Qualitative Analysis of Opinions and Beliefs Associated with the Use of Tobacco Dentifrice among Individuals Attending a Tobacco Counselling Session.

BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is positively associated with oral, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers. The tobacco dentifrice is a type of SLT which is applied to the teeth and gums. It is available in different forms which include mishri, gul/gulmanjan, gudhaku, snuff, red tooth powder, and creamy snuff. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions and beliefs associated with the harmful effects of tobacco dentifrice use. METHODOLOGY: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted among tobacco dentifrice users visiting a dental hospital. The data were coded and analysed using thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti software 8. RESULTS: A total of 11 codes and six categories were generated which comprised of the reason for the initiation, awareness of health effects, perception of oral tobacco application, perception of quitting, the reason for continued use, and use in society. Family, peers, access to the product, curiosity were important factors to initiate the tobacco dentifrice use. Participants believed in the myth that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for the teeth, gums, and bowel movements. The participants considered tobacco dentifrice to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco. However, some participants were aware of its adverse effects on health and have tried to quit in the past. None of the participants had taken any professional help for quitting. CONCLUSION: There were strong beliefs and myths among the participants that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for oral and general health. There is a need to create awareness and improve the standard of the health warning of such products.

Fluorose por ingestão voluntária de pasta fluoretada após os 5 anos de idade: relato de caso e discussão da importância da educação em saúde bucal na 1a infância / Fluorosis from voluntary ingestion of fluoride paste after 5 years of age: case report and discussion of the importance of health education in early childhood

Introdução: Preocupações com a ingestão de pasta fluoretada por crianças se limita à primeira infância devido ao risco de fluorose nos dentes permanentes anteriores, mas o processo educativo para garantir uma segurança para toda a dentição tem sido negligenciado. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de fluorose dentaria em dentes caninos, pré-molares e 2o molares por ingestão voluntária de pasta fluoretada Relato do caso: Paciente de 12 anos, 65 kg, procurou atendimento odontológico devido a insatisfação com a coloração dos dentes posteriores. Constatou-se que os dentes caninos, pré-molares e segundo molares, superiores e inferiores apresentavam opacidades tipo fluoróticas, estando os demais normais. Entre as possíveis causas, a principal recaiu sobre o modo que a criança passou a escovar os dentes após os 5 anos de idade. Foi relatado que ela voluntariamente escovava seus dentes 6x/dia sem cuspir. Foram feitas análises da concentração de fluoreto da água consumida pela paciente e nas pastas usadas. Também foi feito teste de excreção de fluoreto urinário pela paciente, solicitando para ela escovar os dentes cuspindo ou engolindo toda a pasta em uso. Resultados: Na água foi encontrado 0,74 mg F/L e nas pastas usadas 1.357 e 1.426 mg F solúvel/ kg. Na urina foi encontrado 0,90 e 1,35 mg F, respectivamente, cuspindo ou engolindo a pasta após as escovações. Foi estimado que a partir dos 5 anos de idade, a criança se submeteu à dose de 0,17 mg F/dia/kg de peso corpóreo, a qual é 2,4 vezes maior que o limite superior de risco de fluorose. Conclusão: O caso relatado sugere ser uma consequência de falha do processo de educação em saúde na 1a infância quanto ao uso racional de dentifrício fluoretado.

Introduction: Concerns about children's intake of fluoride toothpaste are limited to infancy due to the risk of fluorosis in the permanent anterior teeth, but the educational process to ensure safety for the entire dentition has been neglected. Objective: To report a case of dental fluorosis in canine, premolar and 2nd molar teeth caused by voluntary ingestion of fluoride toothpaste. Case report: A 12- year-old patient, 65 kg, search dental care due to dissatisfaction with the color of the posterior teeth. It was diagnosticated that the superior and inferior canine, premolar and second molar teeth had fluorotic opacities, and the other teeth are sound. Among the possible causes, the main one was the way the child started brushing their teeth after 5 years of age. It was reported that she voluntarily brushed her teeth 6x/day without spitting. Analyzes of the fluoride concentration in the water consumed by the patient and in the toothpastes used were performed. A urinary fluoride excretion test by the patient, requesting her to brush her teeth by spitting out or swallowing all the toothpaste in use, was made. Results: Fluoride concentration in the water was 0.74 mg F/L and 1,357 and 1,426 mg F/kg in the toothpastes pastes used. In urine test, 0.90 and 1.35 mg F were found, respectively, spitting or swallowing the toothpaste after brushing. It was estimated that from 5 years of age, the child was submitted a dose of 0.17 mg F/day/kg of body weight, which is 2.4 times the upper limit for an acceptable fluorosis. Conclusion: The reported case suggests that it is a consequence of the failure of the health education process in early childhood regarding the rational use of fluoride toothpaste.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Air-Polishing Treatments and Their Influence on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Seeded on Titanium Disks.

Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for tooth replacement, and titanium is the metal of choice due to its demonstrated superiority in resisting corrosion, lack of allergic reactions and mechanical strength. Surface roughness of titanium implants favors the osseointegration process; nevertheless, its topography may provide a suitable substrate for bacterial biofilm deposition, causing peri-implantitis and leading to implant failure. Subgingival prophylaxis treatments with cleansing powders aimed to remove the bacterial accumulation are under investigation. Two different air-polishing powders-glycine and tagatose-were assayed for their cleaning and antimicrobial potential against a Pseudomonas biofilm and for their effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), seeded on sandblasted titanium disks. Immunofluorescence analyses were carried out to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, stemness and osteogenic differentiation. The results demonstrate that both the powders have a great in vitro cleaning potential in the early period and do not show any negative effects during hDPSCs osteogenic differentiation process, suggesting their suitability for enhancing the biocompatibility of titanium implants. Our data suggest that the evaluated cleansing systems reduce microbial contamination and allow us to propose tagatose as an adequate alternative to the gold standard glycine for the air-polishing prophylaxis treatment.

Acción antibacteriana in vitro de dentífricos sin flúor frente a cepas de Streptococcus mutans / In vitro antibacterial activity of fluoride-free toothpastes against Streptococcus mutans strains

RESUMEN Introducción: Los dentífricos con ingredientes activos previenen la caries dental en niños. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriana in vitro de tres dentífricos sin flúor y dos soluciones control frente a cepas estándares de Streptococccus mutans. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, prospectivo y experimental a doble ciego. Se utilizó agar tripticasa de soya con el método de difusión a 37 °C durante 24 h. Se observó el tamaño de los halos de crecimiento inhibitorio en cada grupo. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software SPSS15, mediante pruebas estadísticas de corroboración de distribución gaussiana de Shapiro-Wilk, prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El diámetro de inhibición en gluconato de clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento fue de 26,69 mm (± 1,85), en el agua destilada de 6 mm (± 0) y para las pastas dentífricas de 6 mm (± 0) y 22,93 mm (± 3,39). Al comparar los diámetros obtenidos por la acción del gluconato de clorhexidina 0,12 por ciento y del agua destilada con los dentífricos libre de flúor, sólo en uno de los casos se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: No todos los dentífricos para la higiene bucal del bebé estudiados presentan actividad antibacteriana frente a la cepa de Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Toothpastes with active ingredients prevent dental caries in children. Objective: Determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of three fluoride-free toothpastes and two control solutions against standard Streptococccus mutans strains. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional experimental double-blind study was conducted. Trypticase soy agar was used applying the diffusion method at 37 °C for 24 h. The size of the growth inhibition haloes of each group was examined. Data analysis was based on SPSS15 software, using Shapiro-Wilk Gaussian distribution corroboration statistical tests, and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Inhibition diameter was 26.69 mm (± 1.85) for 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate, 6 mm (± 0) for distilled water, and 6 mm (± 0) and 22.93 mm (± 3.39) for the toothpastes. Comparison of the diameters obtained by the action of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate and distilled water with the fluoride-free toothpastes revealed statistically significant differences in only one of the cases (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Not all the baby toothpastes studied display antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus mutans strain ATCC 25175(AU)

Combined effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles and a dentifrice on plaque removal and gingival abrasion

