Sistema multiplataforma innovador para el control de emergencias, inventario y recurso humano de la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña: en asocio con la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña de Chinameca, San Miguel / Innovative multiplatform system for the control of emergencies, inventory and human resources of the Salvadoran Red Cross: in association with the Salvadoran Red Cross of Chinameca, San Miguel

En el presente informe, se encontrará con el estudio sobre el desarrollo de un sistema multiplataforma para el control de operaciones de emergencias, inventario y recurso humano de la Cruz Roja Salvadoreña del municipio de Chinameca, San Miguel, cuyos objetivos fueron diseñar un modelado de datos relacional con características de escalabilidad y definir procesos en el software que se acoplen a las necesidades actuales de la Cruz Roja y las solventen. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó el diseño de interfaces que mejoren la experiencia de usuario en el uso de la plataforma. Finalmente se capacitó al personal en el uso de la plataforma.El diseño del modelado de datos relacional implementado en este sistema informático permite su adaptación a los cambios gracias al funcionamiento lógico del sistema, facilitando de esta manera su actualización a nuevas versiones y tecnologías sin afectar su rendimiento

In this report, the development of a multiplatform system for the control of emergency operations, inventory and human resources of the Salvadoran Red Cross of the municipality of Chinameca, San Miguel, will be explained. The objectives were to design a data modeling relational with scalability characteristics, processes and to define in the software the current needs of the Red Cross and solve them. For the development of the research, the design of interfaces that improve the user experience in the use of the platform was carried out. Finally, the personnel were trained in the use of the platform. The data modeling relational design implemented in this system allows the adaptation to changes thanks to logic system performance, making easier the updating to new versions and technologies without affecting his efficiency

Global surgery for paediatric casualties in armed conflict.

Background: Understanding injury patterns specific for paediatric casualties of armed conflict is essential to facilitate preparations by organizations that provide medical care in conflict areas. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to identify injury patterns and treatment requirements that are specific for paediatric patients in conflict zones. Methods: Characteristics of children (age < 15 years) treated in medical facilities supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) between 1988 and 2014 in Kabul, Kao-i-Dang, Lokichogio, Kandahar, Peshawar, Quetta and Goma were analysed; patient characteristics were compared between treatment facilities and with those of adult patients (age ≥ 15 years). Results: Of the patients listed in the database, 15% (5843/38,088) were aged < 15 years. The median age was 10 years (IQR 6-12); 75% (4406/5843) were male. Eighty-six percent (5012/5,843) of the admitted children underwent surgery, with a median of 2 surgeries per patient (IQR 1-3). When compared with adult patients, children were more frequently seen with fragment injuries, burns and mine injuries; they had injuries to multiple body regions more often and had higher in-hospital mortality rates. Conclusions: Children more often sustained injuries to multiple body regions and had higher in-hospital mortality than adults. These findings could have implications for how the ICRC and other organizations prepare personnel and structure logistics to meet the treatment needs of paediatric victims of armed conflicts.

La Cruz Roja, el panamericanismo y la salud en el período de entreguerras / The Red Cross, Pan-Americanism and health in the inter-war period

RESUMEN La Cruz Roja, organismo internacional originalmente organizado en Europa, provocó la formación de sociedades nacionales en distintos países latinoamericanos bajo los principios humanitarios y neutrales relacionados con el tratamiento de prisioneros en épocas de conflictos bélicos. Luego de la Primera Guerra Mundial y bajo la influencia estadounidense, se impulsaron la Liga de las Sociedades de la Cruz Roja para el diseño y aplicación de acciones sanitarias y sociales en tiempos de paz. A partir de ese impulso, en la década de 1920 y 1930, se realizaron congresos panamericanos en Buenos Aires, Washington y Río de Janeiro que dispusieron una agenda coincidente con los principios de esta organización internacional que, a su vez, permitieron unificar las élites, los organismos estatales y privados de diferentes ámbitos en pos de la intervención sobre diferentes sectores sociales.

