Hobbies, Distractions, Obsessions, and Addictions.

A career in cardiothoracic surgery takes a psychological and emotional toll, which is likely increased by recent changes in our health care environment. The benefits of leisure pursuits are severalfold, one of which includes supporting physician wellness. However, we are at risk of relying on unhealthy mechanisms to provide relief. The incidence of addiction and substance abuse is high, particularly among women surgeons. There are a variety of opportunities to help ourselves and support our colleagues. We need to promote healthy activities outside of our profession for the long-term well-being of cardiothoracic surgeons and our specialty.

Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults

Abstract Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans ( M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety ( p = .003), depression ( p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession ( p = .032) were significant ( χ 2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R 2 = .242) and predict a 24.2% chance of dysfunctional bereavement.

Prevenção do suicídio: esquecimento do ser e era da técnica / Suicide prevention: forgetfulness of being and technical era / Prevención del suicidio: olvido del ser y la era de la técnica

Martin Heidegger, em sua ontologia, destaca uma característica específica da atualidade que atravessa o comportamento humano, na filosofia, na ciência ou no senso comum: o esquecimento do ser. O filósofo diferencia a época atual das demais épocas históricas. O horizonte histórico contemporâneo se desvela por meio do desafio e da exploração, da tentativa de controle e domínio dos acontecimentos, ao modo da disponibilidade e em função da produtividade. O filósofo esclarece que todo esse desenraizamento do homem atual está atrelado ao esquecimento daquilo que é o mais essencial, qual seja, a existência. A questão que norteia este estudo é apurar, por meio das referências de Heidegger e dos estudos sobre suicídio, o quanto a interpretação da morte voluntária nos dias atuais está atravessada por tal esquecimento. Pretendemos investigar o quanto as ações de prevenção desenvolvidas pela suicidologia se encontram atravessadas por tal esquecimento do ser do homem e, dessa forma, acabam por estabelecer relações entre ser e ente em uma consequente redução ao ente como invariante e atemporal. O caminho para investigar a questão iniciará por abordar, em maiores detalhes, a analítica existencial, a questão da técnica e o movimento de esquecimento do ser apontados por Heidegger a fim de problematizar as perspectivas científicas atuais sobre o suicídio em sua prevenção para, então, estabelecer uma compreensão fenomenológica e existencial sobre o referido fenômeno.(AU)

Martin Heidegger, in his ontology, highlights a specific characteristic of the present moment that crosses human behavior, in philosophy, science, or common sense: the forgetfulness of being. The philosopher differentiates the current age from other historical ages. The contemporary historical horizon is unveiled by the challenge and the exploration, from the attempt to control and dominate events, to the mode of standing reserve and in terms of productivity. The philosopher clarifies that all this uprooting of the current man is linked to the forgetfulness of what is the most essential, namely, the existence itself. The question that guides this study is to investigate, via Heidegger's references and studies on suicide, to what extent the interpretation of voluntary death today is crossed by such forgetfulness. We intend to investigate to what extent the prevention actions developed by suicidology are crossed by such forgetfulness of the human's being and, in this way, they end up establishing relationships between being and entity in a consequent reduction to entity as an invariant and timeless. The path to investigate the issue will start by addressing, in greater detail, the existential analytics, the question concerning technique and the movement of forgetting the being pointed out by Heidegger to problematize the current scientific perspectives on suicide and its prevention to, then, propose a phenomenological and existential understanding about the referred phenomenon.(AU)

Martin Heidegger en su ontología destaca una característica específica del presente que atraviesa el comportamiento humano, ya sea en la filosofía, la ciencia o el sentido común: el olvido del ser. El filósofo diferencia la época actual de otras épocas históricas. El horizonte histórico contemporáneo se devela el desafío y la exploración, el intento de controlar y dominar los eventos, en la modalidad de disponibilidad y en términos de productividad. Y así aclara que todo este desarraigo del hombre actual está involucrado en el olvido de lo más esencial, que es la existencia misma. A partir de las referencias a Heidegger y de los estudios sobre el suicidio, este estudio busca saber hasta qué punto la interpretación de la muerte voluntaria hoy está atravesada por este olvido. Pretendemos investigar en qué medida las acciones de prevención desarrolladas por la suicidología se encuentran atravesadas por el olvido del ser del hombre y, de esta manera, terminan por establecer relaciones entre el ser y el ente, en una consecuente reducción al ente como invariante y atemporal. Para investigar el tema se abordará inicialmente, con mayor detalle, la analítica existencial, la cuestión de la técnica y el movimiento del olvido del ser señalado por Heidegger para problematizar las perspectivas científicas actuales sobre el suicidio y su prevención y, luego, proponer una comprensión fenomenológica y existencial sobre el referido fenómeno.(AU)

