Boletín COE Salud / Health COE Bulletin

El cuarto ejemplar del boletín digital "COE Salud", plataforma de la Dirección General de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres y Defensa Nacional en Salud (DIGERD), con información destacada de las actividades realizadas por esta dirección del Ministerio de Salud. En esta oportunidad, encontraremos información sobre cómo el Ministerio de Salud mitigó los riesgos en salud, durante el período 2021 hasta Junio 2022. Además, la respuesta en emergencias como: los deslizamientos de tierra en Abancay, el incendio forestal en Amazonas, el conflicto social en Arequipa. Por otro lado, conoceremos la asistencia técnica que se realizó a los nosocomio que tuvieron dificultades en la gestión de su programa presupuestal 2022.

Are orthopaedic surgeons prepared? An analysis of severe casualties from the 2021 flash flood and mudslide disaster in Germany.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the most severe casualties from the flash flood and mudslides occurring on 14 July 2021 in Germany, focusing on patients who were treated in the closest and largest level I trauma centre in the region the disaster occurred. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective study design was employed, and all patients treated because of the flooding and mudslides who needed inpatient treatment were documented. Data on each patient's demographic characteristics, type of injury, number of surgeries, duration of hospitalisation, operation time, revision rate, injury severity score (ISS), and complications were collected. The primary outcome measure was status at discharge. RESULTS: Within the first week after the flood, a total of 63 patients were documented. Forty-one patients were treated on an outpatient basis in the emergency unit, and 22 patients were hospitalised. Of those hospitalised, 15 patients needed surgical treatment in the operation theatre. The most common injuries were fractures of the lower extremity (n = 7) and soft tissue wounds (n = 4). Overall, 20 surgeries were performed; the mean hospital stay was 7.2 ± 6.4 days, and the mean ISS was 5.7 ± 2.7. CONCLUSION: The July 2021 flood disaster was one of the largest in German history. The included patients showed complex injuries of various types. Because of the effects of climate change, orthopaedic surgeons might face higher numbers of casualties affected by natural disasters. Learning more about the management and profile of these injuries can become a future challenge for orthopaedic and trauma surgeons.

Percepção de risco de moradoras em áreas sujeitas a escorregamentos de encostas / Risk perception of female residents in areas subject to landslides

Resumo A exposição a riscos naturais pode provocar impactos sobre a saúde. A precariedade das moradias, das condições de vida e a ausência de proteção social tornam a sobrevivência em áreas de risco um problema de saúde pública. Esta pesquisa buscou compreender o lugar que o risco natural ocupa na vida de moradoras de dois bairros mapeados como zonas de alto risco para escorregamentos em São José dos Campos (SP). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual a pesquisadora, acompanhada por agentes comunitários de saúde, entrevistou 12 moradoras e realizou observações etnográficas de campo. O risco percebido pelas entrevistadas, em seu contexto sociocultural, era de serem removidas de suas casas pelo poder público. Concluiu-se que estudos socioculturais na interface entre saúde coletiva e meio ambiente são fundamentais para redução da exposição de alguns grupos sociais ao risco natural e para a criação de políticas públicas que visem à diminuição das iniquidades.

Abstract Exposure to natural hazards can have an impact on health. The precariousness of housing, living conditions and the lack of social protection, make surviving in risk areas a public health issue. This research sought to understand the place that natural hazards occupy in the lives of female residents of two neighborhoods mapped as areas of very high risk for landslides in São José dos Campos (state of São Paulo). Qualitative research was carried out in which the researcher, accompanied by community health agents, interviewed 12 female residents and made field ethnographic observations. The risk perceived by the interviewees, in their sociocultural context, was of being removed from their homes by the government. In conclusion, sociocultural studies at the interface between collective health and the environment are essential to reduce the exposure of some social groups to natural hazards and to create public policies that seek to reduce inequities.

Numerical Simulation of Na-Tech Cascading Disasters in a Large Oil Depot.

