Association between hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and circadian syndrome risk: a longitudinal cohort study.

Recently, circadian syndrome (CircS) has been proposed as a new predictor of cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and its dynamic status with CircS in China. We conducted a two-stage study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression models in cross-sectional analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models in longitudinal analysis were used to estimate the associations of hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotypes with CircS and its components. We then applied multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CircS risk by transformation into the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype. A total of 9863 participants were included in the cross-sectional analysis and 3884 participants in the longitudinal analysis. Compared with normal waist circumference (WC) and normal triglyceride (TG) level (NWNT), CircS risk was increased with enlarged WC and high TG level (EWHT) (hazard ratio (HR) 3.87 [95% CI: 2.38, 5.39]). Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking status, and drinking status. During follow-up, CircS risk was increased in group K (stable EWNT during follow-up) (OR 9.97 [95% CI: 6.41, 15.49]) compared with group A (stable NWNT during follow-up), while group L (baseline enlarged WC and normal TG level transformed to follow-up EWHT) had the highest risk of CircS (OR 116.07 [95% CI: 72.77, 185.14]). In conclusion, the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and its dynamic status were associated with the risk of developing CircS in Chinese adults.

Association between hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and hypogonadism in Taiwanese adult men.

BACKGROUND: Aging-related hypogonadism in men is related to the deterioration of overall health. Those with this disease rarely receive treatment. The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is a tool for predicting abnormalities of cardiovascular metabolism. However, the relationship between the HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine the association between HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism in different age groups. METHODS: Data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan from 2007 to 2016. The HTGW phenotype was divided into four categories based on whether the waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride levels were normal. WC of <90 cm and triglyceride level of <150 mg/dL were defined as normal. Hypogonadism was defined as a testosterone level of <300 ng/dL. RESULTS: Overall, 6442 male participants were divided into three age groups: <50, 50-64, and ≥65 years (n = 4135, 1958, and 349; age groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The overall prevalence of hypogonadism was 10.6%. In group 1, participants with HTGW (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.354-2.896) had a higher risk of hypogonadism than those with normal WC and normal triglyceride levels after adjustment for body mass index and fasting blood glucose level. In group 2, participants with HTGW (odds ratio, 1.873; 95% CI, 1.099-3.193) had an increased risk of hypogonadism after adjustment for body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, Cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, low-density lipoprptein (LDL) levels and smoking status. However, no relationship was observed between HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism in group 3. CONCLUSION: HTGW phenotype was highly associated with hypogonadism in Taiwanese adult men. More attention should be paid to men aged <50 years with HTGW.

Prevalence and relationship of hypertriglyceridaemic-waist phenotype and type 2 diabetes mellitus among a rural adult Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: Limited information is available on the prevalence and effect of hypertriglyceridaemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural populations. DESIGN: In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of the HTGW phenotype and T2DM and the strength of their association among rural adults in China. SETTING: HTGW was defined as TAG >1·7 mmol/l and waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females. Logistic regression analysis yielded adjusted odds ratios (aOR) relating risk of T2DM with HTGW.ParticipantsAdults (n 12 345) aged 22·83-92·58 years were recruited from July to August of 2013 and July to August of 2014 from a rural area of Henan Province in China. RESULTS: The prevalence of HTGW and T2DM was 23·71 % (males: 15·35 %; females: 28·88 %) and 11·79 % (males: 11·15 %; females: 12·18 %), respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, physical activity and diabetic family history, the risk of T2DM (aOR; 95 % CI) was increased with HTGW (v. normal TAG and WC: 3·23; CI 2·53, 4·13; males: 3·37; 2·30, 4·92; females: 3·41; 2·39, 4·85). The risk of T2DM with BMI≥28·0 kg/m2, simple enlarged WC and simple disorders of lipid metabolism showed an increasing tendency (aOR=1·31, 1·75 and 2·32). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HTGW and T2DM has reached an alarming level among rural Chinese people, and HTGW is a significant risk factor for T2DM.

[Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: associated factors and comparison with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators in the ELSA-Brasil study]. / Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil.

