Evaluating the childcare needs of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: About one-fifth of newly diagnosed cancer patients are parents to young children. These patients are at higher risk of psychosocial stress and inability to attend treatment due to having to balance their own healthcare needs with childcare duties. This study aims to explore the impact of childcare on cancer parents and elicit their perspectives on potential supports. The results could help inform the implementation of suitable childcare programs to remove this barrier in accessing care. METHODS: Patients at a large Canadian cancer treatment center were screened by oncologists for having minor children at home. Secure electronic surveys were then distributed to consenting participants. Domains surveyed included patient demographics, childcare burden, impact on treatment, and preference for childcare supports. RESULTS: The mean age of correspondents was 43.9 (range 33-54), 46 patients (92%) were female, and breast cancer was the most common primary tumor. The median number of children per correspondent was two, and their mean age was 8.4. Balancing childcare with cancer treatment had a significant impact on self-reported stress levels for most correspondents. Twenty (40%) participants had to reschedule and 7 (14%) participants missed at least one appointment due to childcare conflicts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to childcare resources decreased while childcare responsibilities increased. Three-quarters of correspondents reported that a flexible childcare would make it easier for them to adhere to appointment schedules. CONCLUSION: Childcare is a significant psychosocial barrier for patients accessing cancer care. Our results indicate that most parents undergoing treatment may benefit from hospital-based childcare services.

Outcomes From Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Recognition Programs in Early Child Care and Education: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: Recognition programs are designed to incentivize early care and education (ECE) settings to implement childhood obesity prevention standards, yet little is known regarding their efficacy. This scoping review details characteristics, methodologies, and criteria used to evaluate recognition programs, identifies gaps in evaluation, and synthesizes existing evidence. DATA SOURCE: A public health librarian created the search strategies for six databases: Ovid MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, PAIS Index, ERIC, and Scopus. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria include recognition program, ECE setting, nutrition or physical activity, and qualitative or quantitative outcomes. Exclusion criteria include programming without recognition component, no ECE setting, no nutrition or physical activity outcome, case studies, or not written in English. DATA EXTRACTION: Three researchers independently extracted and complied data into an Excel spreadsheet. DATA SYNTHESIS: Tables were created describing location, recognition program criteria, award incentive, study design, study sample, risk of bias, and outcomes (e.g., menu nutrition) evaluated in each study. RESULTS: Three unique recognition programs (described in 7 studies) provided technical assistance, incentives, and training. While outcome measures and study designs varied across programs, it is clear that recognition programs are well accepted and feasible, and one study demonstrated beneficial weight outcomes. CONCLUSION: Although additional evaluation is needed, recognition programs may be a promising strategy to improve obesity prevention practices in ECE.

Conceptualización y percepción de enfermería sobre el cuidado del niño / Nursing Conceptualization and Perception about Child Care

Introducción: El cuidado es la esencia de enfermería y se fundamenta en la relación terapéutica enfermera-niño-familia, con abordaje integral en el contexto hospitalario. Objetivo: Discutir en base a la literatura cómo enfermería conceptualiza y percibe el cuidado del niño. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020 en las bases de datos SciELO, BVS, REDALYC, ERIC, Science Direct y LILACS. En la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se revisaron 275 artículos (español, portugués e inglés), tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se obtuvieron 20. Conclusiones: El cuidado del niño tiene diversas dimensiones para su comprensión: significado del cuidado, las competencias de la enfermera, la participación de la madre y los factores que intervienen en el cuidado, con una visión humanística e integradora, mediante una relación empática entre la enfermera-madre-niño, con conocimientos científicos actualizados, experticia en los procedimientos, aplicación de principios éticos y valores, la comprensión de la psicología infantil, gran sensibilidad humana y manejo del estrés, sin dejar de lado la familia y el juego terapéutico(AU)

Introduction: Care is the essence of nursing and is based on the nurse-child-family therapeutic relationship, with a comprehensive approach in the hospital setting. Objective: To discuss, based on the scientific literature, how nursing conceptualizes and perceives child care. Methods: A systematic review was carried out of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the SciELO, BVS, REDALYC, ERIC, Science Direct and LILACS databases. The PRISMA flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) was used in the search strategy. A total of 275 articles published in Spanish, Portuguese and English were reviewed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty articles were chosen. Conclusions: Child care has several dimensions for its understanding: meaning of care, the nurse's competences, the mother's participation, and factors involved in care; with a humanistic and integrative vision, through an empathic nurse-mother-child relationship, with updated scientific knowledge, expertise in procedures, application of ethical principles and values, understanding of child psychology, great human sensitivity and stress management, without neglecting the family and therapeutic play(AU)

Aspectos esenciales para realizar los cuidados en guarderías privadas desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras / Essential Aspects, from the Perspective of Childcare Workers, for Providing Care in Private Daycare Centers

