Lesões cervicais não cariosas: uma abordagem no controle da dor e tratamento

Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de hipersensibilidade severa associada a múltiplas lesões cervicais não cariosas, entender o mecanismo de ação e a eficácia dos agentes dessensibilizantes. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero masculino, 38 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica da Faculdade Morgana Potrich com um quadro de hipersensibilidade em vários elementos, bem como, a presença de lesão cervical não cariosa em alguns desses elementos. Durante a anamnese o paciente relatou o hábito de escovar os dentes várias vezes ao dia logo após se alimentar, exercendo muita força durante o ato, relatou também fazer consumo diário de cerveja que possui um pH ácido. Ao realizar análise da oclusão notou-se um desequilíbrio oclusal e contato prematuro nos dentes 24 e 34. O tratamento de escolha para esse caso foi o ajuste oclusal seguido do uso de dessensibilizantes e restaurações em resina composta nos dentes que havia a presença de lesões cervicais não cariosas com perda de estrutura dentária. Considerações finais: após esse tratamento, realizado em várias sessões, foi possível devolver ao paciente a função e eliminar a dor provocada pela hipersensibilidade, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida para esse paciente.

Objective: This study aims to report a clinical case of severe hypersensitivity associated with multiple non-carious cervical lesions and to understand the mechanism of action and the efficacy of desensitizing agents. Case report: A 38-year-old male patient attended the clinic at Faculdade Morgana Potrich with the hypersensitivity of several elements and the presence of non-carious cervical lesion in some of these elements. During anamnesis, the patient reported the habit of toothbrushing several times a day soon after eating, exerting a lot of force in such activity; he also reported the daily consumption of beer, which has an acidic pH. The occlusal analysis showed occlusal disorder and premature contact in teeth 24 and 34. The treatment of choice for this case was the occlusal adjustment followed by the use of desensitizers and composite resin restorations on the teeth with non-carious cervical lesions with loss of dental structure. Final considerations: After this treatment, which was performed in several sessions, it was possible to return function to the patient and eliminate the pain caused by hypersensitivity, providing a better quality of life for this patient.(au)

Lesiones cervicales no cariosas / Non-carious cervical lesions

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en describir las distintas lesiones cervicales no cariosas, la abrasión, la erosión y la abfracción. Se desarrollarán en detalle su etiología, localización y características clínicas. Se mencionarán los diferentes procedimientos a realizar para su prevención y los materiales a utilizar para su restauración.

This article describes the different types of non-cariouscervical lesions, for example abrasion, erosionand abfraction. We will discuss their etiology, location and clinical features in detail. We will describe the procedures to prevent them, aswell as the materials used for their restoration.

The clinical meaning of external cervical resorption in maxillary canine: transoperative dental trauma

External Cervical Resorption in maxillary canines with pulp vitality is frequently associated with dental trauma resulting from surgical procedures carried out to prepare the teeth for further orthodontic traction. Preparation procedures might surgically manipulate the cementoenamel junction or cause luxation of teeth due to applying excessive force or movement tests beyond the tolerance limits of periodontal ligament and cervical tissue structures. Dentin exposure at the cementoenamel junction triggers External Cervical Resorption as a result of inflammation followed by antigen recognition of dentin proteins. External Cervical Resorption is painless, does not induce pulpitis and develops slowly. The lesion is generally associated with and covered by gingival soft tissues which disguise normal clinical aspects, thereby leading to late diagnosis when the process is near pulp threshold. Endodontic treatment is recommended only if surgical procedures are rendered necessary in the pulp space; otherwise, External Cervical Resorption should be treated by conservative means: protecting the dental pulp and restoring function and esthetics of teeth whose pulp will remain in normal conditions. Unfortunately, there is a lack of well-grounded research evincing how often External Cervical Resorption associated with canines subjected to orthodontic traction occurs.

A reabsorção cervical externa em caninos superiores com vitalidade pulpar em sua quase totalidade está associada a traumatismo dentário decorrente de procedimentos cirúrgicos associado à preparação desse dente para ser tracionado ortodonticamente. Nessa preparação pode se manipular cirurgicamente a junção amelocementária ou luxar o dente com forças excessivas ou com testes de movimentação além dos limites de tolerância estrutural do ligamento periodontal e tecidos cervicais. A exposição dentinária na junção amelocementária é o estopim para se iniciar uma reabsorção cervical externa a partir de uma inflamação induzida na região seguida de reconhecimento antigênico das proteínas dentinárias. A reabsorção cervical externa é indolor, não induz pulpites e tem uma evolução lenta. Em geral, a lesão está associada e recoberta por tecidos moles gengivais que mantêm, por longos períodos, os aspectos clínicos normais, induzindo diagnósticos tardios, quando o processo se aproxima dos limites pulpares. O tratamento endodôntico está indicado apenas em função de procedimentos operatórios que se fazem necessários no espaço pulpar; caso contrário, a reabsorção cervical externa deve ser tratada de forma conservadora, protegendo a polpa dentária e restaurando a função e estética do dente que permanecerá com sua polpa normal. Infelizmente, não sabemos, com base em pesquisas de casuísticas bem estabelecidas, qual é a frequência da reabsorção cervical externa associada a caninos ortodonticamente tracionados.

