Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Attitudes and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Gay and Bisexual Men.

BACKGROUNDS: Positive attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, such as reduced concern about HIV transmissibility, are associated with sexual behaviors that may increase the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We examined associations between HIV treatment attitudes and bacterial STI diagnoses among GBM in Canada's three largest cities. METHODS: We fit a structural equation model between HIV treatment attitudes and bacterial STI diagnoses via sexual behaviors in the Engage study's baseline data. We estimated direct and indirect paths between scores on HIV treatment attitudes and STIs via number of male anal sex partners, condomless anal sex, and oral sex. We conducted sub-analyses with participants stratified by HIV serostatus. RESULTS: Among 2449 GBM recruited in 2017 to 2019, there was a direct association between HIV treatment attitudes and current STI diagnoses (ß = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07-0.19; P < 0.001). The mediated model revealed a positive total indirect effect through 2 pathways: (1) engaging in condomless anal sex and (2) number of male anal sex partners and condomless anal sex. These 2 indirect pathways remained in the stratified mediation models for both HIV negative GBM and for GBM living with HIV. CONCLUSIONS: The association between HIV treatment attitudes and diagnosed STIs is mediated through a higher number of male anal sex partners and condomless anal sex. The results highlight the importance of providers educating patients when providing effective STI counseling, testing, and prevention for GBM about how accurate HIV treatment attitudes may inadvertently be associated with the bacterial STI epidemic.

Improving Effective Chlamydia Screening for Women at Risk at a Rural Family Planning Clinic.

Background: Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, with an incidence of 1.7 million infections annually. It results in an estimated $691 million in lifetime medical costs. Objective: The objective of the project was to improve effective care for women at risk of chlamydia infection in a rural family planning clinic to 80% in 90 days. Methods: The Plan-Do-Study-Act process of quality improvement (QI) was implemented over four 2-week cycles. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed iteratively and informed tests of change for each cycle. Results: Results indicated an improvement in effective care from a baseline of 42%-81%. Patient visit time decreased from 38 minutes at baseline to 23 minutes. Compared with pre-implementation, the number of positive chlamydia test results went from three to six, doubling the positivity rate, while the number of chlamydia tests billed increased by 32%. Conclusions: This project was successful in improving effective care. Implementing a standardized risk assessment decreased patient visit time. Implications for nursing: QI projects directed at meeting national standards for STI screening can be implemented in rural health clinics at low cost and with high impact.

Factors Associated With Willingness to Use Daily Antibiotics as Sexually Transmitted Infection Prophylaxis Among HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis-Experienced Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Gay and bisexual men (GBM) who use HIV preexposure prophylaxis (HIV-PrEP) have high rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The use of daily antibiotics as STI preexposure prophylaxis (STI-PrEP) may be appealing to GBM who are using or have previously used HIV-PrEP (HIV-PrEP-experienced) for the prevention of bacterial STIs. METHODS: We examined willingness to use daily STI-PrEP among a cross-sectional sample of HIV-PrEP-experienced GBM in Australia who participated in an observational online cohort study from August 2018 to March 2020. Factors associated with willingness to use daily STI-PrEP were determined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1347 participants, half (54.3%) were willing to use daily STI-PrEP. Factors independently associated with greater willingness to use daily STI-PrEP included having >10 sexual partners in the last 6 months, using methamphetamine in the last 6 months, being more conscious about avoiding STIs, having a greater number of STIs since commencing HIV-PrEP, being willing to take HIV-PrEP for as long as they were at risk of acquiring HIV, and only using condoms when a sexual partner requested them. Conversely, factors associated with less willingness to use daily STI-PrEP included being university educated, using nondaily dosing regimens of HIV-PrEP, preferring event-driven HIV-PrEP, and being concerned about long-term HIV-PrEP adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Sexually transmitted infection PrEP is likely to be appealing to many HIV-PrEP-experienced GBM, especially those who engage in activities associated with a higher risk of STI transmission. However, they are less likely to be willing to use STI-PrEP unless it aligns with their HIV-PrEP dosing regimen, suggesting that research into the safety and efficacy of alternative STI prophylaxis dosing options should be prioritized.

