A AIDS personificada no jornal Correio de Notícias (PR), 1987 a 1992 / AIDS personified in the newspaper Correio de Notícias (PR), 1987 to 1992 / Personificación del SIDA en el periódico Correio de Notícias (PR), 1987 a 1992

O artigo analisa as representações sociais sobre sujeitos identificados com sorologia positiva para HIV e/ou adoecidos pela aids veiculadas pelo periódico Correio de Notícias entre os anos de 1987 e 1992. Buscou-se perceber como um veículo de comunicação com circulação expressiva no estado do Paraná construiu uma determinada imagem encarnada do soropositivo para o HIV, em um período em que a AIDS era comumente considerada um vaticínio de morte e no qual a imprensa correntemente utilizava-se do termo 'aidético'. A partir dos dados obtidos, fez-se análise de conteúdo das matérias jornalísticas, com suporte na teoria das Representações Sociais. Identificou-se uma pluralidade de categorias temáticas, sobressaindo-se um conjunto de representações cujo significado mais imediato reforçou a estigmatização da pessoa com HIV e/ ou adoecida pela AIDS a partir de sua associação com crime, delito e contravenção.

The article analyzes the social representations of people with HIV and/or sick of AIDS that were published by the newspaper Correio de Notícias between 1987 and 1992. The main purpose of the analysis was to understand how a newspaper of significant circulation in the state of Paraná built a certain stereotypic image of people HIV-positive at a time when the disease was considered a death prediction. From the obtained data, a content analysis of the journalistic materials was made, with support from the theory of the Social Representations. The survey identified a plurality of thematic categories with a set of representations whose most immediate significance reinforced the stigmatization of the person with HIV and/or sick of AIDS with an association with crime and misdemeanor.

El artículo analiza las representaciones sociales de personas con VIH y/o enfermo de SIDA vehiculadas por el periódico Correio de Notícias entre 1987 y 1992. El propósito principal del análisis fue comprender cómo un periódico de circulación expresiva en el estado de Paraná construyó una determinada imagen encarnada del VIH positivo, en un período en que la enfermedad se consideraba una predicción de muerte. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los materiales periodísticos, con el apoyo de la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. El análisis identificó una pluralidad de categorías temáticas con un conjunto de representaciones cuyo significado más inmediato reforzó la estigmatización de la persona con VIH y/o con manifestación de estar enfermo de SIDA con una asociación con el crimen, el delito y otros desórdenes.

Kleist para tempos de isolamento social: oralidade, corpo e pensamento / Kleist for isolation times: orality, body, and thought / Kleist para tiempos de aislamiento social: oralidad, cuerpo y pensamiento

O artigo apresenta e explora o texto de Heinrich von Kleist intitulado "Sobre a fabricação gradativa dos pensamentos enquanto se fala" (1805-1806). A tese central do ensaio articula oralidade, corpo e produção de pensamento: apartando-se da tradição metafísica, Kleist investiga a imbricação entre a fala, os estados atmosféricos do corpo e o ato de pensar, salientando as dimensões temporais necessárias à fabricação de ideias, não na mente, mas na prática viva dos falantes, em seus intercâmbios presenciais. O ensaio fornece pistas para que se vislumbrem possíveis efeitos sobre o pensamento no contexto de comunicações tecnologicamente mediadas por conta da pandemia da Covid-19, dissociando o falar da presença direta dos corpos. A metodologia adotada concerne à análise detalhada desse texto (pouco conhecido entre nós), remetendo a alguns conceitos de Deleuze e Guattari e visando a levantar possíveis problemas que o pensamento enfrenta na atual situação de distância entre os corpos.

