Dance sports influence female university students' physical health in ethnic universities / Influência da dança esportiva sobre a saúde física das universitárias em universidades étnicas / Influencia de la danza deportiva en la salud física de las estudiantes en universitarias étnicas

ABSTRACT Introduction Ensuring healthy growth with high cultural quality in the population is an important part of Chinese revitalization. University students, as a group of high cultural quality, have the mission and responsibility entrusted by the state and the people. It is believed that these goals can be achieved by using sports dance, which has a wide range and high demands; dancers should have motor skills, physical qualities, understanding of the art of dress, and psychological balance as basic requirements. Objective To test and evaluate whether sports dance activities in physical education students are conducive to promoting students' healthy physical development. Methods This paper examines the influence of teaching sports dance on the physical health of female college students in Ethnic Colleges and its countermeasures. It also discusses the strategies for teaching sports dance to provide viable suggestions for follow-up dance instruction. Conclusion The combination of sports and femininity in exercise has a good fitness effect, improves the artistic feelings of college women, and is conducive to the healthy development of the physical quality of college women. Level of evidence III; Analysis based on alternatives and limited costs.

RESUMO Introdução Garantir o crescimento saudável com alta qualidade cultural na população é parte importante da revitalização chinesa. Estudantes universitários, como um grupo de alta qualidade cultural, possuem a missão e responsabilidade confiada pelo Estado e pelo povo. Acredita-se que essas metas possam ser alcançadas utilizando a dança esportiva, que tem um vasto leque e altas exigências nesse sentido, os dançarinos devem ter habilidades motoras, qualidades físicas, compreensão na arte de vestuário e equilíbrio psicológico, como requisitos básicos. Objetivo Testar e avaliar se as atividades de dança esportiva nos alunos de educação física são propícias na promoção do desenvolvimento físico saudável dos alunos. Métodos Este artigo analisa a influência do ensino de dança esportiva sobre a saúde física de universitárias em Faculdades Étnicas e suas contramedidas. Também se discute as estratégias de ensino da dança esportiva, a fim de fornecer sugestões viáveis para o ensino de dança de acompanhamento. Conclusão A combinação de esportes e feminilidade no exercício tem um bom efeito de aptidão física, melhora os sentimentos artísticos das universitárias e é propício ao desenvolvimento saudável da qualidade física das Universitárias. Nível de evidência III; Análises baseadas em alternativas e custos limitados.

RESUMEN Introducción Garantizar un crecimiento saludable con una alta calidad cultural en la población es una parte importante de la revitalización de China. Los universitarios, como grupo de alta calidad cultural, tienen la misión y la responsabilidad encomendadas por el Estado y el pueblo. Se cree que estos objetivos pueden alcanzarse mediante el uso de la danza deportiva, que tiene una amplia gama y altas exigencias en este sentido, los bailarines deben tener habilidades motoras, cualidades físicas, la comprensión en el arte de vestir y el equilibrio psicológico como requisitos básicos. Objetivo Comprobar y evaluar si las actividades de danza deportiva en los estudiantes de educación física favorecen el desarrollo físico saludable de los alumnos. Métodos Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la enseñanza de la danza deportiva en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias de los colegios étnicos y sus contramedidas. También se analizan las estrategias de enseñanza de la danza deportiva con el fin de ofrecer sugerencias viables para el seguimiento de la enseñanza de la danza. Conclusión La combinación de deporte y feminidad en el ejercicio tiene un buen efecto de aptitud física, mejora los sentimientos artísticos de las universitarias y favorece el desarrollo saludable de la calidad física de las universitarias. Nivel de evidencia III; análisis basado en alternativas y costes limitados.

