Seneca and the First Description of Anton Syndrome.

Seneca was a Roman philosopher, politician, and mentor to the young Nero. He later fell in disgrace and was sentenced to death by the Emperor. Seneca left many texts, one of the most influential being his Moral Letters to Lucilius (63 CE). In Letter 50, he describes the case of Harpaste, his wife's foolish slave who acutely became blind. She denied her illness and argued irrationally about room darkness, constantly asking attendants to change her quarters. Harpaste's case, consisting of acutely acquired blindness and anosognosia in the presence of relatively well-preserved cognition, fulfills the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Anton syndrome, and probably constitutes its first description.

History of ophthalmology. Boerhaave's tale.

The great 18th century physician, Hermann Boerhaave, once lectured on a case that is most likely the second recorded description of transient blindness due to interference with the brain.