Relación entre síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores víctimas de violencia familiar / Relationship between Psychopathological Symptoms and Family Functioning in Older Adults Victims of Family Violence

Introducción: Las familias son un soporte social importante para el bienestar de sus miembros, sobre todo los adultos mayores, quienes resultan vulnerables al maltrato intrafamiliar que pueden afectar su calidad de vida y generar síntomas psicopatológicos; sin embargo, existe poca evidencia científica de esta relación. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores, víctimas de violencia familiar. Métodos: Estudio transversal, correlacional, en hospital distrital de La Esperanza, Trujillo, Perú, entre junio-octubre 2019. Población 170 adultos mayores asistidos en consulta psicológica, muestra por conveniencia de 151 adultos mayores: 84 víctimas y 67 no víctimas de maltrato. Los instrumentos empleados fueron cuestionario SCL-90 y APGAR familiar. Se procesaron los datos con el Coeficiente de correlaciones de Spearman, la fórmula de transformación de Rupinski y Dunlap y la q de Cohen. Resultados: El funcionamiento familiar tiene relación inversa con la somatización y depresión, en víctimas (r = -0,481; -0,536) y no víctimas de violencia familiar (r = -0,329; -0,387); las víctimas presentaron relaciones negativas del funcionamiento familiar con la obsesión-compulsión (r = -0,336), sensibilidad interpersonal (r = -0,314), ansiedad (r = -0,355), hostilidad (r = -0,435) e ideación paranoide (r = -0,511); la proporción de las diferencias entre las correlaciones de muestras arrojan un tamaño de efecto grande entre funcionamiento familiar e ideación paranoide y mediano entre hostilidad y funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre los síntomas psicopatológicos y funcionamiento familiar en adultos mayores víctimas y no víctimas de violencia familiar, con diferencias entre correlaciones de ambas muestras en la relación del funcionamiento familiar con la hostilidad y la ideación paranoide(AU)

Introduction: Families are an important social support for the welfare of their members, especially older adults, who are vulnerable to familial mistreatment, which can affect their quality of life and produce psychopathological symptoms; however, there is little scientific evidence about this relationship. Objective: To analyze the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and family functioning in older adults who are victims of family violence. Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study carried out in La Esperanza district hospital, in Trujillo, Peru, between June and October 2019. The population was made up of 170 older adults attended in the psychological consultation. A convenience sample of 151 older adults was chosen: 84 victims and 67 non-victims of mistreatment. The instruments used were the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Apgar-family questionnaires. Data were processed with Spearman's coefficient of correlation, Rupinski and Dunlap's transformation formula, and Cohen's q. Results: Family functioning showed inverse relationships with somatization and depression in victims (r=-0.481; -0.536) and non-victims of family violence (r=-0.329; -0.387). Victims presented negative relationships of family functioning with obsession-compulsion (r=-0.336), interpersonal sensitivity (r=-0.314), anxiety (r=-0.355), hostility (r=-0.435) and paranoid ideation (r=-0.511). The proportion of differences between sample correlations yielded a large effect size between family functioning and paranoid ideation, while it is average between hostility and family functioning. Conclusions: There is correlation between psychopathological symptoms and family functioning in older adult who are victims and non-victims of family violence, with differences between correlations of both samples in the relationship of family functioning with hostility and paranoid ideation, respectively(AU)

Ortorexia nervosa, comer intuitivo e comer positivo em nutricionistas, gastrólogos e população geral / Orthorexia nervosa, intuitive eating and positive eating in dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and general population