Research on the influence of sport dance on physical health in national fitness exercise / Pesquisa sobre a influência da dança esportiva na saúde física no exercício de condicionamento físico nacional / Investigación sobre la influencia de la danza deportiva en la salud física en el ejercicio de acondicionamiento físico nacional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports dance is widely known as a competitive game, but as a leisure activity, there is little research on the efficacy of human health and fitness. Sports dance, as a popular national fitness exercise, has sound health promotion effects. At present, domestic and foreign researches mostly focus on the impact of sports dance on young men and women. Objective: This study will explore the influence of regular physical dance exercises on the body shape, function, and quality of middle-aged and older adults, provide a scientific basis for the role of physical dance in national fitness. Methods: This study recruited 20 healthy middle-aged and elderly members of a leisure sports dance club without professional dance experience for three months of dance training. The first two weeks are pre-experiments five times a week. Each exercise time is 60 minutes. The last ten weeks are formal experiments, two times a week, 90 minutes each time, and no other physical exercises are involved in everyday life. By comparing part of the body shape, physical function, and physical fitness index before and after the experiment, the impact of sports dance on middle-aged and older adults' healthy physical fitness is evaluated. Results: After three months of physical dance exercise with different dance styles, in male, BMI index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, and thigh circumference indicators all decreased, but there was no significant difference. In women, BMI index, body fat percentage (P<0.01), waist circumference (P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01), sitting body forward bending (P<0.05), and standing with one foot and closed eyes all increased. In women, the indexes of grip strength (P<0.01), forward bending in sitting position (P<0.055), and standing with eyes closed on one foot all increased. Conclusions: It is suggested that long-term moderate-intensity aerobic sport dance exercise can improve the body shape of middle-aged and older adults and help increase physical fitness; meanwhile, sports dance can effectively improve the cardiovascular function of middle-aged and elderly subjects. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A dança esportiva é amplamente conhecida como um jogo competitivo, mas como atividade de lazer, existem poucas pesquisas sobre sua eficácia na saúde e forma física humana. A dança esportiva, como exercício físico popular em âmbito nacional, tem importantes efeitos na promoção da saúde. Atualmente, a pesquisa nacional e estrangeira está focada principalmente no impacto da dança esportiva em jovens de ambos os sexos. Objetivo: Este estudo irá explorar a influência dos exercícios regulares de dança física na forma, função e qualidade do corpo de adultos mais velhos e de meia-idade, e fornecerá uma base científica para o papel da dança física no fitness nacional. Métodos: Este estudo recrutou 20 pessoas saudáveis, de meia-idade e idosos de um clube esportivo sem experiência profissional em dança durante três meses de treinamento. As primeiras duas semanas foram pré-experimentos cinco vezes por semana. Cada tempo de exercício foi de 60 minutos. As últimas dez semanas foram experimentos formais, duas vezes por semana, 90 minutos cada vez, sem nenhum outro exercício físico na vida cotidiana. Ao comparar a forma corporal, a função física e o índice de aptidão física antes e depois do experimento, o impacto da dança esportiva na aptidão física saudável de adultos mais velhos e de meia-idade é avaliado. Resultados: Após três meses de exercício físico de dança com diferentes estilos de dança, nos homens, o índice de IMC, o percentual de gordura corporal, a circunferência da cintura, a circunferência do quadril e a circunferência da coxa diminuíram, mas não houve diferença significativa. Nas mulheres, o índice de IMC, o percentual de gordura corporal (P <0,01), a circunferência da cintura (P <0,05), a pressão arterial diastólica (P <0,01), o corpo sentado inclinado para frente (P <0,05) e com um pés e olhos fechados aumentaram. Nas mulheres, os índices de força de preensão (P <0,01), de inclinação para a frente na posição sentada (P <0,055) e com um pé com os olhos fechados aumentaram. Conclusões: Sugere-se que o exercício de dança esportiva aeróbica de intensidade moderada de longa duração pode melhorar a forma corporal de adultos mais velhos e de meia idade e ajudar a aumentar a aptidão física; enquanto isso, a dança esportiva pode efetivamente melhorar a função cardiovascular de indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La danza deportiva es ampliamente conocida como un juego competitivo, pero como actividad de ocio hay poca investigación sobre la eficacia en la salud y el estado físico humanos. La danza deportiva, como ejercicio físico popular a nivel nacional, tiene importantes efectos en la promoción de la salud. En la actualidad, las investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras se centran principalmente en el impacto de la danza deportiva en hombres y mujeres jóvenes. Objetivo: Este estudio explorará la influencia de los ejercicios regulares de danza física en la forma, función y calidad del cuerpo de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad, y proporcionará una base científica para el papel de la danza física en la aptitud nacional. Métodos: Este estudio reclutó a 20 miembros sanos de mediana edad y ancianos de un club deportivo sin experiencia profesional en danza durante tres meses de entrenamiento. Las dos primeras semanas eran experimentos previos cinco veces por semana. Cada tiempo de ejercicio fue de 60 minutos. Las últimas diez semanas eran experimentos formales, dos veces por semana, 90 minutos cada vez, sin otros ejercicios físicos en la vida cotidiana. Al comparar la forma del cuerpo, la función física y el índice de aptitud física antes y después del experimento, se evalúa el impacto de la danza deportiva en la aptitud física saludable de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad. Resultados: Después de tres meses de ejercicio físico de baile con diferentes estilos de baile, en los hombres, el índice de IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura, la circunferencia de la cadera y la circunferencia del muslo disminuyeron, pero no hubo diferencia significativa. En las mujeres, el índice de IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (P <0.01), la circunferencia de la cintura (P <0.05), la presión arterial diastólica (P <0.01), el cuerpo sentado inclinado hacia adelante (P <0.05) y con un pie y ojos cerrados aumentaron. En las mujeres, aumentaron los índices de fuerza de agarre (P <0.01), de inclinación hacia adelante en posición sentada (P <0.055) y con un pie con los ojos cerrados. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que el ejercicio de danza deportiva aeróbica de intensidad moderada a largo plazo puede mejorar la forma del cuerpo de los adultos mayores y de mediana edad y ayudar a aumentar la aptitud física; mientras tanto, la danza deportiva puede mejorar eficazmente la función cardiovascular de sujetos de mediana edad y ancianos. Nivel de evidencia II;Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research on the application of sport dance in colleges and universities in the healthy development of sports / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação da dança esportiva nas universidades no desenvolvimento saudável dos esportes / Estudio sobre la aplicación de la danza deportiva en las universidades en el desarrollo saludable de los deportes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Immunity is closely related to health. When the body's immunity is strong, it is healthy. On the contrary, various diseases appear. Sports dance is an entertainment and fitness sports project that integrates sports, music, aesthetics, and dance, the body movement dance as the necessary content and two-person or collective exercises as the primary form of exercise. Studies have shown that long-term adherence to Tai Chi exercise can significantly increase the serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, and IgM levels. Objective: The paper explores the effect of physical dance exercise on serum immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets of college students. Methods: The thesis randomly selected 16 male and female students in the first-grade physical dance optional course of public physical education as the experimental group. They performed physical dance exercises three times a week, 40 minutes each time, and the training intensity was controlled at a heart rate of 135-150 beats/min. Ten weeks; besides, 16 male and female students in the first grade were selected as the control group, and no physical dance exercise was performed; all the subjects were drawn from the elbow venous blood on an empty stomach at the same time before and after the experiment to measure serum immunoglobulin and T lymph Cell subpopulation content. Results: After ten weeks of sports dance training, the serum immunoglobulin IgG of both men and women in the experimental group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the CD4+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocyte subgroups showed extremely significant and significant increases (P <0.01, P<0.05), serum IgM tended to increase, IgA, CD8+% tended to decrease, but there was no significant change. Conclusions: Long-term physical dance exercise can improve the body's immune function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: la inmunidad está estrechamente relacionado con la salud. Cuando la inmunidad del cuerpo es fuerte éste está sano. En caso contrario, aparecen diversas enfermedades. La danza deportiva é um projeto de entretenimiento y fitness que integra el deporte, la música, la estética y la danza, el movimiento corporal como contenido necesario y los ejercicios de das personas ou colectivos como forma principal de ejercicio. Los estudios han demonstraram que a adesão a largo plazo al ejercicio de Tai Chi pode aumentar também os niveles séricos de imunoglobulina IgA, IgG e IgM. Objetivo: O artigo explora o efeito do exercício físico de danza em subconjuntos de imunoglobulina sérica e linfocitos T de estudiantes universitários. Métodos: Para que a tese seja selecionada aleatoriamente, 16 ex-alunos e ex-alunos do curso optativo de danza física de primer grado de educação física pública como grupo experimental. Realizaron ejercicios de danza física tres veces por semana, 40 minutes cada vez, y la intensidad del entrenamiento se controló a una frecuencia cardíaca de 135-150 latidos/min. durante as semanas; además, se selecionar 16 alumnos y alumnas de primer grado como group de control, el que no realizó ningún ejercicio físico de danza. A todos os sujetos se les extrajo sangre venosa del codo com o estómago vacío, durante, antes e depois do experimento para medir o conteúdo da subpoblación de células T y de imunoglobulina sérica. Resultados: Después de diez semanas de entrenamiento de danza deportiva, la imunoglobulina IgG sérica de hombres y mujeres en el grupo experimental aumentó complementar (P <0,01), y la proporción CD4 +% y CD4 +/CD8 + de los subgrupos de linfocitos T mostró incrementos extremadamente provados. (P <0,01,P <0,05), la IgM sérica tendió a aumentar, la IgA, CD8 +% tendió a disminuir, mas nenhum hubo cambio projetado. Conclusiones: El ejercicio de danza física a largo plazo puede mejorar la función inmunológica del cuerpo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los results del tratamiento.

