Bullying a personas con trastornos de la comunicación integradas en establecimientos escolares: rol de la fonoaudiología y sus implicancias en la salud comunicativa / Bullying of people with communication disorders integrated in schools: role of speech therapy and its implications for communicative health

El bullying es un fenómeno definido como una forma de agresión intencional que incluye actos verbales, físicos o psicológicos que ocurren en una relación con otras personas de manera reiterada, sistemática y sostenida en el tiempo. La mayor parte de los estudios se concentran en el bullying y las consecuencias en población escolar normotípica, sin embargo, existe poca exploración en el bullying que es resultado de un trastorno comunicativo. Es por ello que la labor de los fonoaudiólogos insertos en ámbitos educativos no es clara en explicitar los lineamientos de acciones terapéuticas que favorezcan la prevención de este fenómeno. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer las principales concepciones que los fonoaudiólogos tienen sobre el bullying en personas con trastornos de la comunicación en edad escolar. Con este objetivo, se realizó una investigación con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, mediados por encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad respectivamente. Se encontró que más del 65% del bullying entre personas dentro de los establecimientos educacionales se relaciona con niños de entre 9 y 12 años de edad con trastornos de la comunicación. En cuanto a la autopercepción del rol fonoaudiológico en el tema de la prevención e/o intervención en temas de bullying, emergen los conceptos de favorecer los aspectos del lenguaje y/o del habla en los niños que tienen dificultad, la sensibilización de los actores involucrados, el refuerzo del autoestima y el trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario. Finalizando el tratamiento analítico de las entrevistas, se establece que la Fonoaudiología cumpliría un papel fundamental en el abordaje del bullying en poblaciones con trastornos de la comunicación, siendo el profesional que actúa directamente sobre la salud comunicativa.

Bullying is a phenomenon defined as a form of intentional aggression that includes verbal, physical or psychological acts that occur in a relationship with other people in a repeated, systematic and sustained manner over time. Most of the studies focus on bullying and its consequences in the normal school population, however, there is little exploration of bullying that is the result of a communication disorder. This is why the work of speech therapists inserted in educational settings is not clear in explaining the guidelines for therapeutic actions that favor the prevention of this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to know the main conceptions that speech-language pathologists have about bullying in people with communication disorders at school age. With this objective, an investigation was carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods, mediated by surveys and in-depth interviews, respectively. It was found that more than 65% of bullying between people within educational establishments is related to children between 9 and 12 years of age with communication disorders. Regarding the self-perception of the speech-language pathology role in the issue of prevention and/or intervention in bullying issues, the concepts of favoring aspects of language and/or speech in children who have difficulty emerge, raising awareness of the actors involved, the reinforcement of self-esteem and interdisciplinary teamwork. Completing the analytical treatment of the interviews, it is established that speech therapy would play a fundamental role in addressing bullying in populations with communication disorders, being the professional who acts directly on communicative health.

Associação entre supervisão parental, vitimização e perpetração de bullying em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015 / Asociación entre la supervisión de los padres y la victimización y perpetración de la intimidación en adolescentes brasileños, Encuesta Nacional de Salud Estudiantil 2015 / Association between parental supervision and bullying victimization and perpetration in Brazilian adolescents, Brazilian National Survey of Student's Health 2015

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim = 0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp = 0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim = 0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp= 0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp = 0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares.

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre las características de la supervisión parental y los diferentes roles del bullying entre adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar de Adolescentes (PeNSE) 2015. Las comidas frecuentes con los padres/tutores, el conocimiento sobre el tiempo libre y la verificación de la tarea fueron las prácticas parentales evaluadas. Se utilizo regresión logística para la asociación entre prácticas y bullying (perpetración y victimización), presentada como razón de probabilidades (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 estudiantes, comidas frecuentes [RPvitim = 0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); RPperp = 0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)] y verificación de la tarea [RPvitim = 0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ORperp = 0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] y conocimiento de los padres/tutores sobre el tiempo libre [RPperp= 0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] se asociaron inversamente con el acoso. Conclusión: Una mayor supervisión de los padres redujo el acoso en los estudiantes.

