Dysregulation of Plasma Growth Factors and Chemokines in Cocaine Use Disorder: Implications for Dual Diagnosis with Schizophrenia and Antisocial Personality Disorder in an Exploratory Study.

INTRODUCTION: Dual diagnosis in individuals with cocaine use disorders (CUDs) presents a mental health challenge marked by an increased susceptibility to disabling morbidities and premature mortality. Despite extensive research on depression and anxiety, other prevalent comorbidities, such as psychotic and personality disorders, have received less attention. This study explores inflammation-related mediators as potential biomarkers for CUD and dual diagnosis with schizophrenia (SCZ) or antisocial personality disorder (APD). METHODS: This exploratory study included 95 participants, comprising 40 healthy subjects and 55 abstinent patients with CUD. Lifetime CUD was diagnosed either as single diagnosis (CUD group, N = 25) or as a dual diagnosis (DD group. N = 30) with SCZ (CUD+SCZ subgroup) or APD (CUD+APD subgroup). Participants were clinically assessed, and the plasma concentrations of growth factors (i.e., G-CSF, BDNF, and VEGF-A) and chemokines (i.e., CCL11/eotaxin-1, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL12/SDF-1) were determined and log(10)-transformed for analysis. RESULTS: Growth factors and chemokines were dysregulated by CUD and psychiatric diagnoses. Specifically, patients in the CUD group exhibited significantly lower concentrations of G-CSF and CCL11/eotaxin-1 than the control group. In contrast, the DD group showed significantly higher concentrations of all analytes than both the CUD and control groups. Additionally, no differences in these analytes were observed between the CUD+SCZ and CUD+APD subgroups within the DD group. Regarding cocaine-related variables, significant associations were identified in the CUD group: an inverse correlation between the age at first cocaine use and the concentrations of BDNF and CCL2/MCP-1; and a positive correlation between the duration of the cocaine abstinence and the concentrations of BDNF and CCL11/eotaxin-1. Lastly, a logistic regression model incorporating all these analytes demonstrated high discriminatory power in distinguishing patients with CUD alone from those with dual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with dual diagnosis of CUD exhibit elevated concentrations of growth factors and chemokines, distinguishing them from those with CUD alone. It is unclear whether the differences in these inflammatory mediators are specific to the presence of SCZ and APD. The study highlights potential biomarkers and associations, providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay of CUD and psychiatric disorders to enhance clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.

Early prenatal diagnosis of causative homozygous variants in ASCC1 in a fetus with cystic hygroma and additional homozygous variants of unknown significance associated with a neurological phenotype not visible in early gestation: Dual diagnosis or not?

A consanguineous couple was referred at 10 weeks of gestation (WG) for prenatal genetic investigations due to isolated cystic hygroma. Prenatal trio exome sequencing identified causative homozygous truncating variants in ASCC1 previously implicated in spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures. Prenatal manifestations in ASCC1 can usually include hydramnios, fetal hypo-/akinesia, arthrogryposis, contractures and limb deformities, hydrops fetalis and cystic hygroma. An additional truncating variant was identified in CSPP1 associated with Joubert syndrome. Presentations in CSPP1 include cerebellar and brainstem malformations with vermis hypoplasia and molar tooth sign, difficult to visualize in early gestation. A second pregnancy was marked by the recurrence of isolated increased nuchal translucency at 10 + 2 WG. Sanger prenatal diagnosis targeted on ASCC1 and CSPP1 variants showed the presence of the homozygous familial ASCC1 variant. In this case, prenatal exome sequencing analysis is subject to a partial ASCC1 phenotype and an undetectable CSPP1 phenotype at 10 weeks of gestation. As CSPP1 contribution is unclear or speculative to a potentially later in pregnancy or postnatal phenotype, it is mentioned as a variant of uncertain significance. The detection of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants involved in severe disorders but without phenotype-genotype correlation because the pregnancy is in the early stages or due to prenatally undetectable phenotypes, will encourage the clinical community to define future practices in molecular prenatal reporting.

Polypharmacy in antipsychotic pharmacological treatment among patients with dual diagnosis in Denmark.