RESUMEN Introducción: la inmunidad está estrechamente relacionada con la salud. Cuando la inmunidad del cuerpo es fuerte éste está sano. En caso contrario, aparecen diversas enfermedades. La danza deportiva es un proyecto de entretenimiento y fitness que integra el deporte, la música, la estética y la danza, el movimiento corporal como contenido necesario y los ejercicios de dos personas o colectivos como forma principal de ejercicio. Los estudios han demostrado que la adherencia a largo plazo al ejercicio de Tai Chi puede aumentar significativamente los niveles séricos de inmunoglobulina IgA, IgG e IgM. Objetivo: El artículo explora el efecto del ejercicio físico de danza en subconjuntos de inmunoglobulina sérica y linfocitos T de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Para la tesis se seleccionaron aleatoriamente a 16 alumnos y alumnas del curso optativo de danza física de primer grado de educación física pública como grupo experimental. Realizaron ejercicios de danza física tres veces por semana, 40 minutos cada vez, y la intensidad del entrenamiento se controló a una frecuencia cardíaca de 135-150 latidos/min. durante diez semanas; además, se seleccionaron 16 alumnos y alumnas de primer grado como grupo de control, el que no realizó ningún ejercicio físico de danza. A todos los sujetos se les extrajo sangre venosa del codo con el estómago vacío, durante, antes y después del experimento para medir el contenido de la subpoblación de células T y de inmunoglobulina sérica. Resultados: Después de diez semanas de entrenamiento de danza deportiva, la inmunoglobulina IgG sérica de hombres y mujeres en el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente (P <0.01), y la proporción CD4 +% y CD4 + / CD8 + de los subgrupos de linfocitos T mostró incrementos extremadamente significativos. (P <0.01, P <0.05), la IgM sérica tendió a aumentar, la IgA, CD8 +% tendió a disminuir, pero no hubo cambios significativos. Conclusiones: El ejercicio de danza física a largo plazo puede mejorar la función inmunológica del cuerpo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Cardiac autonomic modulation response and functional capacity in older women / Respuesta de la modulación autonómica cardíaca y capacidad funcional en mujeres mayores / Resposta da modulação autonômica cardíaca e capacidade funcional em mulheres idosas