Simplificando la adhesión con un sistema adhesivo universal: reporte de casos / Clinical application of a new universal adhesive system: case reports

Los sistemas adhesivos tienden a ser cada vez más simplificados y versátiles. Hasta el presente, el clínico todavía debe elegir entre adhesivos autoacondicionantes o convencionales. Objetivo: mostrar la aplicación clínica de un nuevo sistema adhesivo considerado universal, debido a que puede ser usado como adhesivo autoacondicionante o como uno convencional. Caso clínico: fueron realizadas restauraciones cervicales en lesiones no cariosas con varias posibilidades de utilización de un nuevo adhesivo (Scotchbond(TM) Universal, 3M Espe), aplicando el ácido fosfórico en toda la cavidad y dejando la dentina seca o húmeda, o aplicando el ácido fosfórico solamente en el esmalte, o aplicando sólo el adhesivo sin grabado previo con ácido fosfórico. Después de restaurar con resina compuesta, todos los casos fueron evaluados clínicamente en el inicio del tratamiento y a los 6 meses. Conclusión: los resultados demostraron un excelente desempeño clínico de este nuevo sistema adhesivo, utilizado con cualquiera de las distintas técnicas clínicas propuestas. No obstante, deben realizarse estudios de larga duración en un mayor número de casos clínicos, a fin de comprobar los resultados aquí presentados

Resistencia al desgaste de materiales estéticos para la restauración de lesiones cervicales / Wear resistance of esthetic materials for the restoration of cervical lesions

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia al desgaste de seis materiales restauradoresestéticos, utilizando como abrasivo una pasta dentífrica a base de bicarbonato de sodio y un dispositivo ad hoc con cepillos dentales, simulando una situación clínica, para considerar su utilización en restauraciones de lesiones cervicales por abrasión. Se confeccionaron 10 probetas (n =60) de cada material, quedando conformados los siguientes grupos: F (F2000/3M ESPE); A (A110/3M ESPE); DY (Dyract Flow/Dentsply); T (Tetric Ceram/Vivadent); PH (Photac Fil/ 3M ESPE) y PF (Perma Flo/Ultradent). Se registró la masa inicial para cada espécimen (PI) previamente al ensayo experimental; posteriormente las probetas fueron pesadas nuevamente para determinar la masa final (PF) a los 7, 30 y 60 días. De la diferencia entre los valores registrados (PI/PF), en losdiferentes períodos de tiempo, se dedujo la pérdida total de masa para cada material. El mayor desgaste lo presentó el ionómero vítreo híbrido con diferencias significativas con respecto a los otros materiales y sólo a los siete días.

Abfraction lesions reviewed: current concepts / Uma revisão sobre lesões de abfração: conceitos atuais

Non-carious cervical lesions are characterized by structural loss near the cementoenamel junction, without the presence of caries. A number of theories have arisen to explain the etiology of such lesions, although the real causes remain obscure, as is reflected by the contradictory terminology used in the literature. In addition to describing acidic and abrasive processes documented as etiological factors, attention is given to the role of mechanical stress from occlusal load, which is the most accepted theory for the development of abfraction lesions. Considering that tensile stress leads to the failure of restorations in the cervical region and that this is a fruitful area for future research, the present study has highlighted diagnosis, prognosis and the criteria for treatment.

As lesões cervicais não cariosas são caracterizadas pela perda de estrutura próxima à junção cemento-esmalte sem a presença de cárie. Algumas teorias têm surgido para tentar explicar a etiologia dessas lesões, embora as causas verdadeiras permaneçam obscura devido à terminologia contraditória na literatura. Apesar dos processos abrasivos e erosivos serem apontados como fatores etiológicos, atenção é dada ao papel da força biomecânica das cargas oclusais que é a teoria mais aceita para o desenvolvimento das lesões de abfração. Ao considerar que falhas de restauração podem ocorrer por tensões de tração e que constituem área promissora para pesquisas futuras, o presente trabalho demonstra os conceitos atuais sobre diagnóstico, prognóstico e critérios para o tratamento.

