RESUMO
Inglaterra fue cuna de una importante escuela médica durante el siglo XIX, en tiempos de la reina Victoria. Allí surgió Thomas Addison, investigador y práctico eminente que hizo la descripción de la enfermedad bronceada y definio el papel de las glandulas suprarrenales, sentando las bases de la moderna endocrinología. Junto a Addison brillaron Richard Bright y Thomas Hodgkin, figuras estelares de la clínica, constituyendo un célebre triunvirato que fue rector de la medicina en el Guy Hospital de la ciudad de Londres durante un lapso prolongado.
Assuntos
Doença de Addison/história , Médicos/história , Inglaterra , História da Medicina , Insuficiência Adrenal/históriaAssuntos
Dor nas Costas/história , Pessoas Famosas , Doença de Addison/complicações , Doença de Addison/história , Dor nas Costas/complicações , Dor nas Costas/terapia , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/história , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/complicações , Hipersensibilidade/história , Masculino , Osteoporose/etiologia , Osteoporose/história , Estados Unidos , Infecções Urinárias/históriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A review of the understanding and treatment of adrenal insufficiency was undertaken to emphasize common themes in the history of endocrine disorders. METHODS: Literature survey. RESULTS: The presence of the adrenal glands, initially ignored by anatomists, was first described by Eustachius and later confirmed by Casserius. Bartholin identified the glands as ductless. In 1855, Thomas Addison described the clinical syndrome of adrenal insufficiency. Medullary hormonal effects were described by Oliver and Shäfer in 1895; epinephrine was isolated by Takamini, and the secretory patterns were characterized by Cannon. Cortical function was elucidated by Biedl and Stewart and Rogoff, and the first cortical hormones were synthesized by Reichenstein. Hormonal replacement therapy paved the way for the first bilateral adrenalectomy, which was performed in 1950. CONCLUSIONS: This review underscores the historical themes in endocrine diseases: discovery of the glands, identification of their hormonal products, use of the hormones for therapy, and biosynthesis for pharmacologic applications.
Assuntos
Doença de Addison/história , Glândulas Suprarrenais , Doença de Addison/fisiopatologia , Doença de Addison/terapia , Corticosteroides/história , Corticosteroides/fisiologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Glândulas Suprarrenais/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiopatologia , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , HumanosRESUMO
A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had abdominal surgery in 1936.