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze cardiac autonomic modulation response and functional capacity in physically active older women. Methods: Seventy-five older women (60-70 years) from the community were divided into the following groups: sedentary (n=19), hydro-gymnastics (n=18), pilates (n=19), and dance (n=19). Blood pressure, body composition, heart rate variability, and functional capacity were assessed for the characterization of the groups at rest and 48 hours after the last physical exercise session. Results: The sedentary group presented higher waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate compared to the other groups (p<0.05). It was also observed that the dance group presented better functional capacity and VO2peak scores (all p<0.05). Regarding cardiac autonomic modulation, both dance and pilates groups demonstrated better RMSSD (26.71 ± 9.07 and 29.82 ± 7.16, respectively; p<0.05), LF (45.79 ± 14.81 and 45.95 ± 15.16 n.u., respectively; p<0.05), and LF/HF (0.92 ± 0.56 and 0.58 ± 0.26, respectively; p<0.05) scores. In the symbolic analysis, the dance group had a greater predominance of parasympathetic autonomic modulation than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results conclude that physically active elderly women, practicing hydro-gymnastics, pilates or dance, presented physiological benefits, such as better functional capacity and improvements in hemodynamic variables and autonomic cardiac modulation. In addition, the group that practiced dance presented greater parasympathetic modulation, as well as greater functional capacity, when compared to the other modalities. Level of evidence: I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la respuesta de la modulación autonómica cardíaca y la capacidad funcional en mujeres mayores físicamente activas. Métodos: Setenta y cinco mujeres mayores (60 a 70 años) de la comunidad fueron divididas en los siguientes grupos: sedentaria (n = 19), hidrogimnasia (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) y danza (n = 19). La presión arterial, la composición corporal, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la capacidad funcional fueron evaluadas para la caracterización de los grupos en reposo y 48 horas después de la última sesión de ejercicio físico. Resultados: El grupo sedentario presentó mayor relación cintura-cadera, presión arterial diastólica y frecuencia cardíaca en reposo cuando comparado a los otros grupos (p <0,05). Se observó que el grupo de danza presentó mejores puntajes de capacidad funcional y VO2Pico (todos p <0,05). Con relación a la modulación autonómica cardíaca, los grupos de danza y pilates demostraron mejores puntajes para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 y 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p <0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 y 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p <0,05), y LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 y 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p <0,05). En el análisis simbólico, el grupo de danza presentó mayor predominancia de la modulación autonómica parasimpática que los demás grupos (p <0,05). Conclusión: Esos resultados concluyen que las mujeres mayores físicamente activas, practicantes de hidrogimnasia, pilates o danza, tienen beneficios fisiológicos, como mejor capacidad funcional y mejora de las variables hemodinámicas y de la modulación cardíaca autonómica. Además, el grupo que practicaba danza tuvo mayor modulación parasimpática y mayor capacidad funcional cuando comparado con las otras modalidades. Nivel de evidencia: I; STARD: estudios de precisión diagnóstica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a resposta da modulação autonômica cardíaca e a capacidade funcional em idosas fisicamente ativas. Métodos: Setenta e cinco mulheres idosas (60 a 70 anos) da comunidade foram divididas nos seguintes grupos: sedentária (n = 19), hidroginástica (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) e dança (n = 19). A pressão arterial, a composição corporal, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e a capacidade funcional foram avaliadas para a caracterização dos grupos em repouso e 48 horas depois da última sessão de exercício físico. Resultados: O grupo sedentário apresentou maior relação cintura-quadril, pressão arterial diastólica e frequência cardíaca em repouso quando comparado aos outros grupos (p <0,05). Observou-se também que o grupo da dança apresentou melhores escores de capacidade funcional e VO2pico (todos p < 0,05). Com relação à modulação autonômica cardíaca, os grupos de dança e pilates demonstraram melhores escores para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 e 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p < 0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 e 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p<0,05) e LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 e 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p < 0,05). Na análise simbólica, o grupo da dança apresentou maior predominância da modulação autonômica parassimpática do que os demais grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Esses resultados concluem que idosas fisicamente ativas praticantes de hidroginástica, pilates ou dança, têm benefícios fisiológicos, como melhor capacidade funcional e melhora das variáveis hemodinâmicas e da modulação cardíaca autonômica. Além disso, o grupo que praticava dança teve maior modulação parassimpática e maior capacidade funcional quando comparado com outras modalidades. Nível de evidência: I; STARD: estudos de precisão diagnóstica.

A large-scale observational study linking various kinds of physical exercise to lipoprotein-lipid profile.

BACKGROUND: Being a major cardiovascular risk factor, dyslipidemia is a critical problem in public health. Recommendations in performing regular physical exercise are important to prevent dyslipidemia. METHODS: Based on a discovery cohort with 27,735 subjects and a replication cohort with 67,512 subjects, we evaluated the associations of regularly performing 23 exercises with 4 dyslipidemia indices measured from serum, including triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TG/HDL-C ratio. Regular exercise was defined as performing 30 min of "exercise" three times a week. "Exercise" includes leisure-time activities such as jogging, swimming, etc. Sex, age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and education level were adjusted in all statistical analyses. RESULTS: Among the 23 exercises, only jogging was associated with a decreased level of TG (95% confidence interval [C.I.] = 5.9-14.5 mg/dL) and TG/HDL-C ratio (95% C.I. = 0.22-0.49). A total of 5 exercises were associated with an increased level of HDL-C, including jogging (95% C.I. = 2.1-3.3 mg/dL), swimming (95% C.I. = 1.6-3.3 mg/dL), dance dance revolution (95% C.I. = 1.5-3.4 mg/dL), international standard dancing (95% C.I. = 1.0-2.7 mg/dL), and cycling (95% C.I. = 0.6-1.8 mg/dL). These significant findings were further well replicated in the cohort of 67,512 subjects. CONCLUSION: Regular jogging was not only associated with an increased level of HDL-C, but also the only one exercise associated with a decreased level of TG and TG/HDL-C ratio. Nonetheless, jogging may be difficult to engage in for subjects with limited exercise capacity. We here found that swimming, dancing, and cycling are also significantly associated with an increased level of HDL-C. People who are seeking exercise to improve their lipoprotein-lipid profiles can have other choices now.