The mechanism of natural-hazard-triggered technological (Na-tech) cascading disasters is complex, and the extent to which their damage is aggravated by various secondary events is difficult to quantify. This study selected a large oil depot and constructed a full-scale three-dimensional scene model based on the surrounding geographical environment. The discrete element method (DEM), finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) were employed to conduct numerical simulations of the process and consequences of the following Na-tech disasters: heavy-rainfall-induced landslide → blocks impacting an oil transportation pipeline and breaking it → oil leaking, spreading and resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. According to the results, the maximum impact of the 1 m3 of sliding mass formed in the landslide on the pipeline was over 7 MN (meganewton), and the pipeline fractured completely when it was loaded with a contact force of only 1.44 MN. The numerical simulation methods revealed the mechanism of Na-tech cascading disasters in a large oil depot and quantified the consequences of each event in the cascading disasters.

Debris Flow Syndrome: Injuries and Outcomes after the Montecito Debris Flow.

On January 9, 2018, a catastrophic debris flow devastated Montecito, California. A 30-foot wall of boulders, mud, and debris ran down the hillsides at 15 miles per hour injuring dozens and causing 21 prehospital deaths. A retrospective review was conducted of the victims from the debris flow presenting to Cottage Health. Injury patterns, procedures performed, complications, length of stay, and outcomes were analyzed. Twenty-four patients were evaluated; 15 were admitted. Of the patients admitted, the most common presenting symptoms were soft tissue injuries (100%), hypothermia (67%), craniofacial injuries (67%), corneal abrasions (53%), and orthopedic injuries (47%), as well as loss of an immediate family member during the incident (73%). Procedures included skin irrigation (93%), operative soft tissue debridement (47%), body orifice irrigation due to mud impaction (40%), and orthopedic repair of fractures and ligaments (40%). All survived to discharge. "Debris flow syndrome" can be defined as a pattern of injuries, including soft tissue injuries, hypothermia, craniofacial trauma, corneal abrasions, orthopedic injuries, and mud impaction. Managing the debris flow syndrome requires co-ordinated and specialized care.

[Ecological risk assessment of landslide disasters based on potential loss of ecosystem services]. / 基于生态系统服务潜在损失的滑坡灾害生态风险评价.

Landslides are common geological calamities in mountainous regions, which not only threaten social and economic development and residents' safety but also cause ecosystem damage, with consequences on human welfare. A more comprehensive and systematic reference for disaster prevention and mitigation with ecosystem services loss as an index for the potential damage of ecosystem could aid the progress of landslide ecological risk assessment. Five provinces in Southwest China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Chongqing) have diverse landforms, complex stratum and lithology, and active geological tectonic movements, which are the most landslide prone areas in China. In this study, the ecological risk assessment framework, model and indicator were constructed from three dimensions, including disaster risk, vulnerability and potential loss of the ecosystem. Disaster risk was based on the comprehensive analysis of factors such as geology, topo-graphy, landform, precipitation, and their mutual relationship. The vulnerability of the ecosystem was characterized by landscape patterns indices. The potential loss was measured by ecosystem service to evaluate the ecological risk associated with landslide hazards in the five provinces of Southwest China. The results showed that the areas with high potential loss of ecosystem services were mainly distributed in the south of Ailao Mountain in Yunnan Province, Qionglai Mountain of Sichuan Pro-vince, Hengduan Mountains, Dadu River Basin, Northwest Guangxi Autonomous Region, and eastern area of Dayao Mountain. The high ecological risk of landslide hazard in the study area mainly distributed in the areas of Min Mountain, Qionglai Mountain, Wuliang Mountain, Ailao Mountain, Miao Ridge, Leigong Mountain, and Dadu River basin. With respect to altitude, 500-1500 m was the main high-risk areas, accounting for 37.9% of the high-risk area. In terms of ecosystem types, forests are the high-risk areas, accounting for 66.4% of the high-risk areas. Landslide monitoring and early warning in the high ecological risk areas should be strengthened, through strengthening ecosystem protection in the region and improving the stability and resistance of ecosystems.