Abstract Two previous clinical studies evaluated the effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles of soft manual brushes on the removal of plaque and gingival abrasion. However, the combined effect of an abrasive dentifrice on these outcomes has yet to be understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare the incidence of gingival abrasion and the degree of plaque removal obtained after the use of toothbrushes with tapered or end-rounded bristles in the presence or absence of an abrasive dentifrice. The study involved a randomized, single-blind, crossover model (n = 39) with a split-mouth design. Subjects were instructed to refrain from performing oral hygiene procedures for 72 hours. Quadrants were randomized and subjects brushed with both types of toothbrushes using a dentifrice (relative dentin abrasion = ± 160). Plaque and gingival abrasion were assessed before and after brushing. After 7 days, the experiment was repeated without the dentifrice. The average reduction in plaque scores and the average increase in the number of abrasion sites were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc tests. End-rounded bristles removed significantly more plaque than tapered bristles, regardless of the use of a dentifrice. The dentifrice did not improve plaque removal. In the marginal area (cervical free gingiva), no difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion was detected between toothbrush types when used with a dentifrice (p ≥ 0.05). However, the dentifrice increased the incidence of abrasion (p < 0.001), irrespective of the toothbrush type tested. End-rounded bristles therefore removed plaque more effectively without causing a higher incidence of gingival abrasion when compared with tapered bristles. An abrasive dentifrice can increase the incidence of abrasion, and should be used with caution by individuals who are at risk of developing gingival recession.

Effect of whitening dentifrices: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Abstract The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate tooth color changes (ΔE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) associated with whitening dentifrices. Sixty participants were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then allocated to three groups (n = 20): Colgate Luminous White (G1), Close Up White Now (G2) and Sorriso dentifrice (G3-control). The participants were instructed to use only the provided dentifrice and toothbrush in standardized oral hygiene procedures for 4 weeks. ΔE was assessed by spectrophotometry (CIELab System) whereas TS was determined by a visual analog scale at baseline and weekly using four assessment points. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test and Friedman test (α = 0.05). ΔE (baseline-assessment point 4) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) across the groups: G1 (ΔE = 5.1), G2 (ΔE = 6.8), and G3 (ΔE = 4.4). Δb (baseline-assessment point 4) was significantly different (p < 0.05) in G2 (3.8) when compared to G1 (-0.2) and G3 (0.3). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in TS at baseline. Both the control and whitening dentifrices caused similar tooth color changes (ΔE). There was no significant TS during the study period.

Use of dentifrices to prevent erosive tooth wear: harmful or helpful?

Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissues caused by non-bacterial acids. Due to acid contact, the tooth surface becomes softened and more prone to abrasion from toothbrushing. Dentifrices containing different active agents may be helpful in allowing rehardening or in increasing surface resistance to further acidic or mechanical impacts. However, dentifrices are applied together with brushing and, depending on how and when toothbrushing is performed, as well as the type of dentifrice and toothbrush used, may increase wear. This review focuses on the potential harmful and helpful effects associated with the use of dentifrices with regard to erosive wear. While active ingredients like fluorides or agents with special anti-erosive properties were shown to offer some degree of protection against erosion and combined erosion/abrasion, the abrasive effects of dentifrices may increase the surface loss of eroded teeth. However, most evidence to date comes from in vitro and in situ studies, so clinical trials are necessary for a better understanding of the complex interaction of active ingredients and abrasives and their effects on erosive tooth wear.

A randomized clinical study investigating the staining profile of an experimental stannous fluoride dentifrice.

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the staining profile of an experimental test dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride compared to that of a marketed control dentifrice containing 0.76% w/w sodium monofluorophosphate (Colgate Cavity Protection) following regular and repeat use, with twice daily brushing over 8 weeks. As an exploratory objective, the staining profile of the test dentifrice was compared to that of a marketed comparator dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride (Crest Pro-Health - Clean Mint). METHODS: This was a single-center, examiner-blind, randomized, three arm, parallel group study, stratified by pre-baseline stain score [total Lobene Stain Index (LSI) (area x intensity) score < 31, > or = 31] and smoking status. Following initial screening, 137 healthy subjects, aged 18 years and above, with 12 gradable anterior teeth returned for baseline assessments. At the baseline visit, subjects received an oral soft tissue (OST) examination and an assessment of extrinsic dental stain using the LSI on the facial and lingual surfaces of the 12 anterior teeth, LSI area, LSI intensity and LSI area x intensity (the LSI area x intensity score was termed the pre-baseline LSI score). Subjects who met study requirements received a dental prophylaxis of the anterior teeth to remove all visible stain from their tooth surfaces such that an LSI (area x intensity) score of 0 was achieved. Randomized subjects brushed with their assigned dentifrice at home twice daily for 1 timed minute and returned after 4 and 8 weeks for an OST examination and dental stain assessment of the anterior teeth using LSI. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in dental stain build-up between the test dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride and a marketed control dentifrice (Colgate Cavity Protection), after 4 and 8 weeks of twice daily brushing, in terms of LSI area x intensity, LSI area or LSI intensity scores. Exploratory analysis indicated that the marketed stannous fluoride dentifrice (Crest Pro-Health) exhibited more dental stain build-up at 4 and/or 8 weeks compared to the other two study dentifrices. However, post-hoc analysis revealed an imbalance in LSI baseline stain levels between the treatment groups, with higher stain levels in the marketed comparator group, which made it difficult to draw robust conclusions from the exploratory data. This imbalance was not considered to impact the other study analyses. Study treatments were well tolerated.