Women's Foot Health-Related Quality of Life in Ballet Dancers and Nondancers.

BACKGROUND: Prevalence and severity of symptoms related to muscle and joint pain seem to be high in most dancers. HYPOTHESIS: There will be a worse quality of life related to foot health for ballet dancers compared with nondancers. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. METHODS: A sample of 156 women was recruited from a clinic of podiatric medicine and surgery. Self-reported data were measured by the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), which has 33 questions that assess 8 health domains of the feet and general health, namely, foot pain, foot function, general foot health, footwear, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were shown for foot pain, foot function, foot health, and general health, which together revealed a worse foot health-related quality of life (lower FHSQ scores) but a better general health (higher FHSQ scores) for ballet dancers compared with nondancers. The remaining domains did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). According to multivariate linear regression models (P < 0.05), the practice of ballet dance (group) was the only independent variable that predicted the dependent variables, such as foot pain (R2 = 0.052;ß = +8.349), foot function (R2 = 0.108; ß = +11.699), foot health (R2 = 0.039; ß = +10.769), and general health (R2 = 0.019; ß = -6.795). CONCLUSION: Ballet dancers showed a negative impact on quality of life related to foot health but better overall quality of life (general health) compared with nondancers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Paying attention to a dancer's foot health could provide important benefits for the dancer's foot health and physical practice of dance.

Zumba dancing and aerobic exercise can improve working memory, motor function, and depressive symptoms in female patients with Fibromyalgia.

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from the Fibromyalgia (FM) have impaired cognitive function, reduced physical activity and more marked depressive symptoms. While physical activity and exercise therapy are not typically part of the standard treatment for this syndrome, there is mounting evidence that regular participation in activities involving physical exertion has a positive impact on psychological functioning in people with FM. This study compares the impact of two different interventions, aerobic exercise training and Zumba dancing, on working memory, motor function and depressive symptoms among female patients with FM. The design also included a control condition. METHOD: A total of sixty middle-aged female patients with FM (mean age: 35.76 years) and undergoing standard care took part in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions: aerobic exercise training, Zumba dancing, or control. At baseline and 12 weeks later after the end of the intervention, participants' working memory, motor function and depressive symptom severity were assessed. RESULTS: Working memory, motor function and depressive symptoms improved over time, but only in the aerobic exercise training and Zumba dancing conditions than in the control condition. Post-hoc analyses showed that improvements were greatest among participants assigned to Zumba dancing, followed by participants who engaged in aerobic exercise training; the scores of the control group remained virtually unchanged. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise training and Zumba dancing can be recommended as add-ons to standard care to improve working memory and to reduce severity of depressive symptoms among female patients with FM. Although motor function improved in both intervention groups, the effects did not reach clinical relevance.

Dance Training Improves Cytokine Secretion and Viability of Neutrophils in Diabetic Patients.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that exercise improves neutrophil function. The decreased functional longevity of neutrophils and their increased clearance from infectious sites contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and severity of infection observed in patients with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: Herein, we investigated the effects of a dance program on neutrophil number, function, and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS: Ten patients with T2DM and twelve healthy individuals participated in a moderate-intensity dance training program for 4 months. The plasma levels of leptin, free fatty acids (FFAs), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra); neutrophil counts; extent of DNA fragmentation; cell membrane integrity; and production of TNF-α, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1ß in neutrophils were measured before and after training. RESULTS: Training reduced plasma levels of TNF-α (1.9-fold in controls and 2.2-fold in patients with T2DM) and CRP (1.4-fold in controls and 3.4-fold in patients with T2DM). IL-1ra levels were higher in the control group (2.2-fold) after training. After training, neutrophil DNA fragmentation was decreased in patients with T2DM (90%), while the number of neutrophils increased (70% in controls and 1.1-fold in patients with T2DM). CONCLUSION: Dance training is a nonpharmacological strategy to reduce inflammation and improve neutrophil clearance in patients with T2DM.

The Effects of 12 Weeks of a Combined Exercise Program on Physical Function and Hormonal Status in Elderly Korean Women.

Aging causes a decline in physical function and hormonal balance. Exercise can improve these parameters. However, the beneficial effects of a combined exercise program (Korean dance and yoga) on physical function and hormonal status in elderly women remain unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and hormonal status in elderly Korean women. Twenty-five healthy elderly women were recruited and randomly divided into the control (CON) and exercise (EXE) groups. The EXE group underwent the combined exercise program (60 min/day and 3 times/week) for 12 weeks. The two groups did not differ in body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, body fat percentage, or body mass index at baseline or in the changes following the experimental conditions. A significant time × group interaction was detected for anterior and posterior dynamic balance, static balance, and growth hormone (GH). After the combined exercise program, anterior dynamic balance, posterior dynamic balance, static balance, flexibility, muscle strength, GH, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and estrogen significantly increased in the EXE group compared to the CON group. In conclusion, the combined exercise program contributed to improvements in overall health, including physical function and hormonal status, in elderly Korean women.