INTRODUCTION: Antipsychotic polypharmacy is prevalent, however literature on antipsychotic polypharmacy during treatment among patients with dual diagnosis is largely non-existent. This study aims to investigating the extent of antipsychotic polypharmacy dual diagnosis patients during hospitalisations. METHODS: Utilizing cohort data from an integrated dual diagnosis in-patient facility from patients hospitalized between 1 March 2012, to 31 December 2016, we compared the mean antipsychotic medication administered at admission and discharge and examined covariate associations with logistic regressions. RESULTS: The study identified 907 hospital admissions, of which 641 were the first for each patient during the period. At admission, 74.1% received antipsychotics; polypharmacy spanned psychiatric disorders. categories. Patients with affective or personality spectrum disorders were less likely to have antipsychotic polypharmacy upon admission compared to those with psychosis spectrum disorders. 2013-2016 admissions presented less polypharmacy than 2012. Mean antipsychotic numbers remained unchanged for >30-day hospitalizations. Patients admitted without antipsychotic polypharmacy with an affective spectrum disorder or aged 41-50 or over 51 years old were less likely to be discharged with antipsychotic polypharmacy when compared to patients with psychosis spectrum disorder or aged 18-30 years old. CONCLUSION: Approximately three-quarters of admitted patients were treated with antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was observed across all psychiatric disorder categories, indicating potential off-label use. Addressing antipsychotic polypharmacy during treatment is challenging, even for specialised facilities. Rational antipsychotic prescribing, deprescribing protocols, and further prescription pattern research are needed.

JAK2 R683S Mutation Resulting in Dual Diagnoses of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Overlap Syndrome.

A 66-year-old male presented with hypereosinophilia, thrombocytosis, extensive thrombosis refractory to direct oral anticoagulant therapy, and evidence of end-organ damage, including rash, splenic infarcts, and pulmonary infiltrates. Bone marrow biopsy revealed myeloid malignancy consistent with both chronic eosinophilic leukemia and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) with SF3B1 mutation and thrombocytosis. Next-generation sequencing of the patient's eosinophils and neutrophil compartments revealed pathologic variants in EZH2 and SF3B1 in addition to a noncanonical JAK2 R683S mutation that has not been previously described in myeloproliferative disorders or other chronic myeloid neoplasms. These mutations were not present in the patient's lymphoid cell fraction, suggesting that the hematopoietic malignancy arose in a myeloid-committed progenitor cell. Based on this case and previous work from our group, we propose that noncanonical JAK2 mutations may permit signal transduction that biases toward eosinophilic differentiation in chronic myeloid neoplasms. Although the patient's blood counts initially responded to ruxolitinib and hydroxyurea, the response was not durable. Early referral for allogenic bone marrow transplant appears necessary to prevent long-term complications and disease progression in myeloid neoplasms with clonal hypereosinophilia driven by noncanonical JAK2 mutations.

Dual diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and sickle cell disease in a teenage male.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are relatively common genetic conditions with considerable overlap in clinical presentation. In addition to similarities between the signs and symptoms in sickle cell nephropathy and ADPKD, more than half of SCD patients have kidney cysts. The co-occurrence of these two diseases has not been previously reported in the literature. CASE DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: A 16-year-old Black male with SCD had bilateral kidney enlargement and multiple simple cysts on ultrasound. Although kidney cysts are significantly more common in individuals affected with SCD, genetic testing with a broad kidney gene panel was performed to explore the possible presence of another underlying genetic cause of his cysts, in addition to SCD. A dual diagnosis of SCD and ADPKD was made following the identification of two copies of the common pathogenic sickle cell HBB variant (c.20A > T, p.Glu7Val) and a pathogenic missense variant in PKD1 (c.8311G > A, p.Glu2771Lys). CONCLUSIONS: SCD and ADPKD differ in pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment regimens. As such, it will be paramount for this teenager to be closely monitored for signs of diminished kidney function and to be co-managed as he transitions to adult care to ensure proper treatment and management. Early identification of individuals with both SCD and a co-occurring condition is crucial to ensuring proper clinical management. Furthermore, identifying and reporting additional patients with SCD and ADPKD dual diagnoses will help us to understand the co-occurring disease course and optimal treatments.