Introducción: El nuevo modelo económico cubano ha posibilitado la aparición de guarderías privadas, pero se desconocen qué aspectos deben ser considerados como esenciales para ejercer los cuidados desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras Objetivo: Explorar aspectos esenciales para realizar los cuidados en guarderías privadas desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio, realizado entre junio y septiembre de 2021 con 12 cuidadoras que laboran en guarderías privadas del municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante dos rondas de entrevistas; las narrativas fueron procesadas mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: De la primera entrevista se manifestaron las siguientes categorías: higiene y protección para el cuidado, alimentación del niño, rutinas (sueño), problemas relacionados con el cuidado y rutinas (juego). De la segunda entrevista emergieron tres categorías: necesidad de un manual para la preparación, necesidad de un sitio digital para consulta y necesidad de curso de formación. Conclusiones: Se destaca la necesidad de garantizar en la guardería la higiene adecuada y disminuir el riesgo de accidentes; la preparación de alimentos y dietas; las rabietas, caídas y la fiebre como problemas más comunes; las rutinas de descanso y la rutina de juego y su influencia para el desarrollo armónico de los niños, además que las cuidadoras deberían recibir formación a través de un manual específico para guarderías privadas; algún sitio de consulta en internet y un curso preparatorio(AU)

Introduction: The new Cuban economic model has made possible the appearance of private daycare centers, but there is lack of knowledge concerning what aspects, from the perspective of childcare workers, should be considered as essential to perform caregiving. Objective: To explore, from the perspective of childcare workers, essential aspects of care in private daycare centers. Methods: Qualitative and exploratory study carried out between June and September 2021 with twelve childcare workers from private daycare centers in Santa Clara Municipality, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. The data were obtained through two rounds of interviews; the answers were processed through content analysis. Results: The following categories emerged from the first interview: hygiene and protection for care, child feeding, routines (sleep), problems related to care and routines (playing). Three categories emerged from the second interview: the need for a training manual, the need for a virtual consultation site, and the need for a training course. Conclusions: The need is highlighted to guarantee adequate hygiene in the daycare center and reduce the risk of accidents; diet and food preparation; tantrums, falls and fever as the most common problems; rest and playing routines, as well as their influence on harmonious child development; together with the fact that childcare workers should receive training through a specific manual designed for private daycare centers, any type of virtual consultation site and training course(AU)

Physical Activity and Screen Time Practices of Family Child Care Providers: Do They Meet Best Practice Guidelines?

Background: Child care settings significantly influence children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) behaviors, yet less research has been conducted in family child care homes (FCCHs) than in child care centers. While a few studies have measured family child care providers' (FCCPs') PA practices, none have used observation to assess which specific evidence-based, best practice guidelines FCCPs met or did not meet, and no previous studies have included Latinx providers. This article examines FCCPs' adherence to PA and ST best practice guidelines using primarily observational methods with diverse FCCPs (including Latinx). Methods: We examined baseline data from a cluster randomized trial including surveys and observational data collected at the FCCH to assess whether providers met specific PA and ST best practices from the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Results: Providers completed a telephone survey and participated in two full-day observations (n = 127; 72% Hispanic). Overall, only 4 of 14 PA and ST best practices were met by >50% of providers including: leading a planned PA class more than once a week; no ST during meal or snack; not modeling sedentary behavior; and providing families with information about children's ST. Best practices least likely to be met (<20% of providers) include: providing children with >60 minutes of outdoor play daily; providing children with >45 minutes of adult-led PA each day; participating in outdoor PA with children; participating in indoor PA with children; prompting and praising children for being active; and talking with children informally about the importance of PA. Conclusions: While FCCPs engage in some positive PA and ST practices, many providers do not meet best practice guidelines. There is a need for more research about how to overcome providers' personal and environmental barriers for meeting these guidelines as well as interventions and supports to overcome these barriers. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT0245645.

As crianças no hospital colônia infantil de oliveira (mg): uma história institucional (1931-1974) / Los/as niños/as del hospital colonia infantil de oliveira (mg): una historia institucional (1931-1974) / The children at the colony hospital of oliveira (mg): an institutional history (1931-1974)

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva resgatar os registros de práticas institucionais destinadas a crianças e adolescentes internados no antigo Hospital Colônia de Neuropsiquiatria Infantil de Oliveira (HCNPO), em Minas Gerais, no período de 1931 a 1974. Para isso, foi feito um estudo de caso a partir da análise documental de fontes primárias e bibliográficas sobre a instituição e as políticas referentes ao cuidado da loucura. Constata-se que a situação de saúde dos/as internos/as era caracterizada pela negligência e a violência do modelo asilar, com condições precárias de higiene, poucas atividades terapêuticas e deficientes medidas de socialização das crianças. Conclui-se que o HCNPO falhou em cuidar, proteger e estimular o desenvolvimento desses sujeitos, alvos de políticas que justificaram a intervenção social sobre seus corpos, tanto como "menores" quanto como "loucos".

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo recuperar los registros de prácticas institucionales hacia niños y adolescentes hospitalizados en el antiguo Hospital Colonia de Neuropsiquiatria Infantil de Oliveira (HCNPO), en Minas Gerais, de 1931 a 1974. Para eso, se realizó un estudio de caso a partir del análisis documental de fuentes primarias y bibliográficas sobre la institución y políticas relacionadas con el cuidado de la locura. Resulta que la situación de salud de los/as internos/as se caracterizó por la negligencia y la violencia del modelo de asilo, con malas condiciones de higiene, pocas actividades terapéuticas y medidas de socialización insatisfactorias para los niños. En conclusión, HCNPO no cuidó, protegió y estimuló el desarrollo de estos sujetos, blanco de políticas que justificaban la intervención social en sus cuerpos, tanto como "menores" cuánto como "locos".