Survival of 534 incisors after intra-alveolar root fracture in patients aged 7-17 years.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and assess the survival rate of 534 root fractured teeth, including factors that may affect the survival rate but were not included in previous long-term studies. Location of fracture was registered as in the cervical, cervical/middle, middle and apical one-third of the root, and root development was categorized into five stages. Altogether, 383 (78%) showed healing of the fracture, with either formation of hard tissue or interposition of soft tissue between the fragments. In these teeth, no significant difference was found between positions in the root or types of healing. In 325 teeth, the healing remained unchanged throughout the control period, while 58 teeth showed a posthealing complication. A new injury occurred in 47 teeth; in 21 of these, the injury healed spontaneously, in four after endodontic treatment. Increased mobility of the coronal fragment was recorded for 32 teeth, and in 11 of these, the looseness of the fragment was so pronounced that the teeth had to be extracted. No healing, i.e. radiolucency in the alveolar bone, adjacent to fracture, took place in 109 teeth (22%). Of these teeth, 34 were extracted during the observation time while 75 (69%) showed healing after endodontic therapy. At the final assessment of survival (including all parameters) of 534 root fractured teeth, 425 (80%) showed survival and 109 (20%) were extracted during the observation period. It was concluded that the survival of root-fractured teeth was high for up to 10 years of observation (mean = 63 months). The highest frequency of tooth loss (70%) was found in 77 teeth with horizontal fractures restricted to the cervical part of the root. When these teeth were excluded, the frequency of survival in remaining teeth rose to 88%.

The effect of a blast on the mandible and teeth: transverse fractures and their management.

Transverse mandibular fractures caused by blast waves have given us a better understanding of the physical and pathophysiological effects on this anatomical region. The external contour of the mandible, being rounded in parts (en face) and flat in others (lateral) will experience different effects of the blast. Impact of a spherical blast wave will inflict transverse lines of fractures on the mandibular body, and may be associated with transverse shearing of teeth at the cementoenamel junction. Fractures of the mandible caused by blast are different from those in the same region caused by any type of civilian trauma; these are the vertical to the longitudinal axis unlike comminuted fractures caused by shrapnel or bullet injuries. Fractures of the mandibular body by blasts are single or multiple parallel fractures in the lower border, between the apices of the roots and the mandibular lower border. Fractures are broken off by acceleration or deceleration of the blast wave.

Clinical management and subsequent healing of teeth with horizontal root fractures.

Horizontal root fractures are uncommon, mainly occurring on the cervical and middle third of the root of permanent upper incisors. The diagnosis is essentially radiographic and requires different healing patterns, depending on some pre- and postinjury factors. The aim of this article was to report the clinical management and different healing types in three cases of horizontal root fractures on permanent dentition. In case 1, the pulp tissue was vital and no treatment was necessary. In case 2, a root canal treatment of the cervical fragment was necessary and in case 3, pulpal necrosis was verified and an apical surgery was performed.

Management of cervical root fracture using orthodontic extrusion and crown reattachment: a case report.

Root fractures involve damage to pulp, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligaments. These injuries affect 0.5% to 7% of permanent teeth. Cervical root fractures are less frequently seen and have a worse prognosis compared with the fractures in the apical or middle third of the root. This case report describes the treatment of a cervical root fracture in a maxillary central incisor. After removal of the coronal fragment, the root was filled temporarily with calcium hydroxide and orthodontic extrusion was initiated. The remaining root portion was elevated above the epithelial attachment and a successful coronal restoration was made using the natural crown of the traumatized tooth.

Abfracción. La lección dental del futuro. Parte I: etiopatogenia y características clínicas / Abfraction. The dental lesion of the future. Part I: etiopathogenesis and clinical features

Se denomina abfracción a la lesión en forma de cuña en el límite amelocementario (LAC) causada por fuerzas oclusales excéntricas que llevan a la flexión dental provocando la ruptura de prismas de esmalte, cemento y dentina. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) comprender los mecanismos que generan la abfracción, su etiología, desarrollo y patología generada; 2) cuáles trabajos de investigación fundamentan la etiopatogenia de estas lesiones; 3) describir las características clínica; 4) valorar la abfracción y su importancia en el futuro como lesión en las próximas generaciones; 5) establecer las situaciones en que estas lesiones cervicales deben ser restauradas.

Reestablishing biologic width with forced eruption.

Maintenance of gingival health is one of the keys for the longevity of teeth, as well as for the longevity of restorations. In this context, the biologic width functions as a barrier against the entrance of microorganisms into the internal medium of the periodontal ligament and into the gingival and osseous connective tissue. This clinical case describes a technique to reestablish the biologic width of a central incisor using forced extrusion and done without post-treatment corrective surgery.

Lesiones del tercio gingival. Etiología y clínica / Lesions of the gingival third. Etiology and clinics

Se nos abre en la actualidad un extenso abanico de posibilidades en la selección de un material restaurador para las lesiones del tercio gingival (clase 5). En este trabajo, se exploran las distintas etiologías que dan origen a este tipo de lesiones, los factores a tener en cuenta durante su diagnóstico y la selección del material para su tratamiento

Lesiones dentarias cervicales inducidas por oclusión traumática / Cervical dental lesions induced by traumatic occlusion

Varios estudios sustentan la teoría de que la concentración de tensión en el área cervical de los dientes es responsable no sólo del desarrollo de lesiones cervicales sino también de fallas en la retención de las restauraciones. Este artículo pretende establecer una terminología apropiada para las diferentes lesiones dentarias cervicales no cariosas y describir las que están relacionadas con el trauma oclusal