The article presents and explores Heinrich von Kleist's essay "On the gradual construction of thoughts during speech" (1805-1806). Its main thesis articulates orality, body, and the gradual production of thought: against the metaphysical tradition, Kleist analyses the intertwining of speech, atmospherical states of the body and the act of thinking. He highlights the temporal dimensions necessary to the fabrication of ideas not inside the mind, but during the vivacious practice of speech. This text offers relevant clues to the discussion of possible effects on thinking caused by the social isolation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which segregates speech from the presence of the bodies. The methodology employed concerns a close reading of Kleist's essay, relating the thesis presented to some concepts and perspectives developed by Deleuze and Guattari, as well as to the present context of social isolation and expansion of mediated communications.

El artículo explora el texto de Heinrich von Kleist titulado "Sobre la fabricación gradual de los pensamientos mientras se habla" (1805-1806). La tesis central del ensayo articula oralidad, cuerpo y producción de pensamiento: apartándose de la tradición metafísica, Kleist investiga la imbricación entre el habla, los estados atmosféricos del cuerpo y el acto de pensar, subrayando las dimensiones temporales necesarias a la fabricación de ideas, no en la mente, sino en la práctica viva de los hablantes, en sus intercambios presenciales. En ese sentido, provee pistas para comenzar a vislumbrar posibles efectos sobre el pensamiento en el contexto de expansión de comunicaciones tecnológicamente mediadas debido a la pandemia de la Covid-19. La metodología utilizada concierne al análisis detallado del texto (poco conocido entre nosotros), remitiendo a algunos conceptos de Deleuze e Guattari y apuntando a evaluar posibles problemas que el pensamiento enfrenta en la actual situación de distancia entre los cuerpos.

Asking the Question of Why.

Pioneering research from Mina Bissell established the "Dynamic-Reciprocity" view of biology in which there is a bidirectional interaction between cells and their microenvironment. Her revolutionary work showed that extracellular matrix signaling and microenvironment impact gene expression, taking cancer research beyond genetics. For these contributions, she is the recipient of the 2020 Canada Gairdner International Award. Growing up in a well-educated family in Iran, Mina liked to ask many "why" questions. She spoke with Cell editor Miao-Chih Tsai about how she tackles scientific questions and life challenges. Excerpts from this conversation are presented below, and the full conversation is available with the article online.

The Truth about Truth-Telling in American Medicine: A Brief History.

Transparency has become an ethical cornerstone of American medicine. Today, patients have the right to know their health information, and physicians are obliged to provide it. It is expected that patients will be informed of their medical condition regardless of the severity or prognosis. This ethos of transparency is ingrained in modern trainees from the first day of medical school onward. However, for most of American history, the intentional withholding of information was the accepted norm in medical practice. It was not until 1979 that a majority of physicians reported disclosing cancer diagnoses to their patients. To appreciate the current state of the physician-patient relationship, it is important to understand how physician-patient communication has developed over time and the forces that led to these changes. In this article, we trace the ethics and associated practices of truth-telling during the past two centuries, and outline the many pressures that influenced physician behavior during that time period. We conclude that the history of disclosure is not yet finished, as physicians still struggle to find the best way to share difficult information without causing undue harm to their patients.

Patient-Physician Communication in the 21st Century.

In clinical practice, a successful patient-physician partnership can improve the outcome of treatment, especially in cases of chronic disease or cancer. To establish this partnership, physicians must explain treatment options and potential outcomes, but how to best do this when treatment is based on scientific principles and findings that the lay patient will not be familiar with? Here we present a paradigm for patient-physician communication using the immunotherapy of cancer as a model. In this context, we argue for the importance of incorporating techniques in communicating science with patients into the training of early career physicians.

La televisión comunitaria en el oriente antioqueño: un ejercicio de construcción de tejido social y paz / The community television system in the eastern region in antioquia: an exercise of construction of the social fabric and peace

El presente artículo resultado de investigación, expone las diversas realidades que atraviesan los canales comunitarios del Oriente Antioqueño (Colombia). Para presentar los resultados el texto relaciona tres momentos: primero, aspectos jurídicos que en Colombia rigen la Televisión Comunitaria, normativas que ha regido a la televisión pública en el país y sus incidencias en el desarrollo de la televisión comunitaria local; dos, se ahonda en la necesidad de entender los modos de organización como asociaciones económicas y sus acciones colectivas (Actividades en Red) como estrategias co-operativas para el trabajo y tres, plantea el papel de la televisión comunitaria como órgano de expresión de las comunidades de esta subregión golpeada por la violencia, la exclusión y la impuesta llegada del desarrollo.