This study's objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype in participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), identify associated risk factors, and compare with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators. This was a cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of public employees. HTW is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) (≥ 80cm for women, ≥ 90cm for men according to the International Diabetes Federation - IDF; and ≥ 88cm for women, ≥ 102cm for men according to the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP) and hypertriglyceridemia. Associations between independent variables and HTW were tested with multivariate logistic regression models. HTW was also compared to other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators by means of correlation tests, kappa index, sensitivity, and specificity. After exclusions, 12,811 participants were analyzed. Prevalence of HTW ranged from 24.7% (IDF) to 13.3% (NCEP). HTW was associated with age, excessive alcohol consumption, former smoking, low HDL, non-high HDL, and increased C-reactive protein, independently of gender or the criterion used to define HTW. HTW was associated with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome. The high prevalence of HTW and its association with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome, supports its use as a cardiometabolic risk screening tool in clinical practice.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar fatores de risco associados e comparar com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de servidores públicos. O FCH é definido pela presença simultânea de circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mulheres, ≥ 90cm para homens de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; e ≥ 88cm para mulheres, ≥ 102cm para homens de acordo com o Programa Nacional de Educação sobre o Colesterol dos Estados Unidos - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e FCH foi testada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multivariada. O FCH foi comparado também com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico por meio de testes de correlação, índice kappa, sensibilidade e especificidade. Após exclusões, foram analisados 12.811 participantes. A prevalência do FCH variou de 24,7% (IDF) a 13,3% (NCEP). FCH foi associado a ter idade mais avançada, ao consumo excessivo de álcool, ser ex-fumante, apresentar HDL baixo, não-HDL alto e PCR aumentado, independente do sexo ou critério de definição. FCH associou-se a indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente à síndrome metabólica. A elevada prevalência de FCH e sua associação com indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente com a síndrome metabólica, apoia sua utilização como ferramenta de triagem de risco cardiometabólico na prática clínica.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridémica (FCH), en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de la Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar factores de riesgo asociados, y compararlo con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de la línea de referencia de una cohorte de empleados públicos. El FCH se define por la presencia simultánea de circunferencia de la cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mujeres, ≥ 90cm para hombres de acuerdo con la Federación Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; y ≥ 88cm para mujeres, ≥ 102cm para hombres de acuerdo con el Programa National de Educación sobre el colesterol de los EE.UU. - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. La asociación entre las variables independientes y FCH fue probada mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariada. El FCH se comparó también con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico, mediante pruebas de correlación, índice kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Tras las exclusiones, se analizaron a 12.811 participantes. La prevalencia del FCH varió de un 24,7% (IDF) a un 13,3% (NCEP). El FCH se asoció a tener una edad más avanzada, al consumo excesivo de alcohol, ser ex-fumador, presentar HDL bajo, no-HDL alto y PCR aumentado, independiente del sexo o criterio de definición. FCH se asoció a indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente al síndrome metabólico. La elevada prevalencia de FHC y su asociación con indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con el síndrome metabólico, apoya su utilización como herramienta de clasificación de riesgo cardiometabólico en la práctica clínica.

Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil / Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: associated factors and comparison with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators in the ELSA-Brasil study / Fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridémica: factores asociados y comparación con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico en el ELSA-Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar fatores de risco associados e comparar com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de servidores públicos. O FCH é definido pela presença simultânea de circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mulheres, ≥ 90cm para homens de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; e ≥ 88cm para mulheres, ≥ 102cm para homens de acordo com o Programa Nacional de Educação sobre o Colesterol dos Estados Unidos - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e FCH foi testada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multivariada. O FCH foi comparado também com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico por meio de testes de correlação, índice kappa, sensibilidade e especificidade. Após exclusões, foram analisados 12.811 participantes. A prevalência do FCH variou de 24,7% (IDF) a 13,3% (NCEP). FCH foi associado a ter idade mais avançada, ao consumo excessivo de álcool, ser ex-fumante, apresentar HDL baixo, não-HDL alto e PCR aumentado, independente do sexo ou critério de definição. FCH associou-se a indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente à síndrome metabólica. A elevada prevalência de FCH e sua associação com indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente com a síndrome metabólica, apoia sua utilização como ferramenta de triagem de risco cardiometabólico na prática clínica.