Consumo de sustancias: caracterización de pacientes pertenecientes a la unidad de salud mental adultos- Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena / Substance use: characterization of patients belonging to the adult mental health unit - Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital

Introducción: las sustancias psicoactivas han formado parte de la existencia humana por miles de años, han sido empleadas con distintos fines, consolidando su uso y abuso durante los últimos años como una condición altamente prevalente en la sociedad. Actualmente, existen gran cantidad de sustancias y, así mismo, diversas formas de clasificación. En términos de prevalencia mundial hasta el momento no hay un estándar de oro que permita medir de manera exacta el consumo según cada región geográfica, lo que dificulta el estudio y constituye un desafío al momento de realizar comparaciones entre regiones. No obstante, en términos de prevalencia mundial, la sustancia más consumida es el alcohol, seguida por cannabis, opioides, anfetaminas y cocaína respectivamente. Objetivo: caracterizar pacientes adultos del policlínico de salud mental del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena con diagnóstico relacionado al consumo de sustancias y establecer las principales sustancias consumidas. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la población objetivo mediante revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes adultos atendidos en policlínico de salud mental del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena, durante los años 2018, 2019, 2020. Los antecedentes recolectados del estudio se analizaron según la población general y se compararon según género. Resultados: en la muestra estudiada, 73.2% de los consumidores son de sexo masculino, siendo el alcohol la sustancia de mayor consumo, seguida por cocaína, marihuana y benzodiacepinas.

Introduction: psychoactive substances have been part of the existence of humanity for thousands of years and have been used for different purposes, consolidating its use and abuse in recent years as a highly prevalent condition in our society. They are a large number of substances, and also various forms of classification. In terms of world prevalence, to date, there is no gold standard method that allows the exact measurement of substance consumption to each geographical region, which makes the study difficult and constitutes a challenge when making comparisons between regions. However, in terms of world prevalence, the most consumed substance is alcohol, followed by cannabis, opioids, amphetamines, and cocaine respectively. Objective: characterize adult patients of the mental health polyclinic of the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital with a diagnosis related to substance use and establish the main substances consumed. Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the target population by reviewing the clinical records of adult patients treated at the mental health polyclinic of the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital, during the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The antecedents collected from the study were analyzed according to the general population and compared according to gender. Results: In the sample studied, 73.2% of the users are male, alcohol being the substance most consumed, followed by cocaine, marijuana, and benzodiazepines

Delineation of dual molecular diagnosis in patients with skeletal deformity.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal deformity is characterized by an abnormal anatomical structure of bone and cartilage. In our previous studies, we have found that a substantial proportion of patients with skeletal deformity could be explained by monogenic disorders. More recently, complex phenotypes caused by more than one genetic defect (i.e., dual molecular diagnosis) have also been reported in skeletal deformities and may complicate the diagnostic odyssey of patients. In this study, we report the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of patients with dual molecular diagnosis and variable skeletal deformities. RESULTS: From 1108 patients who underwent exome sequencing, we identified eight probands with dual molecular diagnosis and variable skeletal deformities. All eight patients had dual diagnosis consisting of two autosomal dominant diseases. A total of 16 variants in 12 genes were identified, 5 of which were of de novo origin. Patients with dual molecular diagnosis presented blended phenotypes of two genetic diseases. Mendelian disorders occurred more than once include Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I (COL1A1, MIM:166200), Neurofibromatosis, Type I (NF1, MIM:162200) and Marfan Syndrome (FBN1, MIM:154700). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the complicated skeletal phenotypes associated with dual molecular diagnosis. Exome sequencing represents a powerful tool to detect such complex conditions.

Dual Diagnosis and Alcohol/Nicotine Use Disorders: Native American and White Hospital Patients in 3 States.