ABSTRACT The Red Cross, an international organization originally founded in Europe, promoted in different Latin American countries the formation of national societies under the humanitarian and neutral principles in relation to the treatment of prisoners in times of armed conflicts. After the First World War and under the influence of the United States, the League of the Red Cross Societies was fostered to design and apply sanitary and social actions in times of peace. Based on that boost, different Pan-American Congresses were held in the twenties and thirties in Buenos Aires, Washington and Rio de Janeiro, which had an agenda that coincided with the principles of this international organization and, at the same time, allowed the elites and the state and private organisms of different fields to unify in pursuit of intervening in different social sectors.

Nursing throughout war times: political propaganda and professional valorization (1942-1945) / Enfermería en tiempos de guerra: la propaganda política y la apreciación profesional (1942-1945) / A enfermagem em tempos de guerra: propaganda política e valorização profissional (1942-1945)

ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the symbolic effects of the publication on written press of institutional rites related to the courses promoted by the Brazilian Federal District's Schools of Nursing during the Second World War. Method: exploratory and documentary study, whose sources were treated by historical method. Results: one noticed, in the news reports analyzed, that the Brazilian Estado Novo has used nurses images to divulge within the society the woman's acting altruistic model in service to the country, through the systematic diffusion by the press of her honorable acting during the war, what assured the amplification of the visibility and acknowledgment of the Nursing profession in that context. Conclusion: the diffusion by press of emergency nurses graduations magnified their apparition in public spaces, occasion on which the institutional rite was strategically used to transmit to the society the urgency of the new profession, in order to support the political causes in vigor in the country.

RESUMEN Objetivo: discutir los efectos simbólicos de la divulgación en la prensa escrita de los ritos institucionales relacionados con los cursos del esfuerzo de guerra promovidos por las Escuelas de Enfermería del Distrito Federal de Brasil durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Método: estudio exploratorio y documental, cuyas fuentes fueron tratadas por el método histórico. Resultados: en los informes de noticias analizados se ha revelado que el Estado Novo brasileño utilizó la imagen de las enfermeras para difundir socialmente el modelo altruista del papel de la mujer en servir al país a través de la difusión sistemática por la prensa de su papel de honor en la guerra, lo que garantizó la expansión de la visibilidad y el reconocimiento de la profesión de enfermería en ese contexto. Conclusión: la divulgación por la prensa de las graduaciones de enefermeras socorristas consagró su aparición en los espacios públicos, en los que se utilizó estratégicamente el rito institucional para transmitir a la sociedad el surgimiento de una nueva profesión, con el fin de apoyar las causas de la fuerza política en el país.

RESUMO Objetivo: discutir os efeitos simbólicos da veiculação na imprensa escrita de ritos institucionais relacionados aos cursos de esforço de guerra, promovidos pelas Escolas de Enfermagem do Distrito Federal brasileiro durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Método: estudo exploratório e documental, cujas fontes foram tratadas pelo método histórico. Resultados: nas reportagens jornalísticas analisadas, evidenciou-se que o Estado Novo brasileiro utilizou a imagem de enfermeiras para divulgar socialmente o modelo altruístico de atuação da mulher no serviço à pátria, por meio da sistemática difusão pela imprensa de sua honrosa atuação na guerra, o que garantiu a ampliação da visibilidade e reconhecimento da profissão de Enfermagem naquele contexto. Conclusão: a divulgação pela imprensa de formaturas de enfermeiras socorristas consagrou sua aparição em espaços públicos, ocasião em que o rito institucional foi estrategicamente utilizado para transmitir à sociedade a emergência da nova profissão, com o intuito de apoiar as causas políticas vigentes no país.

Manual de control de epidemias cruz roja Boliviana / Manual control of epidemics BRC

El objetivo estrategico Nº4 de nustro plan estartegico de desarrollo 2009-2013 dentro de algunos resultados, espera que ejercitemos proyectos, actuaciones y capacitaciones en salud.