Petrópolis: um histórico de desastres sem solução? Do Plano Kõeler ao Programa Cidades Resilientes / Petropolis: a disaster of historic unsolved? Plan Koeler the Program Resilient Cities

Esta tese analisa as causas e agravos das inundações de Petrópolis, Município da Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Partiu-se de conceitos como cidade, urbano e urbanismo, para entender como pequenos núcleos populacionais transformaram-se em cidades, organizaram-se e cresceram. Os conceitos de desastres são apresentados, com destaque para as inundações, suas causas e consequências para a saúde. As possíveis soluções técnicas e de gerenciamento de águas urbanas, a legislação pertinente ao tema e o Programa Cidade Resiliente integram um conjunto de medidas que podem responder positivamente às questões das inundações. A fundação de Petrópolis, seu plano urbanístico, seu histórico de desastres são criticamente analisados e comentados. A cidade, em foco, apesar de ter sido planejada, ao longo dos seus 172 anos de existência, teve seu projeto urbanístico original, de uso e ocupação do solo, posto de lado para dar lugar à especulação imobiliária e, posteriormente, à ocupação desordenada das encostas e margens de rios. Demonstra-se que poder público sempre agiu com leniência, e mesmo, incentivando essas ocupações. Este cenário determina a suma importância de repensar-se o seu meio urbano, a fim de impedir que maiores danos continuem a assolar a cidade...

This thesis analyses the causes and consequences of floods in Petropolis, a city in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro state. Concepts such as city, urban and urban planning will be used to understand how small population cores were transformed in cities, how they were organized and grew. Disaster concepts are presented highlighting floods, their causes and consequences to the population’s health. A set of measures that involves technical solutions, urban water management, the legislation relevant to the topic and the Resilient Cities Program can positively answer the flood issues. The foundation of Petropolis, its urban planning as well as its disasters history are critically analyzed and reviewed. Although the city had an original urban planning, which guided the occupation of the land and its use, it was later set aside later throughout its 172 years of existence. This happened first due to real estate speculation and more recently by the disorderly occupation of slopes and riverbanks. The government has always acted with leniency, and even encouraged occupations. For the purpose of preventing major damage to continue to affect the city, this setting shows the importance of rethinking the urban environment...

O papel do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na prevenção de desastres naturais por deslizamento em comunidades da cidade do Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brasil / The role of the Community Health Agent in preventing natural disasters by sliding in city communities of Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde podem desenvolver importante papel na prevenção de desastres naturais por deslizamentos, mas as ações realizadas necessitam investigação para evidenciar possíveis ganhos e desafios ocultos do processo preventivo. Partimos de um estudo com componentes de análise social pautado no conceito de configuração para analisar o envolvimento dos ACS nas ações de prevenção, tendo outros conceitos chaves como território, vulnerabilidades socioambientais, construção social e percepção do risco. A metodologia quali-quantitativa envolveu pesquisa de dados; pesquisa bibliográfica; análise de documentos; entrevistas com gestores; entrevistas com moradores; grupos focais com ACS e observações de campo na comunidade da Babilônia, localizada no Bairro do Leme, Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados evidenciam a Defesa Civil e a Saúde como campos distintos do serviço público, mas interfaces de trabalho podem contribuir para redução do risco de desastres. Processos naturais e sociais do território influenciam o trabalho preventivo, a partir de uma configuração própria que ora contribui, ora prejudica o processo preventivo, pois a redução das vulnerabilidades socioambientais, fator estratégico para a redução de risco, está centrada no poder de decisão de poucos órgãos do setor público. O risco é contemplado como algo mensurável, independente do contexto, ignorando outros fatores que influenciam sua percepção. O ACS cumpre, então, um papel de muita responsabilidade junto ao Sistema de Alerta e Alarme que ultrapassa a sua capacidade de resposta, não correspondendo a contento às expectativas dos atores envolvidos (setor público, ACS e comunidade). Por fim, consideramos que o papel do ACS deve estar relacionado às atribuições próprias do seu processo de trabalho no campo da Saúde e sua formação deve contemplar ações de prevenção de riscos de desastres dentro desta perspectiva...