INTRODUCTION: Nationally, mental illness prevalence is comparable among Native Americans and Whites experiencing alcohol and nicotine use disorders. However, authors are concerned that mental illness in Native Americans with substance use disorders may be disparately underdiagnosed in medical settings. For 3 states with large Native American populations, this study compares the prevalence of mental illness diagnoses among Native Americans and Whites hospitalized with alcohol/nicotine use disorders. METHODS: In 2021, hospital discharge data were used to compare non-Hispanic Native Americans with non-Hispanic Whites in Arizona and New Mexico (2016-2018) and (regardless of Hispanic ethnicity) Native Americans with Whites in Oklahoma (2016-2017). Differences in any mental illness, mood, and anxiety diagnoses were assessed using multilevel regressions (adjusted for demographics, payor, comorbidities, facility). Adjusted predicted probabilities were constructed. RESULTS: Among alcohol-related discharges, probabilities of non-Hispanic Native Americans and non-Hispanic Whites receiving any mental illness diagnoses in Arizona were 18.0% (95% CI=16.1, 19.9) and 36.8% (95% CI=34.1, 39.5), respectively; in New Mexico, they were 24.5% (95% CI=20.7, 28.3) and 43.4% (95% CI=38.7, 48.1). Oklahoma's probabilities for Native Americans and Whites were 30.7% (95% CI=27.4, 34.0) and 36.8% (95% CI=33.5, 40.2), respectively. Among nicotine-related discharges, any mental illness diagnosis probabilities for non-Hispanic Native Americans and non-Hispanic Whites in Arizona were 21.2% (95% CI=18.9, 23.5) and 33.1% (95% CI=30.3, 35.9), respectively; in New Mexico, they were 25.9% (95% CI=22.7, 29.1) and 37.4% (95% CI=33.8, 40.9). Oklahoma's probabilities for Native Americans and Whites were 27.3% (95% CI=25.1, 29.6) and 30.2% (95% CI=28.0, 32.4), respectively. Mood and anxiety diagnoses were also significantly lower for non-Hispanic Native Americans in Arizona/New Mexico and Native Americans in Oklahoma. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest disparate underdiagnosis of mental illness among Native Americans hospitalized with alcohol/nicotine use disorders in the examined states.

Padecimiento mental y consumo problemático en jóvenes en conflicto con la ley / Padecimiento mental y consumo problemático en jóvenes en conflicto con la ley

El presente recorrido se inserta en el marco del Equipo Interdisciplinario de Responsabilidad Joven (para jóvenes en conflicto con la ley), dependiente de la Dirección de Niñez y Adolescencia del municipio de Tres de Febrero. Este equipo está integrado por dos Lic. en Trabajo Social, tres Lic. en Psicología y una Psicóloga Social, quienes somos convocados por la justicia para evaluar situaciones de vulneración o riesgo de vulneración de derechos en niñas, niños o adolescentes involucrados en alguna causa penal, para ser abordados en función de la restitución de los mismos y, en consecuencia, y realizar estrategias de intervención que tiendan a evitar futuras situaciones de transgresión a la ley penal. En este contexto se reciben casos de jóvenes con causas de robo, abuso sexual, agresiones o contravenciones leves, entre otras y a partir de las cuales se activan los circuitos necesarios para articular con los distintos sectores que participan de la vida cotidiana de los mismos. A partir del caso de un joven de 17 años con quien se interviene desde el año 2019 por haber cometido algunos delitos menores, y sumado a situaciones de violencia familiar, nos proponemos analizar uno de los mayores obstáculos que se presenta en el abordaje intersectorial, producto de la misma complejidad que construye a los casos. Nos referimos a la situación en la que surgen padecimientos duales de su evaluación, con problemáticas de consumo y de salud mental. Con esto, buscamos situar algunas coordenadas propias del abordaje de este equipo en interrelación con los distintos sectores intervinientes. Entre ellos el área de educación y el de salud, con quienes más se articulan nuestras intervenciones cotidianamente

Managing a Dual Diagnosis of Cancer and Dementia in an Acute Setting: Considerations, Implications, and Future Recommendations.