Influence of adapted hip-hop dancing on quality of life and social participation among children/adolescents with cerebral palsy / Influência da dança hip-hop adaptada na qualidade de vida e na participação social de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral

ABSTRACT To describe the influence of adapted hip-hop dancing on the quality of life (QoL) and biopsychosocial profile of children/adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Pilot study including 18 children/adolescents with CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II. Nine participants took part in an adapted hip-hop dance practice (study group; SG), and nine others served as the control group (CG). All participants were assessed with the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and the Child Behavior Checklist at baseline and after at least three months of dance practice and a public performance (SG) or a similar period without intervention (CG). Results Improvement in QoL was observed in the SG in the domains of transfer and basic mobility (p = 0.00*), sporting and physical function (p = 0.04*), and global function and symptoms (p = 0.01*). In the SG, there was a reduction in emotional and behavioral problems and an increase in social competence in the biopsychosocial profile. Greater participation in adapted hip-hop dancing was associated with a greater gain in the transfer and basic mobility domains (p = 0.05*) of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and in the activities (p = 0.05*) and social (p = 0.04*) scales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Conclusions Children/adolescents with CP participating in adapted hip-hop dance practice showed improvement in QoL and biopsychosocial profile scores.

RESUMO Descrever a influência da dança hip-hop adaptada na qualidade de vida (QV) e no perfil biopsicossocial de crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC). Método Estudo piloto incluindo 18 crianças/adolescentes com PC, níveis I e II no Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa. Nove participaram da prática de dança hip-hop adaptada (grupo de estudo; GE) e nove outros compuseram o grupo controle (GC). Os participantes foram avaliados pelo Instrumento Avaliação de Resultados de Reabilitação em Pediatria e pelo Child Behavior Checklist antes e após frequentarem pelo menos três meses de aulas de dança semanais e realizarem uma apresentação ao público (GE) ou período similar sem intervenção (GC). Resultados A melhora da QV foi observada no GE nos domínios: transferência e mobilidade básica (p = 0,00*), função física e esportiva (p = 0,04*), função global e sintomas (p = 0,01*). Na análise do perfil biopsicossocial, houve redução dos problemas emocionais e comportamentais e aumento da competência social no GE. Maior participação na prática esteve associada a maior ganho nos domínios transferência e mobilidade básica (p = 0,05*) do Instrumento Avaliação de Resultados de Reabilitação em Pediatria e nas escalas de atividades (p = 0,05*) e sociais (p = 0,04*) do Child Behavior Checklist. Conclusão A prática de dança hip-hop adaptada proporcionou melhora nos escores de QV e do perfil biopsicossocial de crianças e adolescentes com PC.

Dependence on Nicotine and Subjective Quality of Sleep in Conservatory Dance Students.

There is a high incidence of tobacco use and sleep-related problems among dancers; however, data that explore this interaction in dance students are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze nicotine dependence based on the subjective quality of sleep reported by dance students. A total of 116 conservatory students participated in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were used to collect data in November 2017. Of the sample, 59.5% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI scores > 5) with no difference according to gender (p = 0.092), while 20.7% said they smoked, again with no gender difference (p = 0.305). In comparison with non-smokers, smokers scored higher on the PSQI (p = 0.001), slept fewer hours (p = 0.05), took longer to fall asleep (p = 0.001), had worse sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), and more diurnal dysfunctions due to sleep deprivation (p = 0.023). In comparison with non-smokers there was a risk [OR = 4.39] of smokers presenting with poor sleep quality. It is concluded that the data support the need to consider tobacco use and sleep problems in conservatory training programs in order to improve the health and performance of dance students.

Endocrine parameters in association with bone mineral accrual in young female vocational ballet dancers.

Less is known on bone mass gains in dancers involved in vocational dance training. The present study found that, as young vocational dancers progress on their professional training, their bone health remains consistently lower compared to non-exercising controls. Endocrine mechanisms do not seem to explain these findings. PURPOSE: Little is known on bone mass development in dancers involved in vocational training. The aim of the present study was to model bone mineral content (BMC) accruals and to determine whether circulating levels of oestrogens, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) explain differences in bone mass gains between vocational dance students and matched controls. METHODS: The total of 67 vocational female dancers (VFDs) and 68 aged-matched controls (12.1 ± 1.9 years and 12.7 ± 2.0 years at baseline, respectively) were followed for two consecutive years (34 VFD and 31 controls remained in the study for the full duration). BMC was evaluated annually at impact [femoral neck (FN); lumbar spine (LS)] and non-impact sites (forearm) using DXA. Anthropometry, age at menarche (questionnaire), and hormone serum concentrations (immunoradiometric assays) were also assessed for the same period. RESULTS: VFD demonstrated consistently reduced body weight (p < 0.001) and BMC at all three anatomical sites (p < 0.001) compared to controls throughout the study period. Menarche, body weight, GH, and IGF-1 were significantly associated with bone mass changes over time (p < 0.05) but did not explain group differences in BMC gains at impact sites (p > 0.05). However, body weight did explain the differences between groups in terms of BMC gains at the forearm (non-impact site). CONCLUSION: Two consecutive years of vocational dance training revealed that young female dancers demonstrate consistently lower bone mass compared to controls at both impact and non-impact sites. The studied endocrine parameters do not seem to explain group differences in terms of bone mass gains at impact sites.