The Community Health Agents (CHA) can develop important role in preventing natural disasters by landslides, but the possible actions should be researched previously, aiming at indicating the potential gains and hidden challenges during the preventive process. The starting point was a study with social components, using the configuration concept, to analyze the involvement of CHA in preventive actions, having also other key concepts, such as the territory, socio-environmental vulnerabilities, social construction and perception of risks. The quali-quantitative methodology consisted of data search; bibliographic search; document analysis; interviews with managers; interviews with residents; focus groups with CHA; and field observations in the community of Babilônia, in Leme, a district in Rio de Janeiro. The results illustrate the Civil Defense and Health as distinct fields from public service; however, some work interfaces can contribute to reducing disaster risks. Natural and social processes of the territory influence the precautionary work, concerning its specific configuration that sometimes contributes, or harms the preventive process. This is because the decrease of social-environmental vulnerabilities, strategic factor for the reduction of risks, is focused on decision-making power of a few public institutions. The risk is contemplated as something measurable, regardless of the context, ignoring other factors which influence its perception. The Agent fulfills then a role of great responsibility related to the Alert and Warning System that exceeds the capacity of reaction, not corresponding to the satisfaction of the stakeholders expectations (such as public sector, CHA, and community). Finally, it is considered that the CHA character should be associated to the duties of its work process in the health field. Furthermore, its training should include actions to prevent disaster risks within this perspective...

Índice de sensibilidade ao risco de contrair doenças infecciosas de veiculação hídrica (Hepatite A, Leptospirose e Esquistossomose) na Área de Influência da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto – ETE Alegria, no Município do Rio de Janeiro / Sensitivity index to the risk of contracting infectious waterborne diseases (hepatitis A, leptospirosis and schistosomiasis) in the Area of Influence of Sewage Treatment Station - ETE Joy, in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho objetivou analisar a relação entre a vulnerabilidade social e o número de casos existentes de doenças infecciosas relacionadas à água, frente às alterações climáticas (enchentes, deslizamentos, etc.), a partir da identificação de áreas sensíveis ao risco de desenvolver estas doenças. Para isto definiu-se como área de estudo as RAs que são beneficiadas pelos serviços de coleta e tratamento de esgotos da ETE Alegria, consideradas umas das principais obras de infraestrutura sanitária do Programa de Despoluição da Baía de Guanabara - PDBG. Foram analisadas um total de 12 RAs, na série histórica de 2000 a 2009, quanto as variáveis epidemiológica (número de casos existentes e frequência de ocorrência na população); climatológica (precipitação, dias de chuva, temperatura máxima e mínima) e socioeconômica (educação, renda, distribuição de água, destino do lixo e esgotamento sanitário). Ao final desta caracterização, construiu-se um Índice de Sensibilidade ao Risco (ISR) para doenças infecciosas de veiculação hídrica, com base na metodologia proposta por De Oliveira (2013). A partir dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho foi possível classificar as RAs que compõem a área de influência da ETE Alegria em três níveis de risco: baixo (Portuária e Centro), médio (Rio Comprido, São Cristóvão, Tijuca, Vila Isabel, Inhaúma, Méier, Jacarezinho, Complexo do Alemão e Complexo da Maré) e alto (Ramos). Dentre as componentes do ISR, a que mais influenciou a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas de veiculação hídrica foi o indicador socioeconômico, principalmente relacionado às variáveis renda, esgotamento sanitário e coleta de lixo...

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and prevalence of infectious diseases related to water, face to climate change ( floods, landslides , etc.), from the identification of sensitive areas to developing these diseases . To this, the study area was defined by the administrative regions (RA in portuguese) which are benefited by the services of collection and treatment of sewage from ETE Alegria , considered one of the major works of the health infrastructure program to clean the Guanabara Bay - PDBG . A total of twelve RAs were analyzed in the time series from 2000 to 2009, as epidemiological variables ( prevalence of cases ); climatological (precipitation, rainy days, maximum and minimum temperature ) and socioeconomic ( education, income , water supply , garbage and sewage ). At the end of this characterization we constructed an Index of Sensitivity Risk (ISR ) for infectious diseases related to water, based on the methodology proposed by De Oliveira (2013). From the results obtained in this work, it was possible to classify the RAs that comprise the area of influence of ETE Alegria into three risk levels: low (Portuária and Centro) , medium (Rio Comprido, São Cristóvão, Tijuca, Vila Isabel, Inhaúma, Méier, Jacarezinho, Complexo do Alemão e Complexo da Maré) and high (Ramos) . Among the components of the ISR, who most influences of prevalence of infectious waterborne diseases is the socioeconomic index, primarily related to income variables, sewage and garbage collection. Still, considering the results presented by RA, this study showed, according to the methodology used, even in areas where the epidemiological risk is not high Index of Sensitivity to Risk can be classified as high or medium, mainly due to socioeconomic conditions found, the vulnerability of the area for the occurrence of extreme events and due to under reporting...

Levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in 2 patients with crush syndrome after a mudslide.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is one of the most promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. An increase in the level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a good predictor of acute kidney injury and is associated with an increase in the serum level of creatinine. Two victims of a mudslide in Messina, Italy, initially had crush syndrome followed by development of acute kidney injury. The development of acute kidney injury is the second most common cause of death after large earthquakes and other natural disasters, but at the same time, crush-related acute kidney injury is one of the few life-threatening complications of crush injuries that can be reversed if diagnosed early and treated. In this case, measuring the level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin enabled early diagnosis of acute kidney injury and anticipation of the changes in levels of conventional markers such as creatinine.

[Asymmetric bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip joint: a case report]. / Asimetrik iki tarafli travmatik kalça çikigi: Olgu sunumu.

Bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip is a rare condition. Simultaneous asymmetric traumatic dislocation of the hip, one hip anterior and the other posterior, is even more unusual. This article reports a 21-year-old male patient with asymmetric bilateral dislocation of the hip joint, injured due to a landslide during a canal excavation. The patient was treated conservatively and evaluated according to Thompson and Epstein clinical and radiographic criteria after a follow-up period of 10 years and six months. The clinical result was perfect and radiographical result was good. We determined that our case had occurred as a result of a mechanism that has not been previously published in the literature and evaluated it from this point of view.

Municipio de Boaco más vale prevenir que lamentar / Municipality of Boaco more is worths to prevent than to regret

Presenta documento de apoyo para la prevención de desastres naturales dirigido a las comunidades del Municipio de Boaco-Nicaragua. Tienen como objetivo fundamental de informar a la población acerca de los riesgos que corren o podrían correr por exponerse a las diferentes amenazas naturales que afectan su territorio. Indica la ubicación de las áreas más peligrosas, las acciones que se deben evitar y las acciones que se pueden realizar para que esta amenazas no produzcan desastres y no afecten la vida y las propiedades de los pobladores

Analisis de amenaza al deslizamiento mediante el modelo de falla plana y el empleo de SIG(Caso de estudio: Cuenca Khora Tiquipaya) / sss

El presente estudio pretende determinar el factor de seguridad para amenazas de deslizamientos, mediante el uso de un modelo de falla plana (MFP), modelo que fue generado por el United Stales Departament of Agriculture (USDA), el cual requiere de una calibracion y validacion de campo para ser ajustado a las condiciones de la cordillera andina. El objetivo principal de la presente investigacion consiste en dar parametros necesarios para la calibracion de las variables que usa el modelo, en base a ensayos de laboratorio y muestras de campo. La seleccion de cuenca se baso en criterios tecnicos y de acuerdo al tipo de informacion que se recopilo al inicio de la investigacion. Ademas por ser una zona que presenta constantes muestras de campo. Finalmente debemos decir que si bien el modelo refleja la realidad de cuenca de estudio, este requiere de mayor calibracion y validacion de campo, mediante el uso de ensayos de muestras de suelo en laboratorio, mismas que no pudieron realizar en su totalidad al factor tiempo..

Enchentes, deslizamentos e leptospirose no contexto das chuvas intensas: o caso da região AP3.1 / Disasters, sliding and leptospirose in the context of the intense rains: the case of the area AP3.1

O presente estudo, analisou alguns dos problemas resultantes das chuvas intensas sobre o espaço urbano, na Área Programática de Saúde 3.1 (AP3.1) da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, onde esse evento climático sempre é motivo para alerta da população e dos órgãos públicos da defesa civil em virtude das perdas humanas e materiais. Foi utilizada metodologia com técnicas de Geoprocessamento, que pudesse indicar a extensão territorial e a probabilidade de ocorrência de enchentes, deslizamentos e disseminação da leptospirose. As análises realizadas, tiveram como base dados e informações a cerca do meio físico (altimetria, declividade, geomorfologia e drenagem), e das ações antrópicas (uso atual do solo) e comportou a utilização do Sistema Geográfico de Informações (SGI) SAGA/UFRJ, desenvolvido no Laboratório de Geoprocessamento da UFRJ (LAGEOP). Considerando o poder de prognóstico associado às técnicas empregadas, esse estudo visou contribuir com mais um enfoque relacionado à saúde ambiental.