This current article, the result of a piece of research, introduces the various situations that the community channels, in the eastern region in Antioquia (Colombia), have to go through. In order to present the results, the text relates three moments: firstly, legal aspects governing the community television system, regulations that have controlled the public television in the country and its effects on the development of the local community television system; in Colombia; secondly, it delves into the need to understand modes of organization such as economic associations and their collective actions (Network Activities) as co-operative strategies for the work, and thirdly, it raises the role of the community television system as an organ of expression of the communities in this sub-region, struck by violence, exclusion, and the imposed arrival of development.

Truth, trust, and confidence in surgery, 1890-1910: patient autonomy, communication, and consent.

During the late nineteenth century, there was a dramatic rise in the number of surgical procedures that doctors were prepared to attempt. This article discusses why there was also a rise in the number of people who were prepared to submit to all of these operations. Contrary to popular assumptions, many nineteenth- century patients did not lack effective autonomy. Their consent to surgery could not be taken for granted, especially as surgery was expensive compared with many other forms of treatment. Persuading patients that surgery could help them was an active process, and patients and their friends were often provided with pertinent information, especially in cases in which the doctors themselves had doubts about an operation. Faith in the theoretical possibility of safe surgery may have been just as important in contributing to doctors' increased willingness to operate as any improvement in practical results. A key factor in the rising popularity of surgery with both doctors and patients was not so much better surgical results as it was confidence in the possibility of better surgical results and the ways in which this confidence was communicated from doctors to patients.

Especies locales, mercado y transporte en las investigaciones embriológicas: el estudio de la poliembrionía en armadillos a principios del siglo XX / Local species, the market, and transportation in embryological research: the study of polyembryony in armadillos in the early twentieth century

Se examina en un caso concreto la afirmación general de la importancia de las redes de comunicación y la movilidad de las cosas para la ciencia. De qué forma esto jugó un papel relevante en las investigaciones sobre la embriología de ciertas especies de armadillos a principios del siglo XX? Como intentamos mostrar, el acceso a las hembras preñadas de esas especies silvestres y los tiempos en el transporte hasta el laboratorio fueron cuestiones substanciales en los inicios de esas investigaciones. Las estrategias para obtener muestras en el campo y la temporalidad de ciertos fenómenos, los circuitos comerciales en los que participan los organismos estudiados y su trasformación en el laboratorio permiten vislumbrar aspectos de cómo trabajaron y qué problemas enfrentaron esos científicos.

The article examines the general affirmation that communication networks and mobility are important to science by examining how these factors played a relevant role in one specific case, that is, research on the embryology of certain species of armadillos in the early twentieth century. As we show, access to pregnant females of the species and transport time from the wild to the laboratory were significant issues in the early days of such research. The strategies used to obtain field samples, the temporality of certain phenomena, the commercial circuits of which the organisms under study were a part, and the transformations they underwent in the laboratory all afford a glimpse at some aspects of how these scientists approached their work and what problems they faced in producing new knowledge.

Atividade de comunicação e de trabalho / Communication and work activity

Este artigo discute o binômio comunicação e trabalho a partir da perspectiva da ergologia, ou seja, da atividade humana. Faz uma breve retrospectiva das teorias de comunicação, analisando como as correntes teóricas hegemônicas vêem de maneira limitada os processos de comunicação. E discute sobre os conceitos de comunicação e de trabalho, propondo uma abordagem de pesquisa que permita melhor compreender esse binômio.