Abstract: This study aims to retrieve the records of institutional practices towards children and adolescents hospitalized at the former Hospital Colônia de Neuropsiquiatria Infantil de Oliveira (HCNPO), in Minas Gerais, from 1931 to 1974. For that, a case study was made from the documentary analysis of primary and bibliographic sources on the institution and policies related to the care of madness. As it turns out, the health situation of the inmates was characterized by negligence and the violence of the asylum model, with poor hygiene conditions, few therapeutic activities and unsatisfactory socialization measures for the children. In conclusion, HCNPO failed to care for, protect and stimulate the development of these subjects, targets of policies that justified social intervention on their bodies, both as "minors" and as "mad".

Modelo de implementação sistemática do brinquedo terapêutico em unidades pediátricas hospitalares / Modelo de implementación sistemática del juego terapéutico en unidades hospitalarias de pediatria / Model for the systematic implementation of therapeutic play in pediatric hospital units

Resumo Existe consenso na literatura sobre a importância do uso do brinquedo terapêutico (BT), recomendando-se a sua sistematização no planejamento do cuidado pediátrico, contudo há lacunas no conhecimento sobre como sistematizar esse cuidado e implementa-lo em unidades hospitalares. Objetivos Propor um modelo de implementação sistemática do BT para unidades pediátricas hospitalares e descrever as etapas desse processo. Método estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em unidades de internação e terapia intensiva pediátricas, apoiado pela ferramenta PDCA (Plan, Do, Check e Action). Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação da dinâmica dos atendimentos da unidade e entrevista com onze dos profissionais do grupo de referência de BT e, a seguir procedeu-se a análise temática. Resultados a implementação do BT evidenciou resultados positivos, seja na perspectiva dos integrantes do grupo de referência, seja na percepção de aumento da frequência na prática de realização do BT ou, ainda, pelo reconhecimento da família e da instituição. Conclusão e implicações para a prática As etapas percorridas no processo de implementação do BT em unidades pediátricas fornecem subsídios para direcionar profissionais de diferentes instituições a implementar de forma sistemática esta prática lúdica.

Resumen Existe consenso en la literatura sobre la importancia del uso de juguetes terapéuticos (JT), recomendándose su sistematización en la planificación del cuidado pediátrico, sin embargo existen lagunas en el conocimiento sobre cómo sistematizar este cuidado e implementarlo en las unidades hospitalarias. Objetivos Proponer un modelo para la implementación sistemática de PT para unidades hospitalarias de pediatría y describir los pasos de este proceso. Método estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en unidades de hospitalización y cuidados intensivos pediátricos, apoyado en la herramienta PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Action). Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la observación de la dinámica de atención en la unidad y entrevista con once profesionales del grupo de referencia de JT, seguida del análisis temático. Resultados la implementación de la JT mostró resultados positivos, ya sea desde la perspectiva de los miembros del grupo de referencia, ya sea en la percepción de mayor frecuencia en la práctica de la realización de la JT o, incluso, por el reconocimiento de la familia y la institución. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Los pasos dados en el proceso de implementación de la PT en las unidades pediátricas brindan subsidios para orientar a los profesionales de diferentes instituciones a implementar sistemáticamente esta práctica lúdica.

Abstract There is a consensus in the literature on the importance of using therapeutic play, recommending its systematization in pediatric care planning, however, there are gaps in knowledge about how to systematize this care and implement it in hospital units. Objectives to propose a model for the systematic implementation of therapeutic play for pediatric hospital units and describe the steps of this process. Method descriptive qualitative study, developed in pediatric hospitalization and intensive care units, supported by the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Action) tool. Data were collected through observation of the dynamics of care at the unit and an interview with 11 professionals from the reference group, followed by thematic analysis. Results the implementation of therapeutic play showed positive results, from the perspective of the members of the reference group, in the perception of increased frequency in the practice of performing therapeutic play, and due to the recognition of the family and the institution. Conclusion and implications for practice the steps taken in the process of implementing TP in pediatric units provide support to guide professionals from different institutions to systematically implement this playful practice.

Acciones educativas de la familia con el escolar durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19 / Family educational actions with schoolers during COVID-19 confinement