Nicotine contents in various toothpowders (dant manjans): measurement and safety evaluation.

The use of tobacco products as dentrifice is prevalent in various parts of India. Among them toothpowder (dant manjan) is very common. These nicotine containing toothpastes/toothpowders are health hazards and is also habit forming. Health experts of India rightly banned use of nicotine containing toothpowder as early as 1992 by making proper legislation. We just made an attempt to verify whether the manufacturers complying the legislation or not. Eight leading brands of toothpowders were analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrum detector and also quantitatively by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector. Our results indicated four brands were found to contain nicotine in the range of 2.53 microg/g to 11.50 mg/g of toothpowder. This finding further confirms that addition of nicotine in dentifrice violates the regulatory norms. Regulatory authorities should give more attention to ensure that all toothpowders are free from nicotine which is also a statutory requirement.

Concentração salivar de flúor em pré-escolares após escovação dentária com dentifrício de concentração padrão e baixa de flúor, empregando a técnica transversal de colocação do produto na escova: estudo piloto / Salivary Fluoride level in preschool children after toothbrushing with standard and low fluoride content dentifrice, using the transversal dentifrice application technique: pilot study

Objetivo: Investigar a concentração salivar de flúor em pré-escolares após a escovação dentária com dentifrício de concentração padrão (1100ppmF/NaF) e baixa (500ppmF/NaF) de flúor, empregando a técnica transversal de colocação do produto na escova. Métodos: Participaram do estudo oito crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando entre 4 anos e 9 meses e 5 anos e 6 meses. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases com intervalo semanal. Na primeira a criança utilizou, por uma semana, o dentifrício de concentração padrão, e na segunda, o de baixa concentração. As amostras foram coletadas ao final de cada fase experimental nos seguintes tempos: antes da escovação, imediatamente após e depois de 15, 30 e 45 minutos. Os teores de flúor foram analisados por meio da técnica de microdifusão. A análise estatística foi feita pela análise de variância ANOVA e pelo teste t de Student (p<0,05).Resultados: A concentração salivar de flúor foi significativamente maior, em todos os tempos, quando se utilizou o produto de concentração padrão. A comparação entre a concentração do halogênio encontrada antes da escovação e imediatamente depois mostra que no dentifrício padrão houve um aumento de 6,8 vezes (0,19 x 1,29μgF/ml) e, no de baixa concentração, 20,5 (0,02 x 0,41μgF/ml). Conclusão: A escovação dentária com ambos os produtos promove aumentos relevantes na concentração salivar de flúor, porém estudos longitudinais são necessários para verificar o resultado clínico desta medida.

Objective: To investigate the salivary fluoride concentration in pre-school children after toothbrushing with dentifrice containing standard (1100ppmF/NaF) and low (500ppmF/NaF) fluoride concentration, using the transversal technique of placing the product on the toothbrush. Methods: Eight children of both sexes, ranging from 4 to 9 years, and 5 years and 6 months of age, participated in the study. The experiment was divided into two phases with a weekly interval. In the first stage, the children used the standard concentration dentifrice for one week, and in the second, the low concentration product. Samples were collected at the end of each experimental stage, at the following times: Before brushing, immediately afterwards, and after 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The fluoride contents were analyzed by the microdiffusion technique. Statistical analysis was done by the analysis of variance ANOVA and Student's-t test (p<0.05). Results: The salivary fluoride concentration was significantly higher at all times, when the standard concentration product was used. The comparison between the Halogen concentration found before bushing and immediately afterwards, showed that there was a 6.8 times increase in the standard dentifrice (0.19 x 1.29μgF/ml) and in the low concentration product, an increase of 20.5 times (0.02 x 0.41μgF/ml). Conclusion: Toothbrushing with both products promoted relevant increases in the salivary fluoride concentration; however, longitudinal studies are necessary to verify the clinical result of this measurement.