This article discusses the communication and work binomial from the perspective of ergology, that is, of human activity. It presents a brief retrospective of communication theories, analyzing the limited view of communication processes by hegemonic theoretical currents, and discusses concepts of communication and work, proposing a research approach that will allow better understanding of this binomial.

Cultura midiática e igreja: uma nova ambiência / Media culture and church: a new ambience

Não basta usar a mídia para difundir a mensagem cristã e o magistério da Igreja. É mister integrar tal mensagem na nova cultura das modernas comunicações. Comprometida com uma proposta de evangelização através dos 'mass media', Puntel acredita que só se pode evangelizar com uma compreensão mais profunda da evolução da idéia de comunicação através dos séculos. Seu objetivo é, portanto, explorar a interconexão entre mídia e cultura, considerando as possíveis definições e implicações mútuas daí decorrentes como construção do significado no contexto da sociedade moderna. Apresenta uma versão diferente para o utilitarismo da mídia, tentando considerá-la um processo; mas, a partir de uma perspectiva sociocultural. Fonte para os estudantes de teoria da comunicação, a obra representa também um suporte pedagógico para os agentes pastorais da comunicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são dedicados à revisão do pensamento católico sobre comunicação e cultura, enunciando os desafios da Igreja no sentido de inserir-se nesta crescente ambiência midiática...

Cancer health communication in the Netherlands 1910-1950: paternalistic control or popularization of knowledge?

From the First World War onwards anti-cancer organizations in Europe attempted to spread the message of "Do Not Delay": cancer is curable, if and when early diagnosed. This article reports on a systematic study of sources on cancer health education from the medical and public domains in the Netherlands between 1910 and 1950. Dutch cancer specialists were not at all enthusiastic about spreading too much knowledge about various aspects (genetic, environmental etc.) among laymen, fearing cancerophobia among the public, and preferred to channel information and guidelines through intermediate health professionals. Cancer health education campaigns, doing away with this paternalistic attitude, only started on a comparable scale to other countries in the 1950s, possibly because of the pressure of fund-raising. Before that time compliance of patients with public health policies was orchestrated by the intervention of intermediate civil bodies, such as home nursing services. Health policies in the Netherlands were characterized by indirect strategies involving different actors.

Rethinking theatre in modern operating rooms.

Metaphor is a means through which a widely accepted meaning of a word is used in a different context to add understanding that would otherwise be difficult to conceive. Through etymological and metaphorical associations, we contend that aspects of "theatre" are still relevant in the modern operating rooms and that the use of dramaturgical metaphors can add another layer of understanding about the social reality in this setting. We begin by exploring the historical roots and derivation of the word theatre as it applied to anatomical dissection and surgery. Briefly, we touch on the work of Erving Goffman and examine how his work has been used by others to explore aspects of operating room nursing. Then, drawing on data from a postmodern ethnographic study that has been used to examine communication in operating room nursing, four dramaturgical metaphors are used to illustrate the argument. They are drama, the script and learning the lines, the show must go on, and changing between back stage and front stage. To conclude, the small amount of previously published literature on this topic is compared and contrasted, and the relevance of using dramaturgical metaphors to understand modern operating rooms is discussed. Being able to distinguish between the inherent drama in operating room work and the dramatic realisation of individuals who work within, can help operating room nurses to think differently about, and perhaps re-evaluate their social situation and how they function within it.

Stories of cancer pain: a historical perspective.

This article considers published accounts by people with personal experience of cancer, and cancer pain, from 1945 to the present. These firsthand stories communicate deeply personal truths and understandings--and this is their value. Narratives of cancer can inform and support others with the disease and contribute meaningful knowledge to health professionals about the subjective experience of living with cancer and cancer pain. They also highlight where improvements can be made in health care and serve as a platform from which patients may criticize, expose, petition, support, share, challenge, and call for autonomy. A cancer diagnosis can rupture the life of the person who receives it, but as this article illustrates, inscribing the words of a narrative and revealing experiences to a public audience can bring meaning to a life event which might otherwise be viewed as meaningless.