Introducción: El confinamiento por la COVID-19 ha generado un desafío en la crianza de los escolares. Objetivo: Examinar el desempeño de acciones educativas de la familia con el escolar durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, muestreo no probabilístico,112 familias. que cumplían aislamiento social en la comunidad Ramón López Peña, San Cristóbal, Artemisa en 2020. Instrumento utilizado: Escala de acciones educativas de la familia con el escolar durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, construida y validada por los investigadores con alfa de Cronbach= 0,970). Resultados: Las acciones educativas: cumplir los horarios de alimentación y sueño (70,6 por ciento), distribuir los roles en el cuidado del menor (70,6 por ciento), apoyo emocional (70,6 por ciento), apoyar con las teleclases (70,6 por ciento), siempre se realizaron por las familias con desempeño favorable. Las acciones: ayudar a recuperarse de una emoción negativa (72,7 por ciento), alejar al escolar de las preocupaciones y tensiones del hogar (72,7 por ciento), explicar si no entiende los contenidos o buscar ayuda (72,7 por ciento), casi nunca fueron realizadas por las familias con desempeño desfavorable. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las familias presentaron desempeño favorable de acciones educativas. La dimensión Cuidados del menor fue la mejor expresada. Enseñar al escolar las medidas higiénicas de protección; brindar información a los escolares sobre cómo protegerse; enseñar y practicar formas de saludar y de mantenerse conectados con seres queridos y amigos, fueron las acciones educativas más realizadas por ambos grupos de familia. La complejidad del aprendizaje en casa y el manejo afectivo del niño requieren especial atención(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 confinement has created a challenge in raising schoolers. Objective: Examine the performance of educational actions of the family with the school during the confinement by COVID-19. Methods: Descriptive research, non-probabilistic sampling, 112 families who complied with social isolation in Ramón López Peña community, San Cristobal, Artemisa province in 2020. Instrument used: Scale of educational actions of the family with school children during confinement by COVID-19, built and validated by researchers with Cronbach´s alpha = 0.970. Results: Educational actions as meeting food and sleep schedules (70.6 percent), distributing roles in child care (70.6 percent), emotional support (70.6 percent), supporting with teleclasses (70.6 percent) were always carried out by families with favorable performance. Actions like helping to recover from negative emotions (72.7 percent), keeping the schooler away from household concerns and tensions (72.7 percent), explaining whether they don't understand the contents or looking for help (72.7 percent) were almost never made by families with unfavorable performance. Conclusions: Most families had a favorable performance in educational actions. The Child Care dimension was the best performed one. Teaching the schoolchildren the hygienic protective measures, provide information to schoolchildren on how to protect themselves, teaching and practicing ways to greet and stay connected with loved ones and friends were the most performed educational actions by both family groups. The complexity of home learning and the child's affective management require special attention(AU)

Tiempo de cuidado familiar en la carga de trabajo doméstico y sus efectos en la salud del niño / Family Care Time within Domestic Workloads and its Effects on Child Health

Introducción: El bienestar de los niños depende de un cuidado integral. Es la madre junto a la familia quienes desempeñan un rol importante en el cuidado integral de sus hijos, por lo que el tiempo que le dedican es fundamental. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos del tiempo de cuidado familiar en la carga de trabajo doméstico sobre la salud del niño. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal con diseño ex post facto, realizado en Acomayo, Distrito Chinchao, Provincia Huánuco, Perú, durante enero-diciembre del 2019. Población de 180 madres, muestra de 54 sujetos seleccionados con muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron: cuestionario de características generales de la madre, ficha de evaluación del estado nutricional del niño, ficha de tamizaje de hemoglobina y ficha de análisis documental de los episodios de enfermedades de los niños, validados y fiabilizados. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, las hipótesis se comprobaron mediante la prueba chi cuadrado para p 0,05. Resultados: Del total de la muestra, 55,55 por ciento disponía de tiempo insuficiente para el cuidado familiar, 42,59 por ciento tenía un tiempo ajustado. Hubo desnutrición aguda en 48,14 por ciento y anemia leve en 46,29 por ciento. Se identificó presencia de al menos un episodio de enfermedad diarreica aguda en 37,03 por ciento, infección respiratoria aguda en 38,88 por ciento y parasitosis en 35,18 por ciento. Conclusiones: El tiempo insuficiente para el cuidado familiar en las cargas de trabajo doméstico tiene efectos desfavorables en la salud infantil, evidenciado con la presencia de desnutrición aguda, anemia, enfermedades diarreicas agudas, infecciones respiratorias agudas. y parasitosis en los niños estudiados (p ≤ 0,05)(AU)

Introduction: The well-being of children depends on comprehensive care. It is the mother, together with the family, who plays an important role in the comprehensive care of their children; therefore, the time they dedicate to such task is essential. Objective: To identify the effects of family care time within domestic workloads on child health. Methods: Quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study, with ex post facto design, carried out, from January to December 2019, in Acomayo, Chinchao District, Huánuco Province, Peru. The population was 180 mothers, while the sample was 54 subjects chosen with simple random sampling. The following instruments, validated and made reliable, were applied: a questionnaire on the mother's general characteristics, an assessing card for the child's nutritional status, a hemoglobin screening card, document analysis card for the children's illness episodes. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used < the hypotheses were verified using the chi-square test for P ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the whole sample, 55.55 percent had insufficient time for family care, while 42.59 percent had an adjusted time. There was acute malnutrition in 48.14 percent and mild anemia in 46.29 percent. The presence of at least one episode of acute diarrheal disease was identified in 37.03 percent; for acute respiratory infection, in 38.88 percent; and for parasitosis, in 35.18 percent. Conclusions: Insufficient family care time within the domestic workloads has unfavorable effects on child health, evidenced by the presence of acute malnutrition, anemia, acute diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections and parasitosis in the children studied (P ≤ 0.05)(AU)

A peer coach intervention in childcare centres enhances early childhood physical activity: The Active Early Learning (AEL) cluster randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: As numbers of children and time spent in childcare centres increase, so does the potential influence of these centres on early childhood physical activity (PA). However, previous reports indicate little success of interventions aimed at improving PA. The Active Early Learning (AEL) program is a multi-component pragmatic intervention designed to imbed PA into the daily curriculum. Delivered by childcare centre staff, it is directed and supported by a peer coach who works across a network of centres. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the AEL program on children's PA. METHODS: Fifteen childcare centres (8 intervention, 7 control centres; 314 children, 180 boys, 4.3y ± 0.4) participated in a 22-week stratified cluster randomised controlled trial. To be eligible to participate, centres needed to have ≥15 preschool children aged 3 to 5-years. The primary outcome was PA measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X) during childcare centre hours over a 3-day period, calculated in min/h of Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The effect of the intervention was evaluated using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, accelerometer wear time and centre clustering. RESULTS: There was an intervention effect for Total PA (+ 4.06 min/h, 95% CI [2.66 to 5.47], p < .001) and MVPA (+ 2.33 min/h, 95% CI [1.31 to 3.34] p < .001). On average, a child taking part in the intervention attending a childcare centre from 8 am to 3 pm performed 28 min more Total PA and 16 min more MVPA per day than children receiving usual practice care. CONCLUSION: In contrast with the findings of previous pragmatic trials in early childcare centres, this study shows that a peer-coach facilitated program, focussed on integrating PA into the daily childcare routine, can elicit increases in preschool children's PA of practical as well as statistical significance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry: ACTRN12619000638134 . Registered 30/04/2019.