La adenopatía como clave diagnóstica para la sífilis primaria. Informe de casos / Adenopathy as diagnostic key for primary syphilis. Case reports

Objetivo: Describir tres situaciones clínicas en las que se presentan distintas manifestaciones bucales para una misma entidad patológica. En los tres casos la sospe- cha diagnóstica de sífilis primaria se basó en la presencia de una adenopatía. Los estudios de laboratorio permitieron confirmar el diagnóstico de sífilis. Por su polimorfismo y variabilidad clínica en sus diferentes etapas evolutivas, la sífilis es descripta clásicamente como "la gran simuladora". Este artículo propone que la presencia de adenomegalias características puede ser una clave para orientar el diagnós- tico de la patología, lo cual no ha sido aún reportado en la literatura. Casos clínicos: Se presentan tres casos clínicos de pa- cientes que acudieron a una consulta estomatológica privada y al Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital Alemán de Bue- nos Aires. Los tres acuden con signos y síntomas diferentes, pero compartiendo la presencia de adenopatías múltiples, en las que se destaca un elemento ganglionar más voluminoso (AU)

Aim: To describe three clinical cases that present dif- ferent oral manifestations for the same pathological entity. In all three cases, the suspected diagnosis of primary syph- ilis was based on the presence of an adenopathy. Labora- tory studies confirmed the diagnosis of syphilis. Due to its polymorphism and clinical variability in the different evo- lutionary stages, syphilis is classically described as "the great simulator". This article proposes that the presence of characteristic adenomegalies can be a key to guide the di- agnosis, which has not yet been reported in the literature. Clinical reports: Three clinical cases of patients who attended a private stomatology consultation and the Stoma- tology Service of the Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires are presented. The three patients showed different signs and symptoms but shared the presence of multiple adenopathies with a more voluminous ganglial element (AU)

Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence Among Southern Men Who Have Sex With Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Treatment as Prevention Era, 2014-2019.

In this retrospective analysis of men who have sex with men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the South from 2014 through 2019, incident bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased regardless of virologic control. Clinicians should prioritize STI screening and management in primary HIV care.

Assistance to Victims of Sexual Violence in a Referral Service: A 10-Year Experience / Assistência a vítimas de violência sexual em um serviço de referência: Uma experiência de 10 Anos

Abstract Objective To evaluate the assistance provided to women victims of sexual violence and their participation in the follow-up treatment after the traumatic event, presenting a sociodemographic profile, gynecological background, and circumstances of the event, and reporting the results, acceptance, and side effects of prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy. Methods A retrospective cohort study comprising the period between 2007 and 2016. All women receiving medical care and clinical follow-up after a severe episode of sexual violence were included. Records of domestic violence, male victims, children, and adolescents who reported consensual sexual activity were excluded. The present study included descriptive statistics as frequencies and percentages. Results A total of 867medical records were reviewed and 444 cases of sexual violence were included. The age of the victims ranged from10 to 77 years old, most of them selfdeclared white, with between 4 and 8 years of education, and denying having a sexual partner. Sexual violence occurred predominantly at night, on public thoroughfare, being committed by an unknown offender. Most victims were assisted at the referral service center within 72 hours after the violence, enabling the recommended prophylaxis. There was high acceptance of antiretroviral therapy (ART), although half of the users reported side effects. Seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was not detected in women undergoing prophylaxis. Conclusion In the present cohort, the profile of victims of sexual violence was loweducated, young, white women. The traumatic event occurred predominantly at night, on public thoroughfare, being committed by an unknown offender. Assistance within the first 72 hours after sexual violence enables the healthcare center to provide prophylactic interventions against STIs and unwanted pregnancies.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a assistência prestada às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual e seu acompanhamento após o evento traumático, caracterizando o perfil sociodemográfico, antecedentes ginecológicos e circunstâncias do evento, além de relatar a aceitação e os efeitos colaterais da profilaxia para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e a ocorrência de gravidez resultante da violência sexual. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo compreendendo o período entre 2007 e 2016. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres em acompanhamento médico e clínico após episódio de violência sexual. Foram excluídos registros de violência doméstica, vítimas do sexo masculino e crianças e adolescentes que relataram atividade sexual consensual. O estudo incluiu estatísticas descritivas, com frequências e percentuais. Resultados Foram revisados 867 prontuários e 444 casos de violência sexual foram incluídos. A faixa etária foi 10 a 77 anos; a maioria das vítimas se autodeclarou branca, com entre 4 e 8 anos de escolaridade, e negou ter um parceiro sexual fixo. A violência sexual ocorreu predominantemente à noite, em via pública, por um agressor desconhecido. A maioria foi atendida no serviço de referência em até 72 horas após a violência, possibilitando profilaxias preconizadas. Houve alta aceitação da terapia antirretroviral (TARV), embora metade das usuárias relatasse efeitos colaterais. A soroconversão para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV, na sigla em inglês) ou para o vírus da hepatite B (HBV, na sigla em inglês) não foi detectada entre as vítimas. Conclusão Nesta coorte, o perfil das vítimas de violência sexual foi de mulheres brancas, de baixa escolaridade, e jovens. O evento traumático ocorreu predominantemente à noite, em via pública, por um agressor desconhecido. A assistência nas primeiras 72 horas após a violência sexual permite que o serviço de saúde realize intervenções profiláticas contra ISTs e gravidez indesejada.