Introdução - Ortorexia nervosa (ON) é um comportamento obsessivo de fixação pela "alimentação saudável", e alguns trabalhos apontam nutricionistas como um grupo vulnerável, mas não há a comparação dos comportamentos entre nutricionistas e outro grupo profissional que também trabalha com foco em alimentação; e a relação entre ON com aspectos intuitivos e positivos da alimentação ainda é pouco explorada. Objetivo - Comparar o comportamento de ON, comer intuitivo (CI) e comer positivo (CP) entre nutricionistas, gastrólogos e outras profissões; e avaliar a relação entre estes comportamentos e outros fatores. Métodos - Profissionais das áreas de Nutrição (n = 388), Gastronomia (n = 99) e outras profissões (n = 101), responderam à pesquisa on-line, contendo perguntas sociodemográficas, a Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Questionário de comportamento de risco para Transtornos Alimentares, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) ou Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). As propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos foram previamente avaliadas por análise fatorial confirmatória, segundo parâmetros vigentes. Os escores das escalas TOS, IES-2 e PES foram comparados entre os grupos por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de correlação de Spearman foi realizado entre ON, CI e CP. Um modelo de análise de caminhos foi desenvolvido e testado para a amostra feminina (n = 536), para avaliar quais os fatores associados com o comportamento de ON. Resultados - A correlação entre ON e CI foi média e negativa, assim como para ON e CP (p < 0,001) para amostra total. Nutricionistas apresentaram menor pontuação para ON e maior para CI e CP, comparada com os demais grupos (p < 0,001), mas a análise de caminhos identificou que a profissão não explicou a variância dos achados para ON, e sim: preocupação com a forma corporal (ß = 0,450; p < 0,001), o comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (ß = 0,110; p = 0,004), o vegetarianismo (ß = 0,070; p = 0,045) e a idade (ß = 0,081; p < 0,007), que foram positivamente associados com ON, e o comer positivo foi negativamente associado (ß = -0,100; p < 0,001). Conclusão - Encontrou-se relação negativa da ON com CI e CP na amostra como um todo. Mas, apesar de nutricionistas apresentarem menor pontuação para ON e maior para CP e CI, em relação aos demais grupos, os resultados do modelo de análise de caminhos para a amostra feminina não confirmaram que a profissão esteve associada a comportamentos de ON - e sim especialmente preocupação com a forma corporal, comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e comer menos positivo.

Introduction - Orthorexia nervosa (ON) it is an obsessive behavior of fixation on "healthy eating", and some studies point to dietitians as a vulnerable group, but there is no comparison of behaviors between dietitians and another professional group that also works with a focus on food, and the relationship between ON with aspects intuitive and positive aspects of eating is still little explored. Aim - Compare the behavior of ON, intuitive eating (CI) and positive eating (CP) among dietitians, graduates in Gastronomy and other professions, and to evaluate the relationship between these behaviors and other factors. Methods - Professionals from the areas of Nutrition (n = 388), Gastronomy (n = 99) and other professions (n = 101), answered the online survey, containing sociodemographic questions, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), Positive Eating Scale (PES), Risk Behavior Questionnaire for Eating Disorders, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B) or the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The psychometric properties of the instruments were previously evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis, according to current parameters. The scores of the TOS, IES-2 and PES scales were compared between the professional groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation was used to the correlations between ON, CI and CP. A path analysis model was developed and tested for the female sample (n = 536), to assess which factors were associated with ON behavior. Results - The correlation between ON and CI was moderate and negative, as well as for ON and CP (p < 0.001) for the total sample. Dietitians had a lower score for ON and a higher score for IC and CP, compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), but the path analysis identified that the profession did not explain the variance of the findings for ON, but: body shape concern (ß = 0.450; p < 0.001), vegetarianism (ß = 0.070; p = 0.045), risk behavior for eating disorders (ß = 0.110; p = 0.004) and age (ß = 0.081; p < 0.007) , which were positively associated with ON, and positive eating was negatively associated (ß = -0.100; p < 0.001). Conclusion - The expected negative relationship between ON and CI and CP in the sample was confirmed. But, although dietitians had lower scores for ON and higher scores for CP and CI, in relation to the other groups, the results of the structural model for the female sample did not confirm that the profession was associated with ON behavior but especially body shape concern, risk behavior for eating disorders and less positive eating.

Mental health of Brazilian university students during the Covid-19 / Saúde mental dos estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / Salud mental de estudiantes universitarios brasileños durante la pandemia Covid-19

This study aimed to investigate the effects of positive and negative affects, anxiety, and obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors on Brazilian university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Participated in this study 492 students, aged 18 years or over, from all regions of the country. The survey was conducted between April and May 2020, using self-report instruments applied in the online format. The results indicated that 37% (N=182) of the students had a high level of anxiety and 46.1% (N=227) moderate levels for obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors. In addition, it was found that positive affects were negatively correlated with anxiety, as well as with obsessive and compulsive thoughts and behaviors, while negative affects were positively correlated with independent variables. It is concluded that the mental health of university students must be monitored during pandemics.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos dos afetos positivos e negativos, da ansiedade e dos pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos nos estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Participaram deste estudo 492 estudantes de todas as regiões do país e com idades a partir de 18 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de abril e maio de 2020, por meio de instrumentos de autorrelatos aplicados no formato on-line. Os resultados indicaram que 37% (N = 182) dos estudantes apresentaram alto nível de ansiedade e 46,1% (N = 227) níveis moderados para os pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos. Além disso, verificou-se que os afetos positivos se relacionaram negativamente à ansiedade, assim como se relacionaram negativamente aos pensamentos e comportamentos obsessivos e compulsivos, enquanto os afetos negativos se relacionaram positivamente às variáveis independentes. Conclui-se que a saúde mental dos estudantes universitários deve ser monitorada durante pandemias.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los afectos positivos y negativos, la ansiedad y los pensamientos y comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos en estudiantes universitarios brasileños durante la pandemia de Covid-19. En este estudio participaron 492 estudiantes de todas las regiones del país y mayores de 18 años. La encuesta se realizó entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2020, utilizando instrumentos se autoinforme aplicados en formato online. Los resultados indicaron que el 37% (N = 182) de los estudiantes tenían niveles altos de ansiedad y el 46,1% (N = 227) niveles moderados de pensamientos y comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos. Además, se encontró que los afectos positivos se correlacionaron negativamente con la ansiedad, así como el pensamiento y el comportamiento obsesivo y compulsivo se correlacionaron negativamente, mientras que los afectos negativos se correlacionaron positivamente con variables independientes. Se concluye que la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios debe ser monitoreada durante las pandemias.