Objective: To analyze the association between parental supervision characteristics and different bullying roles among Brazilian adolescent school students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National School Student Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015. Frequent meals with parents/guardians, knowing about students' free time activities and checking their homework were the parental practices assessed. Logistic regression was used for association between these practices and bullying (perpetration and victimization), presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Among 102,072 school students, frequent meals with parents or guardians [ORvictim = 0.86 (95%CI 0.84;0.89); ORperp = 0.85 (95%CI 0.82;0.88)], checking homework [ORvictim = 0.95 (95%CI 0.92;0.97); ORperp = 0.76 (95%CI - 0.74;0.78)], and parents' or guardians' knowledge about students' free time activities [ORperp = 0.70 (95%CI 0.68;0.73] were inversely associated with bullying. Conclusion: Greater parental supervision reduced the odds of bullying victimization and perpetration among adolescent school students.

LGBTQ state policies: A lever for reducing SGM youth substance use and bullying.

PURPOSE: Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are more likely than their cisgender and heterosexual peers to use substances and to be bullied, yet it is unknown whether the absence/presence of youth- and LGBTQ-specific equity laws drive these disparities. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research focused on adult- and LGBTQ-specific structural factors (e.g., same-sex marriage laws) to determine whether the youths' structural environment (i.e., state-level LGBTQ youth-focused equity laws) was associated with bullying and recent alcohol use, binge drinking, and cigarette use among SGMY. PROCEDURES: We utilized data from the LGBTQ National Teen Survey, collected in 2017 (N = 8,841 sexual and gender minority youth). Linear regression analyses examined the association between bullying and substance use and between state-level LGBTQ youth-focused equity laws (individually and as a composite variable) and bullying and substance use. FINDINGS: SGMY living in states with LGBTQ equity laws were less likely to experience bullying. Findings regarding the relation between LGBTQ equity laws and substance use were mixed, such that LGBTQ equity laws were associated with a higher likelihood of binge drinking and alcohol use, and a lower likelihood of cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the role of state-level equity laws in reducing bullying and substance use disparities for SGMY. Yet, given the finding that equity laws were associated with a higher likelihood of binge drinking, it is important to continue to explore how the structural environment shapes SGMY health.

O corpo no ensino médio: uma análise da percepção corporal dos estudantes do rio de janeiro / The body in high school: an analysis of the body perception of rio de janeiro students

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é investigar a percepção corporal dos estudantes do Ensino Médio em escolas estaduais do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da perspectiva filosófica de Michel Foucault e da sociologia de David Le Breton. As categorias corpo acessório, poder disciplinar e biopoder foram estabelecidas a partir do referencial teórico adotado. Na pesquisa exploratória foram coletados 392 questionários e inferimos a partir deles que os adolescentes sentem-se bem consigo, não se encontram felizes com sua aparência física, não estão felizes com seu peso e altura, acreditam que atos de bullying estão relacionados à aparência física e apresentam uma tendência a modificarem seus corpos.Eles percebem seu comportamento sendo observado na escola, consideram importante o controle de seu tempo e espaço, sentem-sequestionadores das normas estabelecidas e não encontram espaço para expressarem suas opiniões. Os adolescentes aprovam a maneira que se comportam e reconhecem que a aparência física facilita a aceitação nos grupos sociais.Concluimos que processos de individualização podem forjar indivíduos, negando o direito de serem verdadeiramente individuais, fragmentando sua vida comunitária, sendo forçando-os a voltarem-se a si mesmo, por medo de uma possível não aceitação social.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is investigate the body perception of high school students in schools in state of Rio de Janeiro, from the philosophical perspective of Michel Foucault and the sociology of David Le Breton. Thecategoriesbodyacessory, disciplinary power and biopower were estabilished for the referencial theory adopted. In the exploratory research were collected 392 questionnaires and we infer from them that adolescents feel good about themselves, they are not happy with their physical appearance, they are not happy with their weight and height, they believe that acts of bullying are related to physical appearance and show a tendency to change their bodies. They perceive their behavior being observed in the school, consider important the control in theirs time and space, they feel challenged by the norms established and not find spaces to express their opinions. They approve of the way they behave and recognize that physical appearance facilitates acceptance in social groups. We may conclude that such individualization processes can forge individuals by denying the right to be truly individual, fragmenting their community life and forcing the individual to turn to himself, for fear of a possible not social acceptance.