OBJECTIVES: To present an overview of the issues related to the well-being of people affected by cancer and dementia. To highlight the evidence from dementia care that can help improve the care experiences of people with dementia and cancer. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases such as PubMed and CINAHL were used to retrieve relevant literature published between 2010 and 2020. CONCLUSION: Having a dual diagnosis of dementia and cancer poses several challenges across the cancer care pathway. Communication, treatment decision-making, environment ,and time-related issues were all identified. The literature suggests the need for evidence-based guidelines taking into consideration the person and the environment to support this population. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: To address these challenges and offer an optimal care experience for this group and their families, solutions need to focus both on the workforce and the environment. Offering dementia education for professionals working in acute cancer care, as well as adapting local environments that facilitate people navigate the space can be a starting point to offer person-centered, rights-based dementia sensitive care.

Pediatric Patients with a Dual Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis.

ABSTRACT: There is a paucity of information about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of patients with a dual diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). A retrospective chart review was performed of patients at McMaster Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of either IBD or CRMO, to identify those with the dual diagnosis over a 10-year period. A dual diagnosis was identified in seven patients. Most patients (6/7) had a diagnosis of IBD first and were subsequently diagnosed with CRMO. At the time of CRMO diagnosis, IBD treatment regimens included one or more of, sulfasalazine (1/6), infliximab (3/6), adalimumab (1/6), or no treatment (1/6). Although the etiology of the link remains unknown, there does not seem to be an association to a specific IBD subtype, age, or treatment. Our patient population demonstrated a response to biologic agents, specifically tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, as treatment for both conditions.

Determinants of Quality of Life in Individuals With a Dual Diagnosis of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the associations among clinical characteristics, fatigue, diabetes mellitus (DM) self-care activities, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with resectable pancreatic cancer and DM. SAMPLE & SETTING: 57 individuals with resectable pancreatic cancer and DM from an outpatient pancreatic surgical department in Taiwan were included in the final analysis. METHODS & VARIABLES: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. QOL, fatigue, and DM self-care were measured by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire-Core 30, the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. RESULTS: Participants who had a shorter duration of DM and higher levels of fatigue (including intensity, duration, and interference) reported lower QOL scores. Participants who performed more DM self-care activities and physical activity per week had higher QOL scores. Fatigue, DM self-care activities, and DM duration were significant factors related to QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Shorter DM duration, increased fatigue, and fewer DM self-care activities were determinants of worse QOL in individuals with resectable pancreatic cancer and DM.

Adverse Events Among Emergency Department Patients With Cardiovascular Conditions: A Multicenter Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine incidence and type of adverse events (adverse outcomes related to emergency care) among emergency department (ED) patients discharged with recent-onset atrial fibrillation, acute heart failure, and syncope. METHODS: This 5-year prospective cohort study included high-acuity adult patients discharged with the 3 sentinel diagnoses from 6 tertiary care Canadian EDs. We screened all ED visits for eligibility and performed telephone interviews 14 days postdischarge to identify flagged outcomes: death, hospital admission, return ED visit, health care provider visit, and new or worsening symptoms. We created case summaries describing index ED visit and flagged outcomes, and trained emergency physicians reviewed case summaries to identify adverse events. We reported adverse event incidence and rates with 95% confidence intervals and contributing factor themes. RESULTS: Among 4,741 subjects (mean age 70.2 years; 51.2% men), we observed 170 adverse events (3.6 per 100 patients; 95% confidence interval 3.1 to 4.2). Patients discharged with acute heart failure were most likely to experience adverse events (5.3%), followed by those with atrial fibrillation (2.0%) and syncope (0.8%). We noted variation in absolute adverse event rates across sites from 0.7 to 6.0 per 100 patients. The most common adverse event types were management issues, diagnostic issues, and unsafe disposition decisions. Frequent contributing factor themes included failure to recognize underlying causes and inappropriate management of dual diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Among adverse events after ED discharge for patients with these 3 sentinel cardiovascular diagnoses, we identified quality improvement opportunities such as strengthening dual diagnosis detection and evidence-based clinical practice guideline adherence.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Dual Diagnosis Hiding in Plain Sight.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a significantly higher risk for developing a substance use disorder (SUD) than the general population yet literature addressing cooccurring ASD and SUD is scarce. This article explores connections between ASD and SUD and the impact on development, screening and treatment. The article proposes culturally constructed narratives associated with both diagnoses may be responsible for the dearth of research and literature. Constructed narratives of ASD and SUD do not naturally intersect and the resulting disconnect can create a cognitive dissonance that could allow the medical and general community to neglect this life-threatening dual diagnosis.