Brinquedo terapêutico para crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo I: intervenções no domicílio / Juguete terapéutico para niños con Diabetes Mellitus tipo I: intervenciones en el hogar / Therapeutic toy for children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Home interventions

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o uso do brinquedo terapêutico no cuidado domiciliar de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Método Estudo qualitativo do tipo Estudo de Caso, realizado com crianças com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, residentes no interior do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados em 2018, por meio de entrevista com as mães, sessões de brinquedo terapêutico com as crianças e anotações no diário de campo. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os preceitos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados As crianças simularam situações cotidianas com o brinquedo terapêutico com naturalidade, evidenciando que cuidados com a glicemia e aplicação da insulina fazem parte da rotina. Contudo, demonstram sinais de insatisfação com a própria saúde, traçando comparações com crianças que não apresentam a doença e demonstrando suas angústias quando submetidas a procedimentos dolorosos. Conclusão A utilização do brinquedo terapêutico permitiu a abertura de um canal efetivo de comunicação entre criança e profissional, possibilitando ao pesquisador compreender a percepção das crianças sobre sua condição de saúde e desenvolver orientações e cuidados direcionados. Implicações para a prática Ao utilizar o brinquedo terapêutico, recurso de intervenção na assistência de enfermagem, como tecnologia de cuidado, amplia-se as possibilidades de atuação da enfermagem pediátrica, auxiliando crianças em condições crônicas.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el uso de juguetes terapéuticos en el cuidado domiciliario de niños con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Método Estudio de caso tipo estudio cualitativo realizado con niños diagnosticados de Diabetes mellitus tipo 1, residentes del interior de Paraná. Los datos fueron recolectados en 2018, a través de entrevistas con madres, sesiones de juego terapéutico con niños y notas en el diario de campo. El análisis de datos se realizó siguiendo los preceptos del análisis de contenido. Resultados Los niños simularon situaciones cotidianas con el juguete terapéutico de forma natural, demostrando que los cuidados con la aplicación de glucosa e insulina son parte de su rutina. Sin embargo, muestran signos de insatisfacción con su propia salud, haciendo comparaciones con niños que no padecen la enfermedad y demostrando su angustia al ser sometidos a procedimientos dolorosos. Conclusión El uso de juguetes terapéuticos permitió la apertura de un canal de comunicación eficaz entre los niños y los profesionales, posibilitando al investigador comprender la percepción de los niños sobre su estado de salud, y desarrollar orientaciones y cuidados focalizados. Implicaciones para la práctica Al utilizar el juguete terapéutico, recurso de intervención en el cuidado de enfermería, como tecnología asistencial, se amplían las posibilidades del trabajo de enfermería pediátrica y se presta ayuda a los niños en condiciones crónicas.

Abstract Objective To describe the use of therapeutic toys in home care for children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Method A qualitative case study carried out with children diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes mellitus, residents in the inland of Paraná. Data was collected in 2018, through interviews with mothers, therapeutic play sessions with children and notes in the field diary. Data analysis was performed following the precepts of content analysis. Results The children simulated everyday situations with the therapeutic toy naturally, showing that the care measures with blood glucose and insulin application are part of the routine. However, they show signs of dissatisfaction with their own health, drawing comparisons with children who do not suffer from the disease and demonstrating their distress when subjected to painful procedures. Conclusion The use of therapeutic toys allowed for the opening of an effective communication channel between children and professionals, enabling the researcher to understand the children's perception of their health condition, and to develop guidelines and targeted care measures. Implications for the practice When using the therapeutic toy, a resource for intervention in Nursing care, as a care technology, the possibilities for pediatric Nursing work are expanded, helping children in chronic conditions.

New drugs registered in Brazil from 2003 to 2013: analysis from the perspective of child health

This study aims to analyze the new drugs registered in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 from the perspective of childcare needs, drug safety and considering the disease burden of the country. This is a retrospective cohort study including new drugs registered in Brazil between 2003 and 2013. Drug indications were related to the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of the 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study. Association between the number of new drugs and DALY was determined by Spearman's coefficient. Post-marketing safety alerts specific to the pediatric population have been identified in the WHO Drug Information Bulletin and on websites of drug regulatory agencies. A total of 134 new drugs were included in the cohort and 46 (34.3%) had a pediatric indication. There was no evidence of an association between the disease burden in children in Brazil and the number of pediatric drugs. The safety alert data associated with the pediatric population published after registration of the new drugs were scarce. The number of new drugs launched in Brazil with a pediatric indication was small, reflecting the international challenges of developing effective and safe medicines for children. No association was found between the number of new drugs and the disease burden.