Variables involved in the management of school bullying: a bayesian network analysis / Variáveis envolvidas no gerenciamento de conflitos do tipo bullying em escolas: uma análise de rede bayesiana

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the management of bullying by the managers of elementary schools. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory research carried out through semi-structured interviews with 17 school counselors from a city in the South of Brazil, randomly selected from different geographical sectors. The interviews were recorded with participants' consent and, after transcription and checking, were discarded. The interviews covered the following subjects: sociodemographic characterization of subjects, school functioning, comprehension, recognition and management of bullying cases by counselors. Data analysis was performed using the Bayesian network associated with content analysis. Results: The majority of subjects were females, between 30 and 50 years old. Fifteen subjects were graduated in pedagogy, and all had postgraduate degrees. Most of them worked as counselor for less than three years. Only two subjects, between 30 and 50 years old, understood the term bullying. Case recognition was lower in this age group. Having a degree influenced positively the recognition of bullying. The higher the number of students in the school, the lower the recognition of cases by managers. All subjects managed cases by addressing children, families, staff, and involving professionals and support groups. Conclusions: The understanding and recognition of bullying was given by a few interviewees. All managers reported similar management actions in the cases. Given the scarcity of studies on bullying management in schools, more studies in this area could improve the approach of cases and contribute to their reduction.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o gerenciamento de conflitos do tipo bullying pelos gestores de escolas de ensino fundamental. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 17 orientadores de escolas escolhidas aleatoriamente de um município do Sul do Brasil, contemplando os diversos setores geográficos locais. As entrevistas foram gravadas mediante consentimento, e, após transcrição e conferência pelos sujeitos, descartadas. As entrevistas abordam: caracterização sociodemográfica dos sujeitos, funcionamento da escola e compreensão, reconhecimento e gerenciamento dos casos de bullying pelos orientadores. A análise dos dados foi feita com base na rede bayesiana associada à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos era do sexo feminino e tinha entre 30 e 50 anos. Quinze sujeitos eram formados em pedagogia, e todos possuíam pós-graduação. A maioria atuava na função de orientador havia menos de três anos. A compreensão do termo bullying deu-se apenas por dois sujeitos, com idade entre 30 e 50 anos. Já o reconhecimento dos casos foi menor nessa faixa etária. Ter feito pós-graduação influenciou positivamente o reconhecimento de bullying. Quanto maior o número de alunos na escola, menor o reconhecimento dos casos pelos gestores. Todos os sujeitos gerenciaram os casos abordando as crianças, famílias e equipe e envolvendo profissionais e núcleos de apoio. Conclusões: A compreensão e o reconhecimento do bullying deram-se por poucos entrevistados. Todos os gestores relataram ações de gerenciamento semelhantes diante dos casos. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos sobre gestão de bullying na escola, mais estudos nessa área poderiam melhorar a abordagem dos casos, contribuindo para sua redução.

Translating Screening into Action: Risk Assessment and Intervention for Bullying in Pediatric Settings.