Orthorexia, muscle dysmorphia and exercise addiction: comparison between amateur running, fitness functional and bodybuilding athletes / Ortorexia, dismorfia muscular e dependência ao exercício: comparação entre atletas amadores de corrida de rua, functional fitness e bodybuilding

This study aimed to compare the degree of exercise addiction (EA), muscle dysmorphia and signs of orthorexia according to the type of exercise, age, practice time and weekly training frequency. It was a cross-sectional study with 159 (running = 38, Fitness Functional = 85 and bodybuilding = 35), amateur athletes of both sexes, aged over 18 years and with at least 3 months of practice in the exercise. The following instruments were used: Dedication to Exercise Scale, Ortho15 and Complex in Adonis Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using age as a covariate (p<0.05). The main finding of the present investigation was that individuals who practiced exercise more than 5 times per week presented higher total score of EA, muscle dysmorphia and orthorexia (p<0.05). However, no differences were observed in the total score of EA between sex and type of exercise. It can be concluded that recreational athletes who exercise more than five times per week showed higher EA, orthorexia and muscle dysmorphia. (AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o grau de dependência de exercícios (DE), dismorfia muscular e sinais de ortorexia de acordo com o tipo de exercício, idade, tempo de prática e frequência semanal de treinamento. Foi um estudo transversal com 159 (corredores = 38, fitness funcional = 85 e musculação = 35), atletas amadores de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos e com pelo menos 3 meses de prática no exercício. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Dedicação ao Exercício, Questionário Orto-15 e o Questionário de Complexo em Adônis. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), utilizando a idade como covariável (p<0,05). O principal achado da presente investigação foi que indivíduos que praticavam exercícios mais de 5 vezes por semana apresentaram maior pontuação total de IA, dismorfia muscular e ortorexia (p<0,05). No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças no escore total da DE entre sexo e tipo de exercício. Pode-se concluir que atletas recreativos que se exercitam mais de cinco vezes por semana apresentaram maior DE, ortorexia e dismorfia muscular. (AU)

Pensamento fanático: 1984/2020 / Phantastic thinking: 1984/2020 / Pensamiento fanático: 1984/2020

O presente trabalho propõe o estudo de alguns aspectos relacionados aos preconceitos e ao pensamento fanático, partindo da descrição do "duplipensar" feita por George Orwell em seu livro 1984. Assim, o trabalho se detém no vértice que estuda esses fenômenos do ponto de vista de distúrbios nos processos de pensamento, destacando a dificuldade em estabelecer causas específicas. A importância dos fatores sócio-culturais é discutida, na medida em que não existimos isoladamente. Da mesma forma, a presença desses fenômenos nas instituições psicanalíticas também é abordada, concluindo com alguns tópicos para futuras discussões sobre o tema (AU)

This work proposes to study some aspects related to prejudices and fanatical thinking, having as a starting point the description of "doublethinking" made by George Orwell in his book 1984. The essay therefore focuses on the authors that study these phenomena from the point of view of abnormalities in the thought processes, highlighting the difficulty in establishing specific causes. The importance of socio-cultural factors is discussed, as we do not exist in isolation. Likewise, the presence of these phenomena in psychoanalytic institutions is also addressed, concluding with some topics for future discussions (AU)

El presente trabajo propone el estudio de algunos aspectos relacionados con los prejuicios y el pensamiento fanático, a partir de la descripción del doblepensar hecha por George Orwell en su libro 1984. Así, el trabajo se detiene en el vértice que estudia estos fenómenos desde el punto de vista de las perturbaciones en los procesos de pensamiento, destacando la dificultad para establecer causas específicas. Se discute la importancia de los factores socioculturales, ya que no existimos de forma aislada. Asimismo, se aborda también la presencia de estos fenómenos en las instituciones psicoanalíticas, concluyendo con algunos temas para futuras discusiones sobre la cuestión (AU)

Examining the correlation between symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder in a community-based sample of adults.