Disconnect between psychiatric and addiction services: a review of patients' attendances at Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Services after a psychiatric admission.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of attendance at Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Services (ATODS) for patients discharged from an acute mental health unit with a primary/secondary diagnosis of substance use disorder (SUD); and describe factors, demographics, diagnoses and service provision that relate to their attendance. METHOD: All inpatients between 1 November 2016 and 31 October 2017 with a diagnosis of SUD were compared for their attendance at ATODS within 30 days of discharge. Other measures included their admission data (e.g. demographics, diagnosis), and indices of their illness severity. RESULTS: Of 1295 admissions for a total of 900 patients, 32.4% of patients had an SUD diagnosis. Only 10.3% of these patients attended ATODS. There were no significant differences by gender, age, indigenous status, illness severity or dual diagnosis intervention during their inpatient stay on attendance. Relative to the SUD-only group, individuals with any psychiatric comorbidity were three-four times less likely to attend ATODS. CONCLUSION: Despite the ongoing emphasis on dual diagnosis treatment, the rate of engagement with ATODS remains low. Further review is needed to determine whether enhanced information sharing or case management models may improve attendance rates.

Three-Year Outcomes After Brief Treatment of Substance Use and Mood Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents exhibiting co-occurring substance use and mental health problems may improve outcomes and have long-lasting effects. This study examined the relationship between access to SBIRT and substance use, depression and medical diagnoses, and health services use at 1 and 3 years postscreening for such adolescents. METHODS: The study draws from a cluster-randomized trial comparing SBIRT to usual care (UC) for adolescents endorsing past-year substance use and recent mood symptoms during visits to a general pediatrics clinic between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2013, in a large, integrated health system (N = 1851); this sample examined the subset of adolescents endorsing both problems (n = 289). Outcomes included depression, substance use and medical diagnoses, and emergency department and outpatient visits 1 and 3 years later. RESULTS: The SBIRT group had lower odds of depression diagnoses at 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31; confidence interval [CI] = 0.11-0.87) and 3 years (OR = 0.51; CI = 0.28-0.94) compared with the UC group. At 3 years, the SBIRT group had lower odds of a substance use diagnosis (OR = 0.46; CI = 0.23-0.92), and fewer emergency department visits (rate ratio = 0.65; CI = 0.44-0.97) than UC group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that SBIRT may prevent health complications and avert costly services use among adolescents with both mental health and substance use problems. As SBIRT is implemented widely in pediatric primary care, training pediatricians to discuss substance use and mental health problems can translate to positive outcomes for these vulnerable adolescents.

Multidimensional Structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Factorial Validity and Reliability in Patients With Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Lithuania.

AIMS: The current study aimed to evaluate the factorial structure of the Lithuanian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in patients with anxiety and mood disorders (AMD). METHODS: The AUDIT was completed by 199 consecutive outpatients with AMD (21% men, mean age 39 ± 12 years), as defined by AMD criteria in DSM-5. The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used for current diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. RESULTS: In patients with AMD, the AUDIT showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88) and good psychometric characteristics for identifying current AUD at a cut-off value of ≥9 (positive predictive value = 83.7%, sensitivity = 94.7%, specificity = 95.7%). The confirmatory factor analysis suggested a three-factor ('consumption', 'dependence' and 'related consequences') structure and indicated adequate fit to the model (comparative fit index = 0.966, normed fit index = 0.936, root mean square error of approximation = 0.072). CONCLUSIONS: The findings are in line with increasing evidence suggesting that the AUDIT measures three separate factors related to alcohol misuse level of consumption, dependence and alcohol-related consequences and support the utility of AUDIT as a screening instrument for AUD in AMD patients in Lithuania.