Gardnerella vaginalis in urinary tract infections, are men spared?

Gardnerella vaginalis in association with anaerobes has been linked to bacterial vaginosis in women, while urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men have rarely been reported. The aim of the review was to reveal the significance of G. vaginalis UTIs in men. Prevalence of G. vaginalis UTIs in men varied from 0.5 to >27% according to patients' groups. Most patients had comorbidity such as urolithiasis or stents, transplants, tumors and diabetes, however, infections can also affect immunocompetent patients. We observed G. vaginalis-associated bacteriuria and leukocyturia in a kidney transplant man. Complications of the UTIs such as bacteremia (in 9/11 cases), hydronephrosis (4/11) and abscesses or septic emboli have been reported. Bacterial vaginosis in female partners has been a risk factor for UTIs in males. In women, biofilm Gardnerella phenotype, stabilized by Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella bivia was linked to ≥6-fold higher antibiotic resistance rates compared with the planktonic phenotype. Non-susceptibility to metronidazole and levofloxacin was found also in males. Therefore, if aerobic urine cultures are negative, urine and blood samples from male patients with predisposing factors and clinical signs of UTIs and bacteremia, can be taken. Plates should be incubated for 2-4 days in capnophilic/microaerophilic conditions, however only anaerobic incubation can help with detecting G. vaginalis strains which grow only anaerobically. Susceptibility testing of the isolates is highly important. Briefly, adherent G. vaginalis phenotype can be sexually transmissible. Despite the infrequency of G. vaginalis UTIs in men, the infections should be considered since they are often linked to severe complications.

Changes in the prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted bacterial infections from 2010 and 2017 in two large European samples of men having sex with men-is it time to re-evaluate STI-screening as a control strategy?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many European countries reported increased numbers of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in recent years. Behaviour changes and increased testing are thought to drive these increases. METHODS: In 2010 and 2017, two large online surveys for MSM in Europe (EMIS-2010, EMIS-2017) collected self-reported data on STI diagnoses in the previous 12 months, diagnostic procedures, STI symptoms when testing, number of sexual partners, and sexual behaviours such as condom use during the last intercourse with a non-steady partner in 46 European countries. Multivariate regression models were used to analyse factors associated with diagnoses of syphilis, gonorrhoea/chlamydia, and respective diagnoses classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic. If applicable, they included country-level screening rates. RESULTS: Questions on STI diagnoses and sexual behaviours were answered by 156,018 (2010) and 125,837 (2017) participants. Between 2010 and 2017, overall diagnoses with gonorrhoea/chlamydia and syphilis increased by 76% and 83% across countries. Increases were more pronounced for asymptomatic compared to symptomatic infections. The proportion of respondents screened and the frequency of screening grew considerably. Condomless anal intercourse with the last non-steady partner rose by 62%; self-reported partner numbers grew. Increased syphilis diagnoses were largely explained by behavioural changes (including more frequent screening). Gonorrhoea/chlamydia increases were mainly explained by more screening and a change in testing performance. A country variable representing the proportion of men screened for asymptomatic infection was positively associated with reporting symptomatic gonorrhoea/chlamydia, but not syphilis. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The positive association of country-level screening rates with the proportion of symptomatic infections with gonorrhoea/chlamydia may indicate a paradoxical effect of screening on incidence of symptomatic infections. Treatment of asymptomatic men might render them more susceptible to new infections, while spontaneous clearance may result in reduced susceptibility. Before expanding screening programmes, evidence