We examined the association between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms among a community-based sample of adults (n = 217) that completed an OCD and ASD screening instrument. Approximately 39% of the sample that met the ASD screener cutoff criteria also met the screener cutoff criteria for OCD. The correlation between overall OCD symptoms (i.e., obsessions and compulsions) and ASD symptoms was small but statistically significant for the entire sample of participants. Similarly, obsession and compulsion subscales showed almost identical results for correlation with ASD symptoms (i.e., small but statistically significant) for the entire sample. These results suggest that levels of compulsions and obsessions are equally correlated with ASD symptoms, and neither elevated compulsions nor obsessions differentially predicted the severity of ASD symptoms in a community-based sample of adults. However, when the analysis was restricted to only the participants that met screening criteria cutoff score for ASD, statistically significant results occurred with only elevated compulsions accurately predicting severity of ASD symptoms. These results suggest that compulsive behavior appears to be a good candidate for targeting intervention resources for individuals with characteristics of ASD given the mounting data suggesting that compulsions are more common than obsessions.

Temporal association of contamination obsession on the prehospital delay of STEMI during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: One of the modifiable risk factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction is prehospital delay. The purpose of our study was to look at the effect of contamination contamination obsession on prehospital delay compared with other measurements during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: A total of 139 patients with acute STEMI admitted to our heart center from 20 March 2020 to 20 June 2020 were included in this study. If the time interval between the estimated onset of symptoms and admission to the emergency room was >120 min, it was considered as a prehospital delay. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) test were used to assess Contamination-Obbsessive compulsive disorder (C-OCD). RESULT: The same period STEMI count compared to the previous year decreased 25%. The duration of symptoms onset to hospital admission was longer in the first month compared to second and third months (180 (120-360), 120 (60-180), and 105 (60-180), respectively; P = 0.012). Multivariable logistic regression (model-2) was used to examine the association between 7 candidate predictors (age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, smoking, pain-onset time, and coronary artery disease (CAD) history), PI-WSUR C-OCD, and admission month with prehospital delay. Among variables, PI-WSUR C-OCD and admission month were independently associated with prehospital delay (OR 5.36 (2.11-13.61) (P = 0.01); 0.26 (0.09-0.87) p < 0.001] respectively]. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that contamination obsession was associated with prehospital delay of STEMI patients, however anxiety and depression level was not associated during the pandemic.

Burnout, workaholism e qualidade de vida entre docentes de pós-graduação em enfermagem / Burnout, workaholism y calidad de vida de docentes de posgrado en enfermería / Burnout, workaholism and quality of life among professors in graduate-level nursing programs

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a associação do burnout com workaholism e qualidade de vida entre docentes de mestrado e/ou doutorado em enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com docentes permanentes vinculados aos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área da Enfermagem de 47 universidades públicas das cinco regiões do Brasil. Entre julho e dezembro de 2018, convidou-se 919 docentes, dos quais 368 responderam a quatro questionários: caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e ocupacional, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, Dutch Work Addiction Scale e World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument - Bref. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e as associações foram verificadas por regressão logística múltipla bruta e ajustada. Resultados: A prevalência de indicativo de burnout foi de 28,0%, de workaholism foi de 35,5% e de baixa qualidade de vida geral foi de 17,7% entre os docentes permanentes investigados. Trabalho compulsivo, trabalho excessivo e ser workaholic aumentaram significativamente as chances de altos níveis de exaustão emocional, despersonalização e baixa eficácia profissional. Por outro lado, níveis significativamente menores foram observados nos trabalhadores positivos, com alta percepção de qualidade de vida geral, física, psicológica, social e do meio ambiente. Os modelos múltiplos das dimensões da síndrome indicaram que suas dimensões são direta e positivamente associadas com o workaholism e direta e negativamente associadas à qualidade de vida geral, mesmo após o ajuste com variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e ocupacionais. Conclusão: A síndrome de burnout foi associada aos professores de mestrado e/ou doutorado com workaholism e que consideravam ter uma baixa qualidade de vida.