Thai Red Cross zidovudine donation program to prevent vertical transmission of HIV: the effect of the modified ACTG 076 regimen.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the modified ACTG 076 zidovudine regimen on the risk for vertical HIV transmission. DESIGN: Observational retrospective evaluation of a prospective cohort. SETTING: Thai Red Cross zidovudine donation program to reduce vertical HIV transmission. PATIENTS: HIV-infected Thai women and their offspring. INTERVENTION: The modified regimen consisted of 500 mg zidovudine daily during pregnancy and 300 mg zidovudine every 3 h during labor, taken orally, and 2 mg/kg zidovudine syrup four times daily for 6 weeks to infants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Only infants with at least 1 HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result at age > or = 4 weeks were included. HIV infection was defined by having at least one positive PCR at age > or = 4 weeks. The transmission rate was calculated. Characteristics of women who did and did not transmit HIV to infants were compared. RESULTS: A total of 2891 women and their infants participated in the program and 726 infants of 719 women were included in the analysis. Forty-three infants were infected. The overall transmission rate was 6.0% (95% confidence interval, 4.4-8.0). There were no differences in maternal characteristics between transmitters and non-transmitters. The transmission rate in women who started zidovudine before 30 weeks' gestation was not significantly different from that in women who started zidovudine at or after 30 weeks' gestation: 5.7 versus 3.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This modified zidovudine regimen is effective in reducing vertical transmission in a country with predominant subtype E infection. A donation program for preventing vertical HIV transmission can be implemented in developing countries, as in Thailand.

"I won't do surgery if you don't try to do my job," head of new blood agency tells MDs. Interview by Anne Mullens.

Ken Fyke is known as a tough administrator, and he is going to need all of his administrative tricks as first chair of Canadian Blood Services, the new national organization that is taking over responsibility for the nation's blood supply from the Red Cross come September. Fyke says he hopes to work closely with physicians, but they will have to realize where their responsibilities end and his begin.

Humanitarianism and local service institutions in Angola.

The role of local service institutions is not a major focus of current discourse on humanitarianism and complex emergencies. These institutions, in the few places where they are mentioned, are usually presented as either the seed of civil society and future democracy, or as pawns and components of the predatory economic, political and military élites. Few would deny that examples can be found which conform to both of these stereotypes. This simplistic representation of local institutions ignores the perspectives of the actors themselves--the nurses, extension agents, school teachers and others who actually staff most NGO-supported projects. The debate has focused on what 'we' should do; the moral dilemmas of aid agencies and their expatriate staff, inevitably leading to the question of whether or not humanitarian workers should stay or leave situations in which aid may be causing more harm than good. Without denying the fundamental importance of these issues, it is important to consider also how the discourse has unfortunately moved away from those humanitarian workers who have no such choice, since they live there. Current concerns about keeping humanitarian aid from feeding local political and military struggles may inadvertently and paradoxically serve to constrain room for maneuver in the field, particularly among those individuals with the greatest tacit understanding of the predatory environment. There is a need to understand how actors in local service institutions make sense of their own situations, including the factors which frame their moral dilemmas and their day-to-day choices. By analysing the organisational processes within local service institutions, this study is intended to provoke consideration of how these individuals and their institutions may be effectively supported in complex emergencies through a focus on how they themselves deal with danger and complexity. It is suggested that there is a value in considering the lessons learnt in recent years about how service organisations in the North function in turbulent environments. This experience points to the importance of allowing workers the discretion to develop a relationship with their clients, and in so doing make sense of a confusing and ambivalent environment.

Evaluación y tratamiento de las lesiones traumáticas de riñon: experiencia de cinco años en el Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja Mexicana / Ecaluation and treatment of renal traumatic lesions: five-year experience of the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Crush

Se comunican los resultados del manejo clínico de 105 pacientes con algún grado de lesión renal atendidos en el Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja Mexicana. Se señala la utilidad de la angiografía y tomografía computarizada en la optimización del tratamiento de estas lesiones. Se comprueba la baja mortalidad y se da la posible explicación del alto porcentaje de nefrectomías

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and lessons from its experience of war surgery.

This article describes the evolution, motivation and structure of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and its contribution to international humanitarian law. It explains the respective roles of its three components: the National Societies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). It highlights the ICRC's experience of war surgery and emphasises the relevance of this for the military medical services, especially for the training of military surgeons and anaesthetists.