Comunicaçäo alternativa na USP na década 1991-2001: tecnologia e pesquisa em reabilitaçäo, educaçäo e inclusäo / Alternative communication at University of Säo Paulo in 1991-2001: technology and research for rehabilitation, education and inclusion

Este artigo faz revisäo histórica de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em sistemas computadorizados de comunicaçäo alternativa, diagnóstico e (re) habilitaçäo desenvolvidos na última década para portadores de distúrbios neuromotores (paralisia cerebral, esclerose lateral amiotrófica, anartria), neurossensoriais (surdez profunda pré- linguística) e neurolinguísticos (afasia, dislexia), e suas combinaçöes (surdez congênita e amputaçäo de mäos, paralisia cerebral e deficiência visual, afasia com surdez verbal pura e tetraplegia por lesäo medular). Aborda sistemas computadorizados para avaliaçäo, comunicaçäo e (re) habilitaçäo cognitiva baseados em pictoideogramas PIC e PCS, semantografia Bliss, Língua de Sinais Brasileira, e escrita alfabética segmentada em níveis silábico e fonêmico, que podem ser operados por input direto (teclado, mouse, tela sensível ao toque) e indireto (varredura automática com diferentes estratégias e parâmetros temporais...

Estudio descriptivo de la comunicacion y el lenguaje en niños autistas de la ciudad de Rosario durante el 2001 / Description study of the comunication and the language in autists children of the city of Rosario during the 2001

La presente investigación se realizó teniendo como objetivos: indagar bibliográficamente acerca del autismo, priorizando los temas vinculados con la comunicación y el lenguaje verbal. Observar la presencia y manifestación de las funciones comunicativas, del lenguaje expresivo y comprensivo y de las expresiones verbales características del autismo en niños con este cuadro. La Población investigada la constituyen 16 niños diagnosticados con autismo, que asisten a las siguientes Instituciones de salud pertenecientes a la ciudad de Rosario: o Equipo 111. o Hospital de Niño Zona Norte. o Servicio Asistencial de la Cátedra de Psiquiatría de niños de la Facultad. de Ciencias Médicas, U.N.R. o Consultorio particular. Las edades de los niños oscilan entre los 2 y 15 años. La mayoría (13) es de sexo masculino. El abordaje de cada caso se efectiviza por medio de dos observaciones directas, no participativas, en el transcurso de la actividad del niño con el terapeuta procurando no alterar la rutina cotidiana. Sobre el total de los niños en un 81 se observan funciones comunicativas. señalamiento, uso instrumental de personas y empleo de signos para pedir, empleo de gestos para negar y empleo de gestos para afirmar. Un 68,75 de los niños presentan lenguaje expresivo constatado a través de la producción de palabras sueltas y oraciones. En un 87,5 de la población se observan expresiones verbales características del autismo, dentro de ellas se destacan: ecolalia inmediata y demorada, neologismos y mutismo funcional. Todos los niños observados presentan lenguaje receptivo, evidenciado porque responden a su propio nombre y comprenden órdenes simples, algunos además responden a preguntas y sólo uno comprende órdenes complejas

Modelos comunicacionais e práticas de saúde / Models of communication and health practices

O presente trabalho procura oferecer uma breve sistematizaçäo teórica sobre as dimensöes comunicacionais envolvidas nas práticas de saúde, discriminando quatro grandes modelos ou esquemas de interpretaçäo: 1) unilateral; 2) dialógico; 3) estrutura; 4) diagramático. Os três primeiros modelos säo analisados em seus desempenhos teórico-práticos, levando-se em conta as propostas efetivamente implementadas sob a inspiraçäo conceitual de cada um deles. O quarto modelo constitui um novo aporte teórico ao campo e seus alcances e limites para o pensar/agir em comunicaçäo e saúde säo, aqui, preliminarmente ensaiados.