Resumen Objetivo: Verificar la relación del burnout con el workaholism y la calidad de vida de docentes de maestría y doctorado en enfermería. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con docentes permanentes vinculados a los Programas de Posgrado del área de Enfermería de 47 universidades públicas de las cinco regiones de Brasil. Entre julio y diciembre de 2018, se invitó a 919 docentes, de los cuales 368 respondieron cuatro cuestionarios: caracterización sociodemográfica, de salud y ocupacional, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, Dutch Work Addiction Scale y World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument - Bref. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y las relaciones fueron verificadas mediante regresión logística múltiple bruta y ajustada. Resultados: La prevalencia de indicios de burnout fue del 28,0 %, de workaholism del 35,5 % y de baja calidad de vida general del 17,7 % entre los docentes permanentes investigados. Trabajo compulsivo, trabajo en exceso y ser workaholic aumentaron significativamente la probabilidad de altos niveles de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja eficacia profesional. Por otro lado, se observaron niveles significativamente menores en trabajadores positivos, con una alta percepción de calidad de vida general, física, psicológica, social y del medio ambiente. Los modelos múltiples de las dimensiones del síndrome indicaron que sus dimensiones están directa y positivamente relacionadas con el workaholism y directa y negativamente relacionadas con la calidad de vida general, inclusive después de ajustar las variables sociodemográficas, de salud y ocupacionales. Conclusión: El síndrome de burnout está relacionado con profesores de maestría y doctorado con workaholism y que consideran que tienen una mala calidad de vida.

Abstract Objective: To verify the association of burnout between workaholism and quality of life among graduate-level nursing professors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with permanent professors linked to Postgraduate Programs in Nursing at 47 public universities in the five regions of Brazil. Between July and December 2018, 919 teachers were invited, of whom 368 answered four questionnaires: sociodemographic, health and occupational characterization, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, Dutch Work Addiction Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument - Bref. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the associations were verified by unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of indicative of burnout was 28.0%, of workaholism was 35.5% and of low general quality of life was 17.7% among the permanent professors investigated. Working excessively, working compulsively and being a workaholic significantly increased the chances of high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional accomplishment. On the other hand, significantly lower levels were observed in the positive professionals, with a high perception of general, physical, psychological, social, and environmental quality of life. The multiple models of the syndrome indicated that its dimensions are directly and positively associated with workaholism and directly and negatively associated with the general quality of life, even after adjustment with sociodemographic, health and occupational variables. Conclusion: Burnout was associated with professors with workaholism and those who consider themselves as having a poor quality of life.

Chest Wall Mobility: Identification of Underlying Predictors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to normal mobility or hypermobility of the chest wall. METHODS: Seventy-eight young adults were divided into 2 groups: patients with normal mobility (group 1, n = 40) and hypermobility of the chest wall (group 2, n = 38). The mean mobility of the chest wall in groups 1 and 2 was 9.9 and 6.1 cm, respectively. The mean age of groups 1 and 2 was 22.2 and 21.5 years, respectively. The Brief Symptom Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to evaluate the psychometric properties. Quality of life was assessed using 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Smoking status was determined via self-report of current smoking status. Chest wall mobility was measured using thoracic and axillary cirtometry. Pulmonary functions were evaluated using a Spirobank II device. Subsequently, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75% were verified. Carefusion Micro RPM and the 6-minute walk test were used to evaluate maximal respiratory pressures and functional capacity, respectively. RESULTS: With backward linear regression models, FVC and obsessive-compulsive traits were significant predictors of chest wall mobility (R²â€¯= 0.27; P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). In logistic regression models, FVC, maximum inspiratory pressure, and obsessive-compulsive traits were significant predictors of normal mobility/hypermobility of the chest wall (R²â€¯= 0.42; P < .001, P = .01, and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION: Forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and obsessive-compulsive traits are significant predictors of chest wall mobility and normal mobility or hypermobility of the chest wall.

Disgust propensity and sensitivity in childhood anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Two constructs differentially related to obsessional content.

The role of disgust in anxiety and related disorders has been extensively studied in adults, however its role in childhood psychopathology is in need of further investigation. The adult literature has suggested that two distinct sub-constructs within "disgust proneness" may differentially predict anxiety-related disorders. Namely, disgust propensity (DP) has been defined as the likelihood an individual will experience a disgust reaction, and disgust sensitivity (DS) as the degree to which an individual is distressed by their experience of disgust. The current study aimed to validate the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised (DPSS-R) in a sample of youth receiving intensive services for OCD and anxiety, examine the relationship between disgust sub-constructs and obsessional content in a sample of youth with OCD, and examine the relationship between disgust change and symptom severity at discharge. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure of the DPSS-R. DP was found to be uniquely predictive of contamination obsessions, and DS was found to be uniquely predictive of moral obsessions. Lastly, change in DP, but not DS, predicted overall change in OCD symptom severity. The present study provides a valid measure of DS and DP in youth with anxiety and related disorders, and suggests that subconstructs of disgust may serve as distinct risk factors for obsessional content in youth with OCD. Future research should examine the predictive validity of DP and DS longitudinally, as well as examine effective ways to more effectively target DP with exposure therapy.

"Keep Yourself Alive": From Healthy Eating to Progression to Orthorexia Nervosa A Mixed Methods Study among Young Women in the Netherlands.