The prevalence and consequences of childhood bullying demand routine screening and intervention in all pediatric health care settings. Although there are many validated screening tools available, there is little guidance on how to assess children at risk and provide interventions based on risk level. Guided by the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment model for adolescent substance use, we reviewed the literature to identify factors that raise a child's risk level from bullying. In this article, we discuss the five factors identified and propose interventions for differential risk among children. Beyond screening questions and general guidance, a framework for identifying children most at risk of negative outcomes owing to bullying and practical next steps for care is essential. This article outlines such a framework for use by pediatric nurse practitioners and in pediatric care settings at large.

Acoso escolar, ciberacoso y las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación / Bullying, Cyberbullying and the New Information and Communication Technologies

Introducción: El acoso escolar o bullying es uno de los grandes riesgos para la salud psicológica de niños y adolescentes. Es una situación de violencia constante, física o psicológica, llevada a cabo por un escolar o un grupo de escolares contra otro alumno que no puede defenderse. El ciberacoso o ciberbullying constituye una forma de agresión intencional y repetida que genera abusos de poder a través de las nuevas tecnologías, como el correo electrónico, los chats, los móviles o las redes sociales, entre otros. Objetivo: Profundizar en los aspectos del acoso escolar, el ciberbullyng y las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Métodos: Para efectuar esta revisión y ofrecer a los lectores una actualización sobre el tema en cuestión, se consultaron las bases de datos incluidas en los servicios LILACS, EBSCO e HINARI y se alcanzó muy buena cobertura, tanto en Cuba, Latinoamérica y el Caribe, como en el resto del mundo. También se visitaron sitios Web en Internet de obligada consulta por su prestigio y liderazgo sobre el tema. Conclusiones: Se establece una vez más la importancia de la familia en el fenómeno del acoso en general y la importancia que tiene una buena funcionalidad familiar en este aspecto, así que cualquier intervención que se haga para prevenir el fenómeno de acoso debe tener en cuenta fundamentalmente la familia. Consideramos que es necesario fomentar esta línea de investigación para conocer el comportamiento de este fenómeno en nuestro país y comparar la legislación educativa relacionada con los fenómenos de acoso escolar y ciberacoso(AU)

Introduction: Bullying is one of the greatest risks for the psychological health of children and adolescents. It is a situation of constant violence, physical or psychological, carried out by a schoolchild or a group of schoolchildren against another student who cannot defend himself or herself. Cyberbullying constitutes a form of intentional and repeated aggression that generates abuse of power through new technologies, such as email, chats, mobile phones or social networks, among others. Objective: To delve into the aspects of bullying, cyberbullying and new information and communication technologies. Methods: To carry out this review and to offer readers an update on the subject of interest, we consulted the databases included in the LILACS, EBSCO and HINARI services and very good coverage was achieved, in Cuba, Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as in the rest of the world. We also visited internet websites of obligatory consultation for their prestige and leadership on the subject. Conclusions: We highlight, once again, the importance of the family in facing the phenomenon of bullying in general and the importance of good family functionality in this respect, so any intervention that is made to prevent the phenomenon of bullying must fundamentally take the family into account. We consider that it is necessary to promote this line of research to understand the behavior of this phenomenon in our country and to compare the educational legislation related to the phenomena of bullying and cyberbullying(AU)

Elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria / Elements that configure school safety perception in high school students