Aleitamento materno na experiência de mães de crianças traqueostomizadas e o uso da válvula Passy-Muir® / Lactancia materna desde la experiencia de madres de niños traqueostomizados y uso de la válvula Passy-Muir® / Breastfeeding based on the experience of mothers of tracheostomized children and the use of the Passy-Muir® valve

Resumo Objetivo compreender a experiência de mães de crianças traqueostomizadas, entre 0 e 24 meses de idade, que retomaram o aleitamento materno com o uso de válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir®. Método pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, com 11 mães de crianças traqueostomizadas que adaptaram a válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir®, acompanhadas em um centro de reabilitação e fonoaudiologia, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, nos meses de junho a agosto de 2017. A análise foi fundamentada nos pressupostos da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados na experiência das mães, após a traqueostomia da criança, o uso da válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir® minimizou as dificuldades no aleitamento materno. Superado o processo de adaptação da válvula, foram percebidos seus benefícios. São descritos os sentimentos das mães nesse processo, suas expectativas quanto ao uso do dispositivo e o prazer e plenitude para a mulher no retorno do aleitamento materno. Conclusões e implicações para a prática observaram-se segurança ao aleitar, menor produção de secreção, reduções no número de aspirações de vias áreas, melhora no padrão respiratório, vocalizações (balbucios e choro), melhora na qualidade do sono da criança. Novas pesquisas que abordem o aleitamento materno de crianças traqueostomizadas são necessárias para aprofundar conhecimentos nesta área.

Resumen Objetivo comprender la experiencia de las madres de niños traqueostomizados, entre 0 y 24 meses de edad, que reanudaron la lactancia materna con el uso de la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir®. Método estudio descriptivo, de carácter cualitativo, en el que participaron 11 madres de niños traqueostomizados, mediante seguimiento en un centro de rehabilitación y logopedia, que adaptó la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir®, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, de junio a agosto de 2017. El análisis se basó en los presupuestos del análisis de contenido temático. Resultados en la experiencia de las madres, después de la traqueotomía del niño, el uso de la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir® minimizó las dificultades en la lactancia. Una vez superado el proceso de adaptación de la válvula, se hicieron realidad sus beneficios. Se describen los sentimientos de las madres en el proceso de adaptación de la válvula, sus expectativas con el uso de la válvula y el placer y plenitud para la mujer en el regreso de la lactancia. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Se observó seguridad durante la lactancia, reducción de la producción de secreciones, reducciones diarias en el número de aspiraciones de las vías aéreas, advirtiéndose mejoras en el patrón respiratorio, vocalizaciones (balbuceo y llanto) y en la calidad del sueño del niño. Es necesita más investigación que aborde la lactancia materna de niños traqueostomizados, solidificando los conocimientos en esta área.

Abstract Objective To understand the experience of mothers of tracheostomized children between 0 and 24 months old, who resumed breastfeeding with the use of the Passy-Muir® deglutition valve. Method A descriptive study with a qualitative approach and semistructured interviews conducted from June to August 2017 in which the participants were 11 mothers of tracheostomized children, by follow-up in a rehabilitation and logopedia center, which adapted the Passy-Muir® deglutition valve. The analysis was based on the assumptions of thematic content analysis. Results the mothers' experience, after the child's tracheostomy, the use of the Passy-Muir® swallowing valve minimized the difficulties in breastfeeding. Once the valve adaptation process was overcome, its benefits were realized. The mothers' feelings in the process of adapting the valve are described, their expectations with the use of the valve and pleasure and fullness for the woman in the return of breastfeeding. Conclusions and implications for practice Safety during breastfeeding, reduction in the production of secretions, and reductions in the number of airway aspirations were observed, noticing improvements in the respiratory pattern, in the vocalizations (mumbling and crying), and in the child's sleep quality. Further research is needed to address breastfeeding of tracheostomized children to deepen knowledge in this area.

Mothers mothering in prison: an experience report of the nursing care project / Madres maternando en la prisión: relato de experiencia de lo proyecto asistencial de enfermería / Mães maternando na prisão: relato de experiência do projeto assistencial de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report the experience of designing and implementing the nursing care project with mothers and babies in prison. Methods: this is an experience report about the nursing care project with mothers and children in prison, having as a guiding axis Winnicottian concepts about the mother-baby relationship. Results: nursing consultations were held in childcare, thematic conversation circles and the manufacture of artifacts to encourage child development, as well as women's health care. The positive impact of the project has made it a health education program. Final Considerations: elaborating the nursing care project encouraged other ways of providing care and implementing it, using Winnicottian concepts. It is recommended that training institutions consider the prison and the individuals there as a field in the learning process of health professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivos: informar la experiencia de elaborar e implementar proyecto asistencial de enfermería con madres y bebés en la cárcel. Métodos: se trata de relato de experiencia sobre proyecto asistencial de enfermería con madres e hijos en la prisión, teniendo como eje orientador conceptos winnicottianos sobre la relación madre-bebé. Resultados: se realizaron consultas de enfermería en puericultura, ruedas de conversación temáticas y confección de artefactos para el estímulo al desarrollo infantil, además de cuidados a la salud de la mujer. El impacto positivo del proyecto lo convirtió en un programa de educación en salud. Consideraciones Finales: elaborar el proyecto asistencial de enfermería estimuló otros modos de prestar cuidados e implementarlo, utilizando los conceptos winnicottianos, se mostró apropiado. Se recomienda que instituciones formadoras consideren la prisión y los individuos que allí están como campo del proceso de aprendizaje de los profesionales de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a experiência de elaborar e implementar o projeto assistencial de enfermagem com mães e bebês na prisão. Métodos: trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o projeto assistencial de enfermagem com mães e filhos na prisão, tendo como eixo norteador conceitos winnicottianos sobre a relação mãe-bebê. Resultados: foram realizadas consultas de enfermagem em puericultura, rodas de conversa temáticas e confecção de artefatos para o estímulo ao desenvolvimento infantil, além de cuidados à saúde da mulher. O impacto positivo do projeto tornou-o um programa de educação em saúde. Considerações Finais: elaborar o projeto assistencial de enfermagem estimulou outros modos de prestar cuidados e implementá-lo, utilizando os conceitos winnicottianos. Recomenda-se que instituições formadoras considerem a prisão e os indivíduos que lá estão como campo do processo de aprendizagem dos profissionais de saúde.