This study aimed to understand the factors influencing people's choice to follow a diet considered healthy, and if and how these factors may contribute progress toward a higher (unhealthy) degree of preoccupation with healthy eating: orthorexia nervosa. This was achieved through mixed methods (interviews, n = 12; questionnaire, n = 82). The target group was young females in the Netherlands. Several biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to people's healthy eating. Having concerns about chronic conditions were found to be significantly associated with a higher degree of preoccupation with healthy eating, resulting implicated in the possible onset of orthorexia nervosa.

Deep-brain stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical and molecular neuroimaging correlation / Estimulación cerebral profunda en el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo resistente a tratamiento: correlato clínico y de neuroimagen molecular

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined by the presence of obsessions and compulsions that cause marked anxiety or distress and has been associated with a disruption in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical circuitry. After treatment, around 50% of patients continue to experience incapacitating symptoms. Deep-brain stimulation has been shown to be an effective therapeutic alternative to regular treatment. Methods: Case report. Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman with a diagnosis of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder was treated with deep-brain stimulation of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Molecular imaging before and after the procedure was obtained and correlated with clinical features. Conclusions: Deep-brain stimulation may be a therapeutic alternative to regular care in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder and can be correlated to functional changes in suspected anatomical structures.

RESUMEN Introducción: El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo se define por la presencia de obsesiones y compulsiones que ocasionan ansiedad y malestar marcados, y se ha asociado con una alteración en los circuitos cortico-estriado-tálamo-corticales. Tras tratamiento, alrededor de la mitad de los pacientes permanecen con síntomas discapacitantes. La estimulación cerebral profunda ha mostrado ser una alternativa efectiva al tratamiento usual. Métodos: Reporte de caso. Presentación del caso: Una mujer de 54 años con diagnóstico de trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo resistente a tratamiento fue tratada con estimulación cerebral profunda del brazo anterior de la cápsula interna. Se obtuvieron imágenes moleculares antes y después de la intervención y fueron correlacionadas con el cuadro clínico. Conclusiones: La estimulación magnética profunda puede ser una alternativa terapéutica al tratamiento usual en el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo resistente a tratamiento, y puede correlacionarse con cambios funcionales en estructuras anatómicas de sospecha.

The Effects of Risk Behaviors and Orthorexic Behavior on Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: Adolescents with chronic disease are as likely to exhibit risk-taking behavior as their peers. The aim was to investigate the risk behaviors of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the effect of orthorexic eating behaviors (OEB) on glycemic control (GC). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 adolescents with T1D, aged between 13-18 years and attending high school. The Risk Behavior Scale (RBS) and Orthorexic Behavior Scale (ORTO-11) were administered. A high RBS score indicates risky behavior; a low ORTO-11 score suggests a tendency to OEB. Participants hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) status was used to assess GC: optimal GC (HbA1c ≤7%); or poor GC (HbA1c >7%). Results: Among females, those with poor GC had significantly lower (p=0.031) ORTO-11 scores than those with optimal GC, which was not the case in males. A significant correlation (r=0.358, p<0.001) was found between HbA1c and total RBS, eating habits subscale, and suicidal tendency subscale scores. Participants with poor GC had significantly higher eating habits subscale, alcohol use, and tobacco use subscale scores (p<0.05). Among females, total RBS and suicidal tendency subscale score was found to be significantly higher in those with poor GC; among males, alcohol subscale score was found to be significantly higher in those with poor GC. Conclusion: This study is the first to show the effect of the tendency for OEB on GC among female adolescents with T1D. The study showed that, along with inappropriate eating behaviors, adolescents with T1D should also be assessed for other risk behaviors to help achieve optimal GC.

Musas fitness e a tríade corpo-consumo-felicidade / Fitness muses and the body-consumption-happiness triad / Musas fitness y la trías cuerpo-consumo-felicidad

Resumo: Analisamos como são produzidas e se produzem as Musas Fitness, mapeando suas estratégias para interpelar seguidores/as, entendendo as relações estabelecidas entre as arquiteturas corporais e o consumo. Nesta etnografia virtual, acompanhamos nove mulheres no Instagram por três meses, utilizando a observação e a captura de fotografias e textos. Os resultados apontam para diferentes investimentos na produção de arquiteturas corporais pela via do consumo direcionada à exposição dos corpos; a exibição pública da intimidade; a relação entre bens, serviços, produtos como condição à felicidade. As imagens performáticas de suas vidas espetaculares alimentam a obsessão por um cotidiano irretocável, cujos ruídos e seduções ancoram a promessa infinda de que o consumo dos produtos anunciados envolve o acesso aquele festejado estilo de vida. Assim, somando likes, acumulando seguidores/as, participando de eventos, comercializando produtos, as Musas Fitness reiteram constantemente o imperativo da tríade corpo-consumo-felicidade.