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los elementos que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar en estudiantes de secundaria. Se presenta un estudio cualitativo con enfoque sistémico ecológico. Por medio de un muestreo teórico, se incluyeron a 22 estudiantes, 50 % hombres con 12 a 16 años, quienes participaron en un grupo focal, previo consentimiento informado de los padres. Los datos recabados fueron audio grabados; se transcribieron y analizaron con el método de análisis de contenido por medio del programa Maxqda 18. Se identificaron 4 categorías que configuran la percepción de seguridad escolar: 1) condiciones de la escuela (físicas y organizacionales); 2) elementos relacionados con los maestros; 3) elementos relacionados con los compañeros, y 4) elementos relacionados con los padres. Los hallazgos sugieren que las condiciones físicas y organizacionales mantienen un papel importante en la con figuración del sentido de seguridad escolar. Asimismo, la cercanía y apoyo recibido de actores del contexto (maestros, padres y alumnos) promueve una percepción más positiva de la seguridad.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the individual elements that configure the school safety perception in middle school students. We designed a qualitative study, with a systemic and ecological approach. Using a theoretical sampling, we included 22 students, 50% man with an age from 12 to 16 years old, who participated in a focus group, previous informed consent from the parents. The session was videotaped, the data was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis with the program MAXQDA 18. We identified four categories of factors that configure the student's school safety perception: 1) school conditions (physical and organizational); 2) elements related to teachers; 3) elements related to peers; and 4) elements related to parents. The findings suggest that the school´s physical and organizational conditions have an important role in the configuration of the school safety perception. Likewise, the closeness and support received by actors from the school context (teachers, parents and peers) favor a more positive perception of school safety.

Addressing Incivility and Bullying in the Practice Environment.

OBJECTIVE: To identify knowledge related to incivility in the workplace, explore the impact that incivility can have on nursing and patient outcomes, and identify interventions to help promote a positive work environment. DATA SOURCES: Published literature, internet, books, and clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION: Incivility detracts from the caring environment of oncology care. Incivility can negatively affect oncology nurse's ability to work together as collaborative teams and may have detrimental consequences on patient outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nursing is a highly collaborative specialty; therefore, nurse leaders need to ensure all team members have the tools needed to mitigate workplace incivility.

Broader impacts of an intervention to transform school environments on student behaviour and school functioning: post hoc analyses from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported benefits for reduced bullying, smoking, alcohol and other drug use and mental health from a trial of 'Learning Together', an intervention that aimed to modify school environments and implement restorative practice and a social and emotional skill curriculum. OBJECTIVES: To conduct post hoc theory-driven analyses of broader impacts. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTINGS: 40 state secondary schools in southern England. PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 11/12 years at baseline. OUTCOMES: Student self-reported measures at 24 and 36 months of: cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration; observations of other students perpetrating aggressive behaviours at school; own perpetration of aggressive behaviours in and outside school; perceived lack of safety at school; participation in school disciplinary procedures; truancy and e-cigarette use. RESULTS: We found evidence of multiple impacts on other health (reduced e-cigarette use, cyberbullying perpetration, perpetration of aggressive behaviours) and educational (reduced participation in school disciplinary procedures and truancy) outcomes. CONCLUSION: These analyses suggested that the intervention was effective in bringing about a broader range of beneficial outcomes, adding to the evidence that the intervention is a promising approach to promote adolescent health via an intervention that is attractive to schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN10751359.

Brief antibullying intervention for adolescents in public schools / Intervención breve antibullying para adolescentes en escuelas públicas / Intervenção breve antibullying para adolescentes em escolas públicas