Body composition and dairy intake in sedentary employees who participated in a healthy program based on nutrition education and Zumba.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The dairy intake is associated with body composition; however, its effect is controversial and remains unknown in relation to exercise interventions as Zumba Fitness®. Thus, we analyzed the body composition and its relation to dairy intake in sedentary employees who participated in a healthy program based on nutrition education and Zumba Fitness®. METHODS: Sixty-nine sedentary employees (age = 38.41 ± 7.45-yr, 81.16% women) participated in a healthy program (16-weeks) based on nutrition education (2 sessions, 1st and 10th week) and Zumba Fitness® (ZF) exercise programs [2 interventions: a) ZF, 1 h of ZF/3 day/week; b) ZF + BW, 1 h of ZF/3 day/week plus 20 min of bodyweight training]. Body composition (body weight, height, BMI, waist-hip index, ∑6-skinfolds, fat mass and muscle mass), blood pressure and dairy intake (milk, yogurt and cheese) were assessed at baseline and after interventions. Participants were categorized into normal weight (NW, BMI = 18.5-24.9 Kg/m2) and excess weight (EW, BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2). Dairy intake and changes in BMI (ΔBMI = BMI after intervention-BMI at baseline) were divided into tertiles (T). RESULTS: Only muscle mass (Kg) differed between ZF and ZF + BW (baseline and 16-weeks). Anthropometric indicators of adiposity were lower in NW than EW group (baseline). The ∑6-skinfolds and fat-mass decreased, while muscle mass increased in ZF and ZF + BW, and in NW and EW groups (16-weeks). The most consumed dairy was milk (baseline). Participants of T1 of cheese intake (baseline) had a higher reduction in BMI (0.42 ± 0.56 vs 0.62 ± 1.42 Kg/m2) and in ∑6-skinfolds (40.23 ± 13.13 vs 23.51 ± 10.84 mm) than individuals in T3 (16-weeks). Employees who presented higher weight loss (T3, BMI decrease > 0.50 Kg/m2) consumed lower cheese than the weight gain group (T1, BMI increase ≥ 0.33 Kg/m2) (baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy programs based on nutrition education and Zumba Fitness® improve body composition both in EW and NW sedentary employees. ZF is as effective as ZF + BW. A lower cheese intake, at baseline, but not milk or yogurt, was related to a weight loss.

Genetic variation in Wnt/ß-catenin and ER signalling pathways in female and male elite dancers and its associations with low bone mineral density: a cross-section and longitudinal study.

The association of genetic polymorphisms with low bone mineral density in elite athletes have not been considered previously. The present study found that bone mass phenotypes in elite and pre-elite dancers are related to genetic variants at the Wnt/ß-catenin and ER pathways. INTRODUCTION: Some athletes (e.g. gymnasts, dancers, swimmers) are at increased risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) which, if untreated, can lead to osteoporosis. To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathways with low BMD in elite and pre-elite dancers (impact sport athletes). METHODS: The study included three phases: (1) 151 elite and pre-elite dancers were screened for the presence of low BMD and traditional osteoporosis risk factors (low body weight, menstrual disturbances, low energy availability); (2) a genetic association study was conducted in 151 elite and pre-elite dancers and age- and sex- controls; (3) serum sclerostin was measured in 101 pre-elite dancers and age- and sex-matched controls within a 3-year period. RESULTS: Eighty dancers revealed low BMD: 56.3% had at least one traditional osteoporosis risk factor, whereas 28.6% did not display any risk factor (37.2% revealed traditional osteoporosis risk factors, but had normal BMD). Body weight, menstrual disturbances and energy availability did not fully predict bone mass acquisition. Instead, genetic polymorphisms in the ER and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways were found to be risk factors for low BMD in elite dancers. Sclerostin was significantly increased in dancers compared to controls during the 3-year follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elite and pre-elite dancers demonstrate high prevalence of low BMD, which is likely related to genetic variants at the Wnt/ß-catenin and ER pathways and not to factors usually associated with BMD in athletes (body weight, menstrual disturbances, energy deficiency).

Physical Therapy Rehabilitation of an Adolescent Preprofessional Dancer Following Os Trigonum Excision: A Case Report.

Study Design Case report. Background An os trigonum can be a source of pain for dancers due to impingement during repetitive ankle plantar flexion movements. Following excision of an os trigonum, it is important to have a gradual, progressive return-to-dance program for optimal recovery. The purpose of this case report is to describe the postoperative management and return-to-dance progression of an adolescent dancer post os trigonum excision. Case Description An adolescent preprofessional female dancer had an extensive history of left posterior heel pain, beginning at age 8, that led to surgical removal of an os trigonum at age 15. Post surgery, the patient was seen for a total of 22 visits over the course of 20 weeks. Treatment included therapeutic exercises, neuromuscular re-education, and manual therapy. Return-to-dance tests and guidelines were used to safely progress to full, unrestricted dance participation. Outcomes The dancer had a full return of ankle range of motion, strength, and balance, improved patient-reported outcome scores, and was able to fully return to dance participation. Discussion Treating a dancer following os trigonum excision should involve a screen for hypermobility, clear communication with the dance instructor, awareness of dance-specific biomechanics, and proper reintegration into dance participation. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(3):194-203. Epub 7 Nov 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7508.