Shade coverage, ultraviolet radiation and children's physical activity in early childhood education and care.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between shade coverage in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres and pre-school children's physical activity, outdoor time and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. METHODS: A total of 48 ECEC centres (678 children) in the Western Australian Play Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) study took part. Physical activity at ECEC was measured using 7-day accelerometry. UVR exposure was measured using polysulphone film attached to children's shoulders. Educators reported time spent outdoors. The Shade Factor and remote sensing imagery captured shade coverage. RESULTS: Centre vegetation but not Shade Factor was significantly negatively associated with children's UVR exposure (p < 0.001). Higher levels of vegetation were associated with increased time outdoors, but higher levels of the Shade Factor were associated with decreased time outdoors (all p < 0.001). Neither shade measure was significantly associated with physical activity. Outdoor time moderated the relationships between shade measures, physical activity and UVR exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of shade, particularly through natural forms such as tree canopy, is an important sun protection strategy and enabler of outdoor time in children attending ECEC.

Improving nutrition and physical activity environments of family child care homes: the rationale, design and study protocol of the 'Healthy Start/Comienzos Sanos' cluster randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood is a crucial time to foster healthy eating and physical activity (PA) habits, which are critical for optimal child health, growth and development. Child care facilities are important settings to promote healthy eating and PA and prevent childhood obesity; however, almost all prior intervention studies have focused on child care centers and not family child care homes (FCCH), which care for over 1.6 million U.S. children. METHODS: This paper describes Healthy Start/Comienzos Sanos, a cluster-randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to improve nutrition and PA environments in English and Spanish-speaking FCCH. Eligible child care providers complete baseline surveys and receive a two-day FCCH observation of the home environment and provider practices. Parent-consented 2-5 year-old children are measured (height, weight, waist circumference), wear accelerometers and have their dietary intake observed during child care using validated protocols. FCCH providers are then randomly assigned to receive an 8-month intervention including written materials tailored to the FCCH providers' need and interest, videos, peer support coaching using brief motivational interviewing, and periodic group meetings focused on either nutrition and PA (Intervention) or reading readiness (Comparison). Intervention materials focus on evidence-based nutrition and physical activity best practices. The initial measures (surveys, two-day observation of the FCCH and provider practices, child diet observation, physical measures, and accelerometer) are assessed again 8 and 12 months after the intervention starts. Primary outcomes are children's diet quality (Healthy Eating Index), time in moderate and vigorous PA and sedentary PA during child care. Secondary outcomes include FCCH provider practices and foods served, and PA environments and practices. Possible mediators (provider attitudes, self-efficacy, barriers and facilitators) are also being explored. Process evaluation measures to assess reach, fidelity and dose, and their relationship with dietary and PA outcomes are included. DISCUSSION: Healthy Start/Comienzos Sanos fills an important gap in the field of childhood obesity prevention by rigorously evaluating an innovative multicomponent intervention to improve the nutrition and physical activity environments of FCCH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (# NCT02452645 ) ClinicalTrials.gov Trial registered on May 22, 2015.

Síndrome do choque tóxico em criança queimada: Relato de caso / Toxic shock syndrome in burned child: Case report / Síndrome de shock tóxico en niño quemado: Reporte de caso

Cerca de 6% das crianças com queimadura necessitam de internação hospitalar e a mortalidade por queimadura é superior nas crianças mais novas comparativamente às mais velhas. A síndrome do Choque Tóxico (SCT) é uma afecção rara e potencialmente fatal se não diagnosticada e tratada rapidamente. O caso a seguir mostra uma criança de 3 anos vítima de queimaduras de segundo e terceiro graus que evoluiu com SCT, além de uma breve discussão sobre os principais pontos-chave do diagnóstico e tratamento.

About 6% of children with burns require hospitalization and mortality from burns is higher in younger children compared to older ones. Toxic Shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare and potentially fatal condition if not diagnosed and treated quickly. The following case shows a three-year-old child suffering from second and third degree burns who evolved with TSS, as well as a brief discussion of the main key points of diagnosis and treatment.

Alrededor del 6% de los niños con quemaduras requieren hospitalización y la mortalidad por quemaduras es mayor en los niños más pequeños en comparación con los mayores. El síndrome de Shock Tóxico (SST) es una condición rara y potencialmente mortal si no se diagnostica y trata rápidamente. El siguiente caso muestra a un niño de 3 años víctima de quemaduras de segundo y tercer grado que evolucionó con SST, así como una breve discusión sobre los principales puntos clave del diagnóstico y el tratamiento.

