Productividad del hongo nativo cortinarius austroturmalis en bosques de nothofagus siempreverde y caducifolio de las reservas nacionales altos de lircay y los ruiles de la VII región, Chile / Productivity of the native mushroom cortinarius austroturmalis in evergreen and deciduous nothofagus forests of the national reserves altos de lircay and los ruiles of the VII region, Chile

Los bosques de Nothofagus de la zona mediterránea de Chile, que incluye la VII Región, están constituidos por especies caducifolias y siempreverdes, las cuales se encuentran asociadas a diversos hongos ectomicorrícicos dentro de los que destaca el hongo nativo Cortinarius austroturmalis Moser & Horak (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Este hongo constituye un Producto Forestal No Maderero (PFNM) poco conocido, cuya productividad no ha sido determinada, lo que implica que la población rural cercana a las Reservas Nacionales Altos de Lircay y Los Ruiles de la VII Región, no lo identifique como un hongo apto para el consumo humano y, por consiguiente, no lo coseche. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la productividad de basidiomas del hongo nativo Cortinarius austroturmalis asociado a especies de Nothofagus siempreverdes y caducifolias en las Reservas Nacionales Altos de Lircay y Los Ruiles de la VII Región. Las hipótesis propuestas fueron: 1) La productividad de basidiomas de Cortinarius austroturmalis en la Reserva Nacional Los Ruiles es mayor que en la Reserva Nacional Altos de Lircay, 2) La productividad de basidiomas de Cortinarius austroturmalis asociados a especies de Nothofagus siempreverdes es mayor que la productividad de este hongo asociado a especies de Nothofagus caducifolias en ambas reservas estudiadas.

Nothofagus forests in the Mediterranean region of Chile, including VII Region consist of deciduous and evergreen species, which are associated with different ectomycorrhizal fungi within which highlights the native mushroom Cortinarius austroturmalis Moser & Horak (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). This fungus is a Non-Wood Forest Product (NWFP) obscure, whose productivity has not been determined, implying that close to the National Reserves Altos de Lircay and Los Ruiles, VII Region, rural population does not identify it a fungus suitable for human consumption and therefore not harvested. The objective of this research was to determine the productivity of fruit body of the native mushroom Cortinarius austroturmalis associated with Nothofagus species of evergreen and deciduous in the National Reserves Altos de Lircay and Los Ruiles, VII Region. The proposed hypotheses were: 1) Productivity of Cortinarius austroturmalis in the National Reserve Los Ruiles is higher than in the National Reserve Altos de Lircay, 2) Productivity of Cortinarius austroturmalis associated with Nothofagus species evergreen is greater than the productivity of this fungus associated with deciduous Nothofagus species in both reserves studied.

Acute renal failure by ingestion of Cortinarius species confounded with psychoactive mushrooms: a case series and literature survey.

Mushrooms of the Cortinarius species are nephrotoxic and can cause severe acute renal failure. The toxic effect is due to orellanine. It is suspected that the cytotoxic damage is caused by the production of oxygen-free radicals. Renal pathology shows tubular necrosis with interstitial nephritis. In addition to accidental intoxications as a consequence of mushroom meals, recent cases are often due to voluntary abuse of natural drugs like magic mushrooms. We report 4 current cases of acute renal failure from intoxication by Cortinarius species by confusing it with psychoactive fungi. Typical for the Cortinarius poisoning is the long latency period from ingestion until the onset of clinical symptoms (3 - 20 days). Diagnosis is based on microscopical identification of the mushroom spores, and detection of the orellanine toxin in leftover mushrooms. In renal biopsy tissue, orellanine is detectable by thin-layer chromaography technique up to 6 months after poisoning. There is no causative therapy, and treatment is symptomatic with adequate hemodialysis. In cases of otherwise unexplained acute renal failure, intoxication with nephrotoxic mushrooms should be considered.