Análise do tempo de reação e a correlação com quedas e seus danos em idosos / Analysis of reaction time and correlation with falls and their damage in the elderly

O tempo de reação é a capacidade de reagir com maior rapidez de movimento, de acordo com o condicionamento específico. Sabe-se que com envelhecimento ocorre diminuição das respostas aos estímulos externos podendo acarretar quedas, cuja prevenção se deve a manutenção do equilíbrio postural, o qual responde imediatamente aos estímulos visando manter a posição do corpo sobre sua base de apoio, seja ela estacionária ou móvel. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a importância da dança, atividade física que envolve tempo de reação, na prevenção de quedas em idosos. Metodologia: trata-se estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 120 idosas com idades entre 65 e 75 anos, divididos em dois grupos: Praticante de dança regular e não praticantes de atividade física. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado o questionário avaliando Atividade Física e Queda; (AFQ) e para medição do tempo de reação foi utilizado a plataforma de contato (Just Jump System, Probotics INC.) visando medir tempo de reação. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t student, sendo considerados significantes os valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: O grupo que praticava regularmente a dança apresentou menor Tempo de Reação frente ao outro que não realizava atividade física, em comparação ao quantitativo de quedas apresentando significância p < 0,0001, demonstrando que teve maior número de quedas. Conclusão: Acreditamos que este estudo possa vir a contribuir para diminuição de hospitalização, pois com a melhora do tempo de reação proveniente do seu treinamento, favorecerá ao idoso, a capacidade de resposta imediata ao estímulo, reduzindo a possibilidade de quedas

Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and substance use and misuse among professional ballet dancers: Preliminary analysis.

BACKGROUND: Substance use and misuse (SUM), eating disorders (ED) and consequent amenorrhea (AM) occur frequently in professional ballet dancing. The objective of this study has been to explore the prevalence and association between ED, AM and SUM in ballet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised 21 ballet dancers, 23.1±4.5 years old, members of the professional National Ballet Ensemble from Croatia. Variables were collected by questionnaires examining SUM, occurrence of amenorrhea, and corresponding ballet-specific and socio-demographic factors (Questionnaire on Substance Use - QSU) and the level of ED (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire - BEDA-Q). RESULTS: Smoking is prevalent in 40% of dancers (25% smoke on a daily basis), 36% often use analgesics, and 25% engage in binge drinking at least once a month. Smoking and binge drinking are less frequent in ballerinas with a higher academic level (r = 0.60 and r = 0.54 for binge drinking and smoking, respectively; p < 0.05). Alcohol drinking is higher among dancers who consume analgesics more often and those with a higher BEDA-Q score (r = 0.53 and r = 0.54 for analgesics and BEDA-Q, respectively; p < 0.05). Amenorrhea is more prevalent among those dancers with a higher BEDA-Q score. Women who consume nutritional supplements are less likely to use analgesics (Mann Whitney U test = 2.11; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts seeking to prevent ED in ballet should target dancers who consume alcohol to a greater extent. Future studies should specifically explore the less frequent consumption of analgesics among dancers who consume nutritional supplements.

Characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injury in professional and non-professional ballet dancers

BACKGROUND: Ballet is a high-performance activity that requires an advanced level of technical skills. Ballet places great stress on tendons, muscles, bones, and joints and may act directly as a trigger of injury by overuse. OBJECTIVES: 1) to describe the main types of injuries and affected areas related to classical ballet and 2) to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal injuries among professional and non-professional ballet dancers, considering possible gender differences among the professional dancers. METHOD: A total of 110 questionnaires were answered by professional and non-professional dancers. The questionnaire contained items related to the presence of injury, the regions involved, and the mechanism of the injury. RESULTS: We observed a high frequency of musculoskeletal injuries, with ankle sprains accounting for 69.8% of injuries in professional dancers and 42.1% in non-professional dancers. Pirouettes were the most frequent mechanism of injury in professional dancers, accounting for 67.9% of injuries, whereas in the non-professional dancers, repetitive movement was the most common mechanism (28.1%). Ankle sprains occurred in 90% of the women's injuries, and muscle sprains occurred in 54.5% of the men's injuries. The most frequent injury location was the ankle joint in both sexes among the professional dancers, with 67.6% in women and 40.9% in men. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the mechanism of injury and time of practice may contribute to better therapeutic action aimed at the proper function of the dancers' bodies and improved performance by these athletes.

Dancing Participation and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 11 Population-Based British Cohorts.

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about whether cardiovascular benefits vary by activity type. Dance is a multidimensional physical activity of psychosocial nature. The study aimed to examine the association between dancing and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS: A cohort study pooled 11 independent population surveys in the United Kingdom from 1995 to 2007, analyzed in 2014. Participants were 48,390 adults aged ≥40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and consented to be linked to the National Death Registry. Respondents reported participation in light- or moderate-intensity dancing and walking in the past 4 weeks. Physical activity amount was calculated based on frequency, duration, and intensity of participation in various types of exercise. The main outcome was cardiovascular disease mortality based on ICD-9 codes 390-459 or ICD-10 codes I01-I99. RESULTS: During 444,045 person-years, 1,714 deaths caused by cardiovascular disease were documented. Moderate-intensity, but not light-intensity, dancing and walking were both inversely associated with cardiovascular disease mortality. In Cox regression models, the hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease mortality, adjusted for age, sex, SES, smoking, alcohol, BMI, chronic illness, psychosocial distress, and total physical activity amount, were 0.54 (95% CI=0.34, 0.87) for moderate-intensity dancing and 0.67 (95% CI=0.52, 0.87) for moderate-intensity walking. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-intensity dancing was associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease mortality to a greater extent than walking. The association between dance and cardiovascular disease mortality may be explained by high-intensity bouts during dancing, lifelong adherence, or psychosocial benefits.