Abstract: We analyze how Muses Fitness are produced and produce themselves, mapping their strategies to engage with followers and understanding the relationships established between body architectures and consumption. In this virtual ethnography, we extracted photos and texts from nine women on Instagram on the course of 3 months. The results point to different investments in the development of body architectures by means of consumption related to body exposure the public display of intimacy and the relationship between goods, services, and products as a condition of happiness. The idealistic images of their spectacular lives encourage the obsession with an irreproachable lifestyle, whose noises and seductions support the promise that the consumption of the announced products is a key factor to reach it. Thus, by adding likes, accumulating followers, participating in events, marketing products, the Muses Fitness constantly restate the triad body-consumption-happiness.

Resumen: Analizamos cómo son producidas y se producen las Musas Fitness, mapeando sus estrategias para interpelar seguidores/as, comprendiendo las relaciones establecidas entre las arquitecturas corporales y el consumo. En esta etnografía virtual, seguimos a 9 mujeres en Instagram por tres meses, utilizando la observación y la captura de fotografías y textos. Los resultados apuntan hacia diferentes inversiones en la producción de arquitecturas corporales por la vía del consumo direccionada a la exposición de los cuerpos; la exhibición pública de la intimidad; la relación entre bienes, servicios, productos como condición para la felicidad. Las imágenes performáticas de sus vidas espectaculares alimentan la obsesión por un cotidiano impecable, cuyos ruidos y seducciones afianzan la promesa infinita de que el consumo de los productos anunciados envuelve el acceso a aquel celebrado estilo de vida. Así, sumando likes, acumulando seguidores/as, participando de eventos, comercializando productos, las Musas Fitness reiteran constantemente el imperativo de la tríada cuerpo-consumo-felicidad.

Estilos educativos parentales y emociones como predictores de respuestas obsesivo-compulsivas en población adolescente / Parental educational styles and emotions as predictors of obsessive-compulsive responses in adolescent population

Resumen Las variables familiares y emocionales están relacionadas con el desarrollo y mantenimiento de distintos trastornos psicopatológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre variables emocionales (regulación de emociones, optimismo y tolerancia a la frustración) y familiares (estilos parentales percibidos) con respuestas obsesivo-compulsivas. En cuanto al método, los participantes fueron 473 adolescentes (249 chicos y 224 chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 18 años (M = 14.84, DT = 1.83) que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato. En resultados, la variable optimismo alcanzó el mayor peso explicativo de obsesión-compulsión, seguida de la atención a los síntomas, revelación del padre y tolerancia a la frustración. Las puntuaciones en ansiedad y depresión presentaron un alto porcentaje de varianza explicada. Se concluye que el optimismo, la atención adecuada a los síntomas, la tolerancia a la frustración y las relaciones de confianza entre padres e hijos podrían ser factores protectores en la aparición de pensamientos obsesivo-compulsivos.

Abstract Family and emotional variables are related to the development and maintenance of different psychopathological disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze differences between emotional variables (emotion regulation, optimism and tolerance to frustration) and family variables (perceived educational styles) with obsessive-compulsive responses. Method: Participants were 473 adolescents (249 boys and 224 girls) aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.84, SD = 1.83) who were studying Secondary Education. Results: The optimism variable reached the highest explanatory weight of obsession-compulsion, followed by attention to symptoms, sharing of feeling with father and tolerance to frustration. The scores in anxiety and depression showed a high percentage of variance explained. Conclusions: Optimism, adequate attention to symptoms, tolerance to frustration and relationships of trust between parents and children could be protective factors of obsessive-compulsive thoughts.

[Pathological sectiomania in maxillofacial surgery - the phenomenon of fixed obsession with surgical procedures: clinical case series]. / Patologicheskaia sektsiomaniia v cheliustno-litsevoi khirurgii - fenomen sverkhtsennoi oderzhimosti operativnymi vmeshatel'stvami: seriia klinicheskikh sluchaev.

In the article, on the example of two demonstrative clinical cases, the case histories of patients are described, some phenomenon of which at first glance may be perceived as symptoms of a dental and maxillofacial surgical pathology, but in fact are phenomenon of a mental disorder. In the most severe cases, patients, in order to alleviate their condition, stubbornly insist and achieve from the surgeons multiple operative interventions, which should be considered as the formation of a special type of addiction - pathological sectiomania. Summarizing these observations, the authors come to the conclusion about the clinical expediency of isolating this type of addiction and justify the need to refer these patients for a consultation with a psychiatrist.