Impact of injury mechanism on early wound closure in patients with acute conflict-related extremity wounds: A prospective cohort analysis from two civilian hospitals in Iraq and Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Gunshots and bomb blasts are important causes of extremity injuries in conflict zones, yet little research exists on the characteristics and outcomes of these injuries in civilian populations. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort analysis utilizing data from a randomized trial conducted at two civilian hospitals in Jordan and Iraq in 2015-2019. Adults who presented ≤72 h of sustaining an extremity injury were included. We used mechanism of injury (gunshot/bomb blast) as the exposure and wound closure by day 5 as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: The population predominantly comprised young men (n = 163, 94% male, and median age 29 years) injured by gunshots (61%) or bomb blasts (39%). Compared with the gunshot group, more participants in the bomb blast group had concomitant injuries (32/63 [51%] vs. 11/100 [11%], p < 0.001) and vascular injuries (9/63 [14%] vs. 4/100 [4%], p = 0.02). The wounds were larger in the bomb blast group compared with the gunshot group (median area 86 cm2 [IQR 24-161] vs. 21 cm2 [IQR 7-57], p < 0.001). Compared with the bomb blast group, significantly more participants in the gunshot group achieved wound closure by day 5 (74/100 [74%] vs. 16/63 [25%], p < 0.001). This difference remained after controlling for confounding factors (odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6-13.7). CONCLUSIONS: In civilians with conflict-related extremity injuries, bomb blast wounds had a lower likelihood of achieving closure within 5 days than gunshot wounds, independent of other factors, such as wound size and vascular injuries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02444598. Registered 14-05-2015, https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT02444598.

Representación mediática de la acción de protesta juvenil: la capucha como metáfora / Media representaitons of youth protests: The hood as a metaphor / Representação midiática da ação do protesto juvenil: O capuz como metáfora

Este estudio muestra cómo un reportaje televisivo construye a los estudiantes como actores inherentemente agresivos y socialmente desviados, retratándolos como responsables de la colocación de una bomba en una estación de metro en Santiago (Chile) el año 2014. Se aborda la figura del 'encapuchado' como representante de la juventud movilizada, la cual es sistemáticamente marginalizada y excluida de la esfera pública en el relato periodístico. Las metodologías provienen de los Estudios Críticos del Discurso, a partir de las cuales tanto el texto como las imágenes se analizaron en relación con la recontextualización de acciones y motivaciones en la estructura narrativa. Los resultados sugieren que el joven encapuchado se utiliza metafóricamente para deslegitimar al movimiento estudiantil en su conjunto. También se destacan contribuciones interdisciplinarias al campo de los Estudios de Juventud.

This study aims to demonstrate how one particular television report constructs an image of students as inherently aggressive and socially deviant social actors, portraying them as the ones responsible for the placement of a bomb in an underground station in Santiago (Chile) in 2014. The authors approach the figure of the hooded demonstrator ('encapuchado') as representative of mobilized youth, who are systematically marginalized and excluded from the public sphere through the news story. Methodologies from Critical Discourse Studies are used in the study, in which textual and visual modes of discourse are analyzed in relation to the recontextualization of actions and motives included in the narrative structure. Results suggest that young hooded students are metaphorically used to delegitimize the student movement as a whole, actively contributing to the interdisciplinary field of Youth Studies.

Este estudo revela como uma reportagem televisiva constrói estudantes como atores sociais intrinsecamente agressivos e socialmente desviados, retratando-os como os responsáveis pela colocação de uma bomba em uma estação do metrô em Santiago (Chile) em 2014. Aproximamo-nos da figura do 'encapuzado' como representante da juventude mobilizada, sistematicamente marginalizada e excluída da esfera pública através da notícia. As metodologias estão ligadas aos Estudos Críticos de Discurso, do qual tanto o texto como as imagens foram analisadas em relação à recontextualização de açôes e motivos na estrutura narrativa. Os resultados sugerem que os jovens encapuzados são usados metaforicamente para deslegitimar o movimento estudantil como um todo. Também são destacadas contribuiçôes interdisciplinares para o campo dos Estudos da Juventude.

Efecto agudo de Complex Training en press banca sobre la distancia del lanzamiento de la granada / Acute effect of a Complex Training over grenade throwing distance

Objetivo: determinar el efecto agudo de un Complex Training en press banca sobre el lanzamiento de la granada en pentatletas militares profesionales y aficionados. Métodos: diecinueve pentatletas militares divididos en dos grupos fueron parte del estudio. Las variables medidas fueron: distancia máxima del lanzamiento de la granada y potencias máximas en press banca. El protocolo consistió en: 4 series de 5 repeticiones al 30 por ciento de una repetición máxima, más 4 repeticiones al 60 por ciento de una repetición máxima, más 3 lanzamientos de granada con pausa de 15 segundos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó ANOVA de medias. Resultados: la distancia máxima del lanzamiento de la granada presentó un aumento significativo entre la Serie Control y las cuatro series experimentales para el Grupo Profesional (p= 0,0019, tamaño del efecto= 0,370) y un descenso significativo en el Grupo Aficionado (p= 0,0128, tamaño del efecto = 0,305); las potencias máximas en press banca no sufrieron modificaciones significativas en ambos grupo (Grupo Profesional p= 0,15, tamaño del efecto= 0,166; Grupo Aficionado p= 0,17, tamaño del efecto= 0,199). Conclusión: el efecto agudo positivo del Complex Training fue atribuido a la Potenciación Posactivación de la musculatura involucrada en el lanzamiento. El descenso significativo en el lanzamiento de la granada observado en el Grupo Aficionado fue atribuido a la imposibilidad de sintetizar ATP posesfuerzo, lo que indujo una fatiga muscular(AU)

Purpose: Determining the acute effect of a Complex Training in bench press over grenade throwing in professional and amateur military pentathletes. Methods: Nineteen military pentathletes divided into two groups were part of the study (Professional Group = 10 and Amateur Group = 9). Variables measured were: Distance maximum in grenade throwing and peak power in bench press. Complex Training protocol consisted of: 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30 percent of one repetition maximum + 4 repetitions at 60 percent of one repetition maximum + 3 grenade throws with a 15-second rest. For the statistical analysis, repeated measures ANOVA was used, the effect size was estimated with Eta Partial Squared. Results: Distance maximum of grenade throwing showed a significant increase between the Control Set and the four experimental sets for the Professional Group (p = 0.0019, effect size = 0.370) and a significant decrease in the Amateur Group (p = 0.0128, effect size = 0.305); peak power in bench press did not suffer significant modifications in both groups (Professional Groupp = 0.15, effect size = 0.166; Amateur Group p = 0.17, effect size = 0.199). Conclusions: The results of the study showed a positive acute effect from Complex Training on the distance of grenade throwing only for professional military pentathletes, such effect was attributed to a Post-Activation Potentiation of the muscles involved in throwing. The significant decline in grenade throwing observed in the amateur military pentathletes was attributed to the impossibility of synthetizing ATP post-workout(AU)