Assessment in vitro of brushing on dental surface roughness alteration by laser interferometry

Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are considered to be of multifactorial origin, normally associated with inadequate brushing. This study assessed the influence in vitro of simulated brushing on NCCL formation. Fifteen human premolars were submitted to brushing in the cementoenamel junction region, using hard-, medium- and soft-bristled brushes associated with a toothpaste of medium abrasiveness under a 200 g load, at a speed of 356 rpm for 100 minutes. The surface topography of the region was analyzed before and after brushing, by means of a laser interferometer, using "cut-off" values of 0.25 and considering roughness values in mm. The initial roughness (mm) results for dentin (D / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard) were as follows: (D1) 1.25 ± 0.45; (D2) 1.12 ± 0.44; (D3) 1.05 ± 0.41. For enamel (E / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard), the initial results were: (E1) 1.18 ± 0.35; (E2) 1.32 ± 0.25; (E3) 1.50 ± 0.38. After brushing, the following were the values for dentin: (D1) 2.32 ± 1.99; (D2) 3.30 ± 0.96; (D3) Over 500. For enamel, the values after brushing were: (E1) 1.37 ± 0.31; (E2) 2.15 ± 0.90; (E3) 1.22 ± 0.47. Based on the results of the ANOVA and Tukey statistical analyses (a = .05) it was concluded that soft, medium and hard brushes are not capable of abrading enamel, whereas dentin showed changes in surface roughness by the action of medium- and hard-bristled brushes.

In vitro toothbrushing abrasion of dental resin composites: packable, microhybrid, nanohybrid and microfilled materials

This study evaluated weight loss and surface roughening after toothbrushing of different resin composites: one packable (Solitaire 2, Heraeus Kulzer), one microhybrid (Charisma, Heraeus Kulzer), one nanohybrid (Simile, Pentron) and one microfilled (Durafill VS, Heraeus Kulzer). Cylindrical specimens (n = 20) were prepared. Half of the samples were submitted to 60,000 strokes, at 4 Hz, with a dentifrice-water slurry. Control samples (n = 10) remained stored at 37°C. Pre- and post-abrasion parameters for weight (mg) and surface roughness (Ra, µm) were determined on an analytical balance and a surface profilometer. Data were separately submitted to Repeated Measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). Percentages of weight loss were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). The relationship between both evaluations was assessed by Pearson's test (a = 0.05). The means ( percent) for weight loss (standard deviation) were 0.65(0.2), 0.93(0.2), 1.25(0.6) and 1.25(0.4) for Simile, Durafill, Charisma and Solitaire, respectively. Baseline roughness means ranged from 0.065(0.01), 0.071(0.01), 0.066(0.02) and 0.074(0.01) for Simile, Durafill, Charisma and Solitaire, respectively, to 0.105(0.04), 0.117(0.03), 0.161(0.03) and 0.214(0.07) after testing. The composites with larger fillers presented higher weight loss and roughening than the finer materials (p < 0.05). For both evaluations, control specimens showed no significant alteration. No significant relationship between loss of weight and roughness alteration was detected (r = 0.322, p = 0.429).

A comparison of two chlorhexidine gel brushing regimens and a conventional toothpaste brushing regimen for the development of tooth staining over a 6-week period.

AIMS: A single-centre, randomized single-blind parallel study was undertaken to compare staining seen with three brushing regimens and to determine subject perception of side effects such as staining and effects on taste. METHODS: This 6-week parallel study used 157 volunteers who were randomized into one of three treatment groups: (i) brushing in the morning and evening with a normal dose of a 1% chlorhexidine gel, (ii) brushing with a low dose of chlorhexidine gel in the evening and a whitening dentifrice in the morning, and (iii) brushing with a standard fluoride paste in the morning and evening. Following home usage of their allocated products, the study volunteers returned after 3 and 6 weeks to record the amount of stain present. After the 6-week period, subject perception of taste and stain acceptability was determined using a questionnaire. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of use of the low-dose chlorhexidine gel and whitening dentifrice, significantly more stain was seen compared with the use of a standard dentifrice (P<0.0001). Similarly, significantly more stain was seen with use of the normal-dose chlorhexidine gel compared with the low-dose gel and whitening dentifrice (P=0.0007). Approximately 30% of individuals on the low-dose chlorhexidine gel regimen found the amount of stain unacceptable and 10% noted an effect on their taste perception. CONCLUSIONS: The use of low dose of chlorhexidine gel at night and a whitening paste in the morning produced a significant amount of stain that 30% of subjects considered unacceptable.