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the results of a brief antibullying intervention for adolescents in public schools. Method: This was a controlled experimental study whose subjects were 1,043 students in 5th through 9th grades from public schools in Porto Alegre/State of Rio Grande do Sul, conducted between April and November 2015. Adolescents and school teachers randomly assigned to the intervention group participated in two meetings focused on educative aspects of bullying. Outcome was assessed using the Bullying Questionnaire - victim and perpetrator version. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: Average age of subjects was 12.5 (SD=1.62) years. A total of 613 (58.7%) adolescents participated in interventions. They were compared to 430 (41.3%) participants in the control group. The study did not observe any significant difference in bullying scores after the intervention. Conclusions: This study indicates the usefulness of clarifying precisely what bullying is in schools as part of an initial approach to an educative strategy on this topic.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados de una intervención breve antibullying para adolescentes de escuelas públicas. Método: Se trata de estudio experimental controlado, con 1.043 estudiantes del 5º al 9º año de escuelas públicas de Porto Alegre/RS, realizado entre abril y noviembre de 2015. Los adolescentes y los profesores de las escuelas sorteados para el grupo la intervención participaron de dos encuentros con enfoque en aspectos educativos sobre bullying. Los demás adolescentes participaron del grupo control. El resultado se evaluó utilizando Bullying Questionnaire versión para víctimas y la versión para agresores. Se utilizaron Generalized Estimating Equations para evaluar el efecto de la intervención. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 12,5 (DP=1,62) años. Un total 613 (58,7%) adolescentes recibieron la intervención y fueron comparados con 430 (41,3%) participantes del grupo control. No se observó diferencia significativa en los resultados de bullying después de la intervención. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican la utilidad de aclarar en las escuelas precisamente que es el bullying, como una estrategia educativa inicial sobre el tema.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar os resultados de uma intervenção breve antibullying para adolescentes de escolas públicas. Método: Estudo experimental controlado, com 1.043 estudantes do 5º ao 9º ano de escolas públicas de Porto Alegre/RS, realizado entre abril e novembro de 2015. Os adolescentes e os professores das escolas sorteados para o grupo intervenção participaram de dois encontros com foco em aspectos educativos sobre bullying. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do Questionário de Bullying versão vítima e versão agressor. Utilizou-se o Generalized Estimating Equations para avaliar o efeito da intervenção. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 12,5 (DP=1,62) anos. Um total 613 (58,7%) adolescentes receberam a intervenção e foram comparados com 430 (41,3%) participantes do grupo controle. Não foi observada diferença significativa nos escores de bullying após a intervenção. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam a utilidade de se esclarecer o que é o bullying, como uma estratégia educativa inicial sobre o tema.

Prática de atividade física e participação esportiva associadas à violência em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Physical activity and sports participation associated with violence in adolescents: a systematic review

RESUMO O presente estudo conduziu uma revisão da literatura que com o objetivo de investigar a relação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e de esportes com violência e agressão entre adolescentes. Uma busca estruturada foi conduzida em três bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science e Scielo) utilizando três campos de busca para população (adolescentes), AF/esportes e vioência/agressão. Dos 618 estudos encontrados, 555 foram selecionados por título e resumo, 63 foram lidos na íntegra e 24 foram incluídos para análise. Foi observada uma prevalência de 83% de estudos transversais, e o tamanho das amostras variou entre 210 e 71854 adolescentes. Medidas de violência e AF/esportes foram diversas. Dentre os 24 estudos analisados, seis não encontraram relação entre AF/esportes e violência, oito verificaram que AF/esportes foram fator de proteção, e 15 identificaram uma relação positiva entre AF/esportes e violência. Os achados sugerem que AF/esportes estão relacionados a uma maior exposição a conflitos e comportamentos agressivos, que podem escalar para outras relações fora do contexto da atividade feita. Contudo, o tipo de AF e o contexto parecem ter um importante papel na promoção de conflitos, com atividades coletivas com conflito direto, como futebol, oferecendo maior chance de promover agressividade comparados com atividades individuais sem conflito direto.

ABSTRACT The present study conducted a review of the literature that aimed to investigate the relationship between the practice of physical activity (PA) and sports with violence and aggression among adolescents. A structured search was conducted on three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scielo) using three fields for the population (adolescents), PA/sports and violence/aggression. Of the 618 studies identified, 555 were screened by the title and abstract, 63 had the full text screened and 24 were selected for inclusion and analysis. Most studies were cross-sectional (53%), and sample size varied between 210 and 71854 adolescents. Metrics of violence and PA/sports were very diverse. Of the 24 analyzed studies, six studies found no association between PA/sports and violence, eight found that PA/sports were a protective factor, and 15 found a positive relationship between PA/sports and violence. The findings suggest that PA/sports are related to higher exposition to conflicts, and aggressive behavior, which may escalate to other relationships amongst adolescents outside of the context of PA/sports. The type of PA practiced may play an important role in promoting conflicts, with team-based sports with direct conflict being more likely to promote aggressiveness compared to individual sports without direct conflicts.