Sistema Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres: Colombia / National System for the Prevention and Disasters Care: Colombia

En Colombia el Sistema Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres, se crea y organiza por la Ley 46 de noviembre de 1988 y se reglamenta en su organización y funcionamiento mediante el Decreto Ley 919 de mayo de 1989, cuyas características generales on las de ser un Sistema Descentralizado e Interinstitucional. Los Gobernadores y Alcaldes deben actuar de acuerdo a lo ordena en los arítulos 60 y 61 del Decreto Ley 919/89, en los que se dan las herramientas básicas para la creación y definición de funciones de los Comités Regionales y Locales para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres. Dichos comités estarán presididos por el Gobernador o el Alcalde y además lo conformaran por lo menos tres comisiones, que a su vez estarán integradas por las entidades técnicas, académicas y operativas de la región o localidad. Igualmente podrán participar a iniciativa del Gobernador o Alcalde todas las entidades, organizaciones no gubernamentales, cívicas y de base y personas de relievancia en el tema de la Gestión del Riesgo dentro de su jurisdicción

Assentamento populares urbanos e meio ambiente / Popular urban settlements and their environment

Approaching from the perspective of sociological studies of natural disasters, the article probes the issue of the construction of popular housing and of the community's relations with its constructed environment. Based on an empirical study of landslides in a hilly area on Recife's north side, it seeks to ascertain how much is known about practices that can minimize the effects of the disaster felt by the community. Information derived from questionnaires and interviews is used to reconstruct both the population's strategies in the face of landslides as well as their views on the place where they live. This information likewise serves as a basis in identifying the community's vulnerability and its capacity to deal with its surrounding environment.

Asistencia humanitaria para la población afectada por inundaciones y deslizamientos en los departamentos de La Paz y Cochabamba: Informe final general / Humanitarian assistance for the population affected by floods and Cochabamba: General final report

La situación de los beneficiarios ntes de la operacion era desesperada por el aislamiento y la perdidad de sus bienes producida por las lluvias y deslizamientos. Era tal su desesperación que ante la lentitud del gobierno en hacer efectiva la declaración la declaración de zona de desastre, llegaron a organizar una marcha hasta La Paz. El objetivo principal planteado en el lamamiento internacional se cumpió. Tambien se cumplió un objetivo de difundir el trabajo y lacapacidad de la Cruz Roja B oliviana...

Evaluación de la amenaza por deslizamientos en los corregimientos de Bella Vista, Betania, Pueblo Nuevo, San Francisco y el Distrito de San Miguelito / Evaluation of the danger of erosion in the comunities of bethania San Miguelito Pueblo nuevo San Francisco and Bella vista

Este documento presenta la evaluación de la amenaza por deslizamientos realizada a los corregimientos de Bella Vista, Betania, Pueblo Nuevo y San Francisco, así como en el Distrito de San Miguelito. En la evaluación se utiliza el modelo matemático de zonificación, propuesto por el Dr. Luis D. Alfaro, en febrero de 1992, y en el cual se utiliza en mapas a escala de 1:5,000

Evaluación de la amenaza por deslizamientos en las Provincias de Chiriquí, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Panamá y Colón / Evaluation of the threat for slide of the province of Chiriqui, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama y Colon

Este documento presenta la evaluación de la amenaza por deslizamientos hecha a las regiones de Chiriquí, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Coclé, Panamá y Colón. En la evaluación se utiliza el modelo matemático de zonificación propuesto por el Dr. Luis D. Alfaro, en febrero de 1992, el cual es aplicado sobre mapas a escala 1:50,000

Por uma política de conservaçäo da natureza: o desafio de Petrópolis / For a politics of environmental conservation: a challenge of Petropolis

Procede-se a um levantamento dos aspectos que explicam os deslizamentos das encostas das montanhas de Petrópolis, RJ, discutindo-se as alternativas para a execuçäo de um trabalho junto à comunidade na prevençäo de desastres semelhantes. (AMSB)