The OoRs presented high methodological quality; the quality of evidence tended to be moderate/high; most interventions were judged to be beneficial/harmful; the mean length of work was 24 months. The OoR profile adds power to decision-making. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Overviews de revisões sistemáticas (OoRs) representam um novo tipo de estudo que compila múltiplas evidências de revisões sistemáticas (SRs) em um documento acessível e útil. O objetivo foi de descrever o estado da arte e avaliar criticamente as OoRs Cochrane publicadas. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo descritivo realizado em centro de pesquisa. MÉTODOS: As OoRs identificadas através do filtro desenvolvido na parte I deste estudo foram avaliadas por cinco domínios: qualidade metodológica, qualidade da evidência, implicações para a prática, perfil geral das OoRs e tempo de execução. RESULTADOS: As 13 OoRs incluídas apresentaram alta qualidade metodológica. Algumas OoRs não apresentavam dados suficientes para julgar a qualidade da evidência; com a análise de sensibilidade, a qualidade evidência nas OoRs aumentou. Implicações para prática foram julgadas como benéficas ou danosas em 64% das intervenções; em 36% das intervenções há evidências insuficientes para o julgamento. É esperado (com intervalo de confiança de 95%) que uma OoR inclua 9.462 a 64.469 pacientes, 9 a 29 revisões sistemáticas e 80 a 344 estudos primários, e avaliem entre 6 e 21 intervenções; que 50 a 92% das OoRs realizem metanálise. As OoRs geraram entre 2 e 26 metanálises em um período de 18 a 31 meses. CONCLUSÃO: As OoRs apresentam alta qualidade metodológica; a qualidade da evidência tende a ser alta/moderada; as intervenções, em sua maioria, foram julgadas como benéficas/danosas; o tempo de execução foi de 24 meses em média. O perfil das OoRs potencializa a tomada de decisão. .

Control de autoridades de nombres personales de autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud / Authority control of Cuban authors´names in health sciences

El control de autoridades se realiza mediante una serie de operaciones que permiten elaborar un asiento o registro de autoridad. El registro de autoridad se constituye cuando se define la variante del nombre que se va a utilizar para todos los asientos del catálogo, es decir, la forma autorizada o autoridad acordada. En la presente investigación se define conceptualmente el término control de autoridades y sus características y objetivos, y se describen los procedimientos para su aplicación a los nombres de los autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud. Se define el diseño conceptual de un catálogo de autoridades de nombres de autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud

Authority control is carried out through a series of operations that allow making an authority record. The authority record is established when the variant of the name to be used for all the catalog entries is defined; in other words, the authorized form or agreed authority. The present research defines from the conceptual viewpoint the term authority control and its characteristics and objectives and describes the procedures for application to the names of Cuban authors in the field of Health Sciences. The conceptual design of the catalog of authorities of Cuban authors 'names in Health Sciences is defined

Methodology of clinical nutrition guidelines for adult cancer patients: how good are they according to AGREE criteria?

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition delays recovery from cancer treatment and can lead to additional serious complications. Clinical guidelines for the management of malnutrition in cancer patients are essential tools for optimizing nutritional care; therefore, their methodological quality is of great importance. This review assesses the methodological quality of international clinical guidelines for the management of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. METHODS: Guidelines were identified through searches in multiple electronic databases; afterward, they were systematically reviewed with the AGREE instrument, which is one method of evaluating the methodological quality of guidelines. RESULTS: The methodological quality of the guidelines reviewed varied greatly. The highest scores were observed in the domains "scope and purpose" and "clarity and presentation," while the lowest scores were awarded in the domains "editorial independence," "stakeholder involvement," and "applicability." Furthermore, there was consensus on the indication for parenteral nutrition and nutrition screening. However, there was a lack of consensus on how nutritional therapy should be provided. No improvement was observed in methodological quality of the more recent guidelines compared to the older ones. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of clinical guidelines on malnutrition for cancer patients and the way they are reported need to be improved. To achieve this, developers should utilize available guideline assessment tools, such as the AGREE instrument, when writing or updating guidelines on this topic.

[Hand searching for controlled clinical trials in German surgical journals. A contribution to evidence-based surgery]. / Handsuche nach kontrollierten klinischen Studien in deutschsprachigen chirurgischen Zeitschriften. Ein Beitrag zur evidenzbasierten Chirurgie.

BACKGROUND: The identification of all available and relevant study reports is mandatory for a comprehensive assessment of randomised (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) in systematic reviews. Incomplete compilation of health care journals in electronic databases and incorrect indexing of the studies impair the result of a systematic literature search. An additional search in medical journals that are not listed in electronic databases can obtain higher search precision. METHODS: In the hand searching project of the Cochrane Collaboration, in Germany 14 surgical journals were searched manually for RCTs and CCTs. The identified study reports were compared with Medline records, and the publication frequency was analysed. The study reports were published in the Cochrane Library and are henceforth available for inclusion in systematic reviews. RESULTS: Four hundred (77%) of the 519 published volumes in the 14 surgical journals were searched for RCTs and CCTs. Of the 1152 controlled trials (670 RCTs and 482 CCTs) identified, 674 (58%) were not included in Medline. CONCLUSIONS: The gap between the number of hand search results and the number of Medline indexed RCTs and CCTs is also reflected in other special medical fields. To ensure completeness of the literature compilation, the hand searching project should be continued.

Identifying observational studies of surgical interventions in MEDLINE and EMBASE.

BACKGROUND: Health technology assessments of surgical interventions frequently require the inclusion of non-randomised evidence. Literature search strategies employed to identify this evidence often exclude a methodological component because of uncertainty surrounding the use of appropriate search terms. This can result in the retrieval of a large number of irrelevant records. Methodological filters would help to minimise this, making literature searching more efficient. METHODS: An objective approach was employed to develop MEDLINE and EMBASE filters, using a reference standard derived from screening the results of an electronic literature search that contained only subject-related terms. Candidate terms for MEDLINE (N = 37) and EMBASE (N = 35) were derived from examination of the records of the reference standard. The filters were validated on two sets of studies that had been included in previous health technology assessments. RESULTS: The final filters were highly sensitive (MEDLINE 99.5%, EMBASE 100%, MEDLINE/EMBASE combined 100%) with precision ranging between 16.7%-21.1%, specificity 35.3%-43.5%, and a reduction in retrievals of over 30%. Against the validation standards, the individual filters retrieved 85.2%-100% of records. In combination, however, the MEDLINE and EMBASE filters retrieved 100% against both validation standards with a reduction in retrieved records of 28.4% and 30.1% CONCLUSION: The MEDLINE and EMBASE filters were highly sensitive and substantially reduced the number of records retrieved, indicating that they are useful tools for efficient literature searching.