The Quality of Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments of Family Child-Care Homes in a State in the Southern United States.

BACKGROUND: Family child-care homes (FCCHs) are an important provider of nonparental child care for low-income families. Little is known about the quality of nutrition and physical activity environments of FCCHs in the southern United States, where child obesity and child poverty levels are high. OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of the nutrition and physical activity environments of a sample of FCCHs in Mississippi and examine the differences by urban vs rural location. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Data were from a random sample of 134 FCCHs that enroll children aged 3 to 5 years. The sample was stratified by urban vs rural location and participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program. Providers completed a modified version of the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation-Self Report tool by mail and reported on provisions, practices, policies, and the general FCCH nutrition and physical activity environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A nutrition environment score (range=0 to18), physical activity environment score (range=0 to 24), and a combined nutrition and physical activity environment score (range=0 to 42) were calculated from Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation-Self Report tool data. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Descriptive statistics and t tests were computed, with statistical significance set at P≤0.05. RESULTS: Average scores for the nutrition, physical activity, and combined nutrition and physical activity environment were 9.4, 11.1, and 20.5, respectively. The average nutrition environment score (9.6 vs 9.2; P=0.39) and physical activity environment score (11.3 vs 11.0; P=0.62) did not differ between urban and rural homes. The combined nutrition and physical activity scores (20.8 vs 20.2; P=0.50) also did not differ between urban and rural homes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the need to improve the nutrition and physical activity environments of FCCHs, regardless of geographic location. Further research is needed to understand barriers to providing higher-quality nutrition and physical activity environments.

Maternal schizophrenia and out-of-home placements of offspring: A national follow-up study among Finnish women born 1965-1980 and their children.

Schizophrenia may affect a mother's ability to parent. We investigated out-of-home placements among children with a biological mother having schizophrenia, and their relation to maternal characteristics and adverse perinatal health outcomes of the offspring. For each Finnish woman born between 1 JAN 1965 - 31 DEC 1980 and diagnosed with schizophrenia before 31 DEC 2013 (n = 5214), five matched controls were randomly selected from the Finnish Central Population Register. Children born to these women were identified and followed till 31 DEC 2013. The Child Welfare Register, the Medical Birth Register and the Register of Congenital Malformations were used to gather information. Altogether 35.1% of children with an affected mother and 3.2% of control children were placed out of home during the follow-up. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of out-of-home placement among children with an affected mother was 12.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.80-13.46) when children with a non-affected mother served as a reference. Single motherhood (IRR 2.2, 95% Cl 1.88-2.60) and maternal smoking (IRR 1.9, 95% Cl 1.68-2.16), but not an adverse perinatal outcome of the offspring, increased the risk of out-of-home placement. To conclude, maternal schizophrenia is a strong risk factor for placement of children in out-of-home care.

Contribuições da Primeira Infância Melhor para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil na percepção das famílias / Contributions of Better Childhood for Growth and child development in family perception / Contribuciones de la Primera Infancia Mejor para el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil en la percepción de las familias

Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de las familias atendidas por la primera infancia mejor sobre su impacto en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño y el cuidado de la familia. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo realizado con 15 familias. Los datos fueron recogidos por entrevistas en Septiembre de 2016 seguido de análisis temático. Resultados: El crecimiento y el desarrollo son procesos que ocurren al mismo tiempo, reconocieron el apoyo de los visitantes, que las situaciones de vulnerabilidad y el cambio constante de los visitantes interfieren negativamente con el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, el programa ofrece oportunidades para construir el aprendizaje y el fortalecimiento una atención familiar efectiva. Conclusión: Se recomienda que la enfermería se incluye con el equipo interdisciplinario y que lo primera infancia mejor se visto en la atención primaria como una estrategia para fortalecer la promoción de la salud y la atención integral a los niños y sus familias

Objective: To know the perceptions of the families served by best childhood first about their repercussions on children's growth and development and on the family care of children. Methods: Qualitative study carried in the household of 15 families. Data were collected by semi structured interviews in September 2016 followed by analysis of thematic content. Results: They identified that growing and developing are processes that occur together, acknowledged the support of the visitors, that situations of vulnerability and the constant exchange of visitors interfere in the growth and development of children, that the program offers the construction of learning and strengthening of Effective family care. Conclusion: It is recommended that nursing be included in the interdisciplinary team, and that the best childhood first be visualized in primary care as a strategy capable of strengthening the promotion of health and the integral care for the child and his family

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções das famílias atendidas pelo Primeira Infância Melhor acerca de suas repercussões no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil e no cuidado familial das crianças. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado no domicílio de 15 famílias. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semi estruturadas, em setembro de 2016, seguidas da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Identificaram que crescer e se desenvolver são processos que ocorrem em conjunto, reconheceram o apoio dos visitadores, que situações de vulnerabilidade e a troca constante dos visitadores interferem negativamente no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, que o programa oportuniza a construção do aprendizado e fortalecimento de um cuidado familial efetivo. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que a enfermagem esteja incluída junto à equipe interdisciplinar, e que o Primeira Infância Melhor seja visualizado na atenção primária como uma estratégia capaz de fortalecer a promoção da saúde e a integralidade do cuidado à criança e sua família