Bullying and its correlation with the quality of life of adolescents

Introduction:The high incidence of school violence in the school environment is a worldwide problem at all levels, which is of concern as well as highly relevant to public health, as its impact on the development of children and adolescents can have serious physical, psychological and social consequences. , significantly affecting their lives. One form of violence that has been emphasized through academic studies is bullying, which means cruelty, intimidation and / or aggression.Objective:Aimed at verify the occurrence and correlation of bullying with the quality of life among adolescents. Methodology:The study followed the current ethical dictates. This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. All elementary school institutions (n = 22) of a municipality of São Paulo, Brazil were visited. All students (n = 1,068) were invited to participate, but, only 382 consented. Results:Of the total, 3.7% said they always committed bullying; 21.2% reported being victims of peer intimidation; 11.3% said they had a quality of life neither good nor bad; 2.4% said their lives make no sense. According to the correlation tests between the VPAS and the WHOQOL-Bref., there was a significant correlation at the intersection of the direct aggression and relational aggression domains with the physical, psychological, social relationships and environment domainsof the WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusion:It is concluded that as bullying increases, the quality of life decreases (AU).

Introdução:A alta incidência de violência escolar é um problema mundial em todos os níveis, o que é preocupante, bem comoaltamente relevante para a saúde pública, pois seu impacto no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes pode causar sérias consequências físicas, psicológicas e sociais, afetando significativamente suas vidas. Uma forma de violência que tem sido enfatizada por meio de estudos acadêmicos é o bullying, que significacrueldade, intimidação e/ou agressividade. Objetivo:Verificar a ocorrência e a correlação do bullying com a qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Metodologia:O estudo seguiu os ditames éticos atuais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico. Foram visitadas todas as instituições de ensino fundamental (n = 22) de um município do noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Todos os alunos (n = 1.068) foram convidados a participar, mas, apenas 382 consentiram. Resultados:Do total, 3,7% disseram que sempre cometeram bullying; 21,2% afirmaram serem vítimas de intimidação de pares; 11,3% disseram ter uma qualidade de vida nem boa, nem má; 2,4% disseram que suas vidas não fazem sentido. De acordo com os testes de correlação entre o VPAS e o WHOQOL-Bref, houve correlação significativa na interseção dos domínios agressividade diretae agressividade relacional com os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente do WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusão:Conclui-se que a medida que o bullying aumenta, a qualidade de vida diminui (AU).

Introducción:La alta incidencia de violencia escolar es un problema mundial en todos los niveles, lo cual es preocupante y muy relevante para la salud pública, ya que su impacto en el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes puede tener graves consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales,afectando significativamente sus vidas. Una forma de violencia que se ha enfatizado a través de los estudios académicos es el acoso escolar, lo que significa crueldad, intimidación y agresión.Objetivo:El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la incidencia y la correlación entre el acoso escolar y la calidad de vida de los adolescentes. Metodología:Este estudio siguió los códigos de ética actuales. Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y analítico para el cual se realizó una visita a todas las instituciones de educación básica (n=22) de un municipio del noroeste del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se invitó a todos los alumnos (n=1.068) a participar, pero solo 382 aceptaron. Resultados:Del total, el 3.7% dijo siempre haber perpetrado acoso escolar; el 21.2% afirmó ser víctima de intimidación por parte de sus compañeros; el 11.3% dijo que su calidad de vida no era ni buena ni mala, y el 2.4% dijo sentir que su vida no tiene sentido. De acuerdo con los resultados de la VPAS y la WHOQOL-Bref, hubo una correlación significativa en la intersección de los ámbitos de agresividad directa y relacional y los ámbitos físicos, psicológicos, de relaciones sociales y del entorno de la WHOQOL-Bref.Conclusión:Se concluyó que, a medida que el acoso escolar aumenta, la calidad de vida disminuye (AU).