This study's objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype in participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), identify associated risk factors, and compare with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators. This was a cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of public employees. HTW is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) (≥ 80cm for women, ≥ 90cm for men according to the International Diabetes Federation - IDF; and ≥ 88cm for women, ≥ 102cm for men according to the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP) and hypertriglyceridemia. Associations between independent variables and HTW were tested with multivariate logistic regression models. HTW was also compared to other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators by means of correlation tests, kappa index, sensitivity, and specificity. After exclusions, 12,811 participants were analyzed. Prevalence of HTW ranged from 24.7% (IDF) to 13.3% (NCEP). HTW was associated with age, excessive alcohol consumption, former smoking, low HDL, non-high HDL, and increased C-reactive protein, independently of gender or the criterion used to define HTW. HTW was associated with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome. The high prevalence of HTW and its association with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome, supports its use as a cardiometabolic risk screening tool in clinical practice.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridémica (FCH), en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de la Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar factores de riesgo asociados, y compararlo con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de la línea de referencia de una cohorte de empleados públicos. El FCH se define por la presencia simultánea de circunferencia de la cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mujeres, ≥ 90cm para hombres de acuerdo con la Federación Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; y ≥ 88cm para mujeres, ≥ 102cm para hombres de acuerdo con el Programa National de Educación sobre el colesterol de los EE.UU. - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. La asociación entre las variables independientes y FCH fue probada mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariada. El FCH se comparó también con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico, mediante pruebas de correlación, índice kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Tras las exclusiones, se analizaron a 12.811 participantes. La prevalencia del FCH varió de un 24,7% (IDF) a un 13,3% (NCEP). El FCH se asoció a tener una edad más avanzada, al consumo excesivo de alcohol, ser ex-fumador, presentar HDL bajo, no-HDL alto y PCR aumentado, independiente del sexo o criterio de definición. FCH se asoció a indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente al síndrome metabólico. La elevada prevalencia de FHC y su asociación con indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con el síndrome metabólico, apoya su utilización como herramienta de clasificación de riesgo cardiometabólico en la práctica clínica.

Cintura hipertrigliceridémica y enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico en pacientes hipertensos / Hypertriglyceridemic waist and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hypertensive patients

Introducción: la enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico y la cintura hipertrigliceridémica constituyen nuevos marcadores de enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Objetivos: caracterizar la cintura hipertrigliceridémica y la enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico como factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo en 131 pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Miguel Enríquez con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, desde julio-2015 hasta julio-2016. Se incluyeron las variables edad, sexo, tabaquismo, diabetes, índice de masa corporal, cintura hipertrigliceridémica, glucemia, colesterol total, años de evolución de la hipertensión, hipertensión mal controlada y enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico. Resultados: la tercera parte de los pacientes mostraron cintura hipertrigliceridémica e hígado graso no alcohólico. Los adultos hipertensos con cintura hipertrigliceridémica tienen una mayor probabilidad de obesidad, glucemia en ayunas elevada, así como mayor descontrol y tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión arterial. La cintura hipertrigliceridémica muestra una estrecha relación y un buen valor predictivo (sensibilidad del 86,1 por ciento y especificidad del 84,1 por ciento) para la identificación de hígado graso no alcohólico en adultos hipertensos. Conclusiones: la cintura hipertrigliceridémica posee un buen valor predictivo para la identificación de hígado graso no alcohólico en pacientes hipertensos y se relaciona con una mayor probabilidad de obesidad y disglucemias(AU)

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemic waist are new markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To characterize the hypertriglyceridemic waist and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as cardiometabolic risk factors in hypertensive patients. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 131 patients admitted to Miguel Enríquez Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension, from July 2015 to July 2016. The variables included were age, sex, smoking, diabetes, body mass index, hypertriglyceridemic waist, blood glucose, total cholesterol, years of hypertension evolution, poorly-controlled hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results: One third of the patients showed hypertriglyceridemic waist and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hypertensive adults with hypertriglyceridemic waist have a higher probability of obesity, elevated fasting glycaemia, as well as greater lack of control and natural history of hypertension. The hypertriglyceridemic waist shows a close relationship and a good predictive value (sensitivity of 86.1percent and specificity of 84.1percent for the identification of nonalcoholic fatty liver in hypertensive adults. Conclusions: The hypertriglyceridemic waist has a good predictive value for the identification of nonalcoholic fatty liver in hypertensive patients and is related to a greater probability of obesity and dysglycemia(AU)

Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype) and HDL-cholesterol in patients with heart failure / Cintura aumentada combinada a triglicerídeos elevados (fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica) e HDL-colesterol elevado em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The association of serum triglycerides plus waist circumference seems to be a good marker of cardiovascular risk and has been named the “hypertriglyceridemic waist” phenotype. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and HDL-cholesterol among patients with heart failure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: We included patients with heart failure aged > 40 years. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) was performed; body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated and lipid measurements (serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were collected. In men and women, respectively, waist circumference ≥ 94 cm and ≥ 80 cm, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl were considered abnormal and were used to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Analyses of covariance were used to evaluate possible associations between levels of HDL-cholesterol and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, according to sex. RESULTS: 112 participants were included, of whom 62.5% were men. The mean age was 61.8 ± 12.3 years and the mean ejection fraction was 40.1 ± 14.7%. Men and woman presented mean HDL-cholesterol of 40.5 ± 14.6 and 40.9 ± 12.7 mg/dl, respectively. The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 25%. There was a significant difference in mean HDL-cholesterol between men with and without the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (32.8 ± 14.2 versus 42.1 ± 13.7 mg/dl respectively; P = 0.04), even after adjustment for age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, use of statins and heart failure etiology. CONCLUSIONS: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is significantly associated with lower HDL-cholesterol levels in men with heart failure.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A associação de triglicerídeos séricos e circunferência da cintura parece ser um bom marcador de risco cardiovascular e é denominada fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre o fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e o HDL-colesterol em pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca com idade > 40 anos. Foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e do quadril) e calculados índice de massa corporal e relação cintura quadril, e foi avaliado o perfil lipídico (colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos séricos). Em homens e mulheres, respectivamente, circunferência da cintura ≥ 94 cm e ≥ 80 cm e triglicerídeos ≥ 150 mg/dl foram considerados anormais e usados para identificação do fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica. Análises de covariância foram usadas para avaliar possíveis associações entre níveis de ­HDL-colesterol e o fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica de acordo com o sexo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 112 participantes e 62,5% eram homens. A média de idade foi de 61,8 ± 12,3 anos e a fração de ejeção média foi 40,1 ± 14,7%. Homens e mulheres apresentaram médias de HDL-colesterol 40,5 ± 14,6 e 40,9 ± 12,7 mg/dl, respectivamente. A prevalência do fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica na amostra foi de 25%. Observou-se diferença significativa entre as médias de ­HDL-colesterol entre homens com e sem o fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (32,8 ±14,2 versus 42,1 ± 13,7 mg/dl, P = 0,04), mesmo após ajuste para idade, índice de massa corporal, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, uso de estatinas e etiologia da insuficiência cardíaca. CONCLUSÕES: O fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica está associado significativamente com menores níveis de HDL-colesterol em homens com insuficiência cardíaca.

Association of hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype with liver enzymes and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study / Associação do fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica com enzimas hepáticas e fatores de risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes: o estudo CASPIAN-III

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HW) phenotype in determining cardiometabolic risk factors and elevated liver enzymes in a national sample of Iranian pediatric population. Method This nationwide study was conducted in the framework of the third survey of a surveillance program. Students, aged 10-18 years, were recruited from 27 provinces in Iran. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was compared in students with and without HW and MetS. The association of HW with different cardiometabolic risk factors was determined. Results The mean age of studied population was 14.73 ± 2.41 years. Prevalence of HW and MetS was 3.3% and 4%, respectively. Sixty-nine (71.1%) participants with HW had MetS. The prevalence of obesity, elevated systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) was significantly higher in subjects with HW phenotype and MetS than in their peers (p < 0.05). A significant association was observed between HW and elevated levels of cholesterol and ALT, as well as between obesity and low HDL-C (p < 0.05). Conclusions The current findings serve as complementary evidence to previous studies, which have been mainly conducted among adults, suggesting that the HW phenotype is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially with elevated cholesterol and ALT. The authors propose that, in primary care settings and in large epidemiological studies, the measurement of all MetS components can be replaced by studying HW as a screening tool for identifying children at high risk for cardiometabolic disorders.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar o desempenho da síndrome metabólica (SM) e do fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CH) na determinação de fatores de risco cardiometabólico e enzimas hepáticas elevadas em uma amostra nacional da população pediátrica iraniana. Método Estudo nacional feito na estrutura da terceira pesquisa de um programa de vigilância. Foram recrutados alunos de 10-18 anos de 27 províncias do Irã. A prevalência de fatores de risco cardiometabólico foi comparada em alunos com e sem CH e SM. Foi determinada a associação da CH com diferentes fatores de risco cardiometabólico. Resultados A média de idade da população estudada foi de 14,73 ± 2,41 anos. A prevalência de CH e SM foi de 3,3% e 4%, respectivamente; 69 (71,1%) dos participantes com CH apresentaram SM. A prevalência de obesidade, pressão arterial sistólica elevada, hipercolesterolemia e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) elevada foi significativamente maior em meninos e meninas com fenótipo CH e SM do que em seus outros pares (p < 0,05). A associação de CH foi significativa com elevados níveis de colesterol e ALT, bem como obesidade e HDL-C baixo (p < 0,05). Conclusões Os achados atuais servem de evidência complementar de estudos anteriores, conduzidos principalmente com adultos, e sugerem que o fenótipo CH está associado a fatores de risco cardiometabólico, principalmente com colesterol e ALT altos. Propomos que, em ambientes de cuidados básicos e em grandes estudos epidemiológicas, a medição de todos os componentes de SM possa ser substituída pelo estudo da CH como ferramenta de triagem para identificar crianças com alto risco de apresentarem distúrbios cardiometabólicos.