Influência do complexo flúor-xilitol no controle da placa dentária e do sangramento gengival em pacientes herbiátricos com aparelho ortodôntico fixo / Influence of fluorine-xylitol complex in the dental plaque and gingival bleeding control in herbiatric patients with fixed orthodontic brace

OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos de um dentifrício contendo flúor/xilitol na redução da adesão da placa à estrutura dentária, bem como no índice de sangramento gengival, em portadores de aparelho ortodôntico fixo. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliados 22 jovens, com idade entre 14 e 17 anos. Após a quantificação inicial dos índices, os jovens receberam instruções de escovação e começaram a utilizar somente os dentifrícios da pesquisa. Houve uma divisão aleatória da amostra em dois grupos (A e B). Na primeira semana todos utilizaram um dentifrício padrão e a partir da segunda semana os jovens do grupo A receberam um dentifrício contendo flúor, enquanto os do grupo B receberam um dentifrício contendo o complexo flúor-xilitol, que utilizaram durante vinte e oito dias, quando foram novamente avaliados (T1). Para a segunda fase (T2) houve inversão dos dentifrícios. RESULTADOS: foram comparados os resultados intra-grupo e nos dois grupos houve redução estatisticamente significante entre as fases inicial e T1, inicial e T2 e entre T1 e T2. Já na comparação entre os grupos não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles, embora o dentifrício contendo flúor/xilitol tenha proporcionado uma porcentagem de redução do índice de sangramento gengival maior que o dentifrício contendo apenas o fluoreto de sódio, principalmente entre as fases inicial e T2, onde a redução no grupo A foi de 90,13 por cento e no grupo B foi de 78,84 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização de dentifrícios contendo flúor e xilitol, associada à instrução e motivação, parece ser um recurso bastante promissor para a manutenção da saúde bucal nos pacientes ortodônticos.

AIM: to evaluate the effects of a dentifrice containing fluorine/xylitol in the reduction of the adhesion of the plaque to the dental structure, as well as in the gingival bleeding index in patients who had orthodontic braces. METHODS: 22 teenagers, in between 14 and 17 years old were evaluated. After the initial quantification of the indexes, they received instructions of brushing and started to use only the dentifrices from the research. There was a random division of the sample into two groups, A and B. In the first week, they all used a standard dentifrice and since the second week the teenagers from group A received a dentifrice with fluorine, while the ones from group B received a dentifrice containing the fluorine-xylitol complex, using for 28 days, when they were evaluated again (T1). There was an inversion of dentifrices for second phase. RESULTS: the results were compared intra-groups and in both groups there was a statistically significant reduction between phases initial and T1, initial and T2 and between T1 and T2. However, comparing the groups, there was no statistically significant difference between them, though the dentifrice containing fluorine/ xylitol provided a percentage of reduction of gingival bleeding index bigger than the one containing only sodium fluoride, specially between phases initial and T2, where reduction in group A was 90.13 percent and in group B was 78.84 percent. CONCLUSION: the utilization of dentifrice containing fluorine and xylitol, associated to instruction and motivation, seems to be a promising resource for maintenance of oral health in orthodontic patients.

Ação dos dentifrícios sobre a estrutura dental após imersão em bebida ácida – Estudo in vitro / Dentifrice effect on dental structure after immersion in acid beverage – In vitro study

O consumo de bebidas ácidas seguido de escovação pode causar grandes perdas de estrutura dental. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o poder abrasivo de diferentes dentifrícios à dentina quando esta é submetida à imersão em suco de laranja. 70 segmentos de raízes bovinas foram divididos aleatoriamente em 10 grupos (n=7) em relação aos dentifrícios utilizados. G1: Sensodyne; G2: Controle (água destilada); G3: Sorriso Dentes Brancos; G4: Colgate Ação Total; G5: Close up Micropartículas; G6: Close up Liqui Fresh; G7: Phillips; G8: Colgate Controle do Tártaro; G9: Confident; G10: Tandy. Todos os grupos foram submetidos a 7.000 ciclos de escovação, sendo que a cada 1.000 ciclos foram imersos em suco de laranja por 90 s. Os dados iniciais e finais de peso e perfil foram obtidos em balança analítica e projetor de perfil respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A maior perda de peso ocorreu no grupo G10 e a menor no G4, porém não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. As maiores perdas de perfil ocorreram nos grupos G3, G6, G7, G10 sendo estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) em relação aos grupos G1, G2, G4, G5, G8, G9. A escovação com os dentifrícios Sorriso, Close up Liqui Fresh, Phillips e Tandy associada à bebida ácida produziram maior perda de estrutura dental.