Association of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in China.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To clarify the association of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present case-control study, we included 1,685 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 7,141 normal glucose-tolerant controls from the Henan Province of China in 2011. Elevated waist circumference (GW) was defined as ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. Hypertriglyceridemia (HT) was defined as >1.7 m mol/L triglycerides (TG) level. The association of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated by sex, body mass index, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. RESULTS: Cases and controls differed in age, waist circumference (WC), weight, TG level, fasting glucose, body mass index, smoking status, diabetic family history, physical activity and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (P < 0.05), but not alcohol drinking (P = 0.63). In the overall sample, as compared with the phenotype of normal TG level and normal WC (NTNW), normal TG level/enlarged WC (NTGW), elevated TG level/normal WC (HTNW) and elevated TG level/enlarged WC (HTGW) were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 4.14, 2.42 and 6.23, respectively). Only HTGW was consistently associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with or without adjustment. The strongest relationship between HTGW and type 2 diabetes mellitus was for subjects with body mass index <24.0 kg/m(2) (odds ratio 6.54, 95% confidence interval 4.22-10.14) after adjustment for cofounding variables. CONCLUSION: HTGW was stably and significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult Chinese.

A clinical study of patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype.

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of coronary lesions in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and determine the relation to risk factors. For this purpose, 105 patients with ≥ 50 % stenosis in one branch of coronary arteries as confirmed by coronary angiography were enrolled. Further, in this regard, 41 cases (i.e., case group) were complicated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, while 64 patients (i.e., control group) were not complicated with this phenotype. The data show that, as compared with control group, the patients in case group had higher coronary artery scores. The coronary lesions in case group were associated with waist triglycerides index and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; partial regression coefficients were 0.774 (P < 0.001) and 0.250 (P = 0.001), respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the patients with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype had a worse coronary heart disease condition, whereas waist triglycerides index and TNF-α related closely to the severity of coronary lesions.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist and newly-diagnosed diabetes among remote-dwelling Indigenous Australians.

AIMS: Hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTgW) is predictive of cardiovascular disease. The HTgW relationship with diabetes is little studied. METHODS: This study analysed data from diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor screening programmes in remote Indigenous Australian settlements. Elevated waist girth (EW) was defined as ≥90 cm for men (n = 1134) or ≥80 cm for women (n = 1313). Hypertriglyceridemia (ETg) was defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L. Body mass index (BMI) was categorised as <22, 22-24.9 and >25.0 kg/m(2). Logistic regression was used to analyse the odds of newly-diagnosed diabetes for individuals with either HTgW, ETg or EW, relative to individuals with values below cut-offs. RESULTS: The prevalence of HTgW was 33.2% for men and 34.8% for women. Accounting for age-group and gender, newly-diagnosed diabetes was associated (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval)) with HTgW: 9.6 (6.6, 13.8). The relationship remained strong after accounting for the covariates BMI and smoking (OR = 4.9 (2.7, 8.8)). In BMI-stratified analyses the strongest odds were observed for the lowest category (<22 kg/m(2): OR = 12.9 (4.0, 41.7)). CONCLUSIONS: HTgW has a high prevalence and is associated with newly-diagnosed diabetes in Indigenous people, particularly those with BMI <22 kg/m(2), whom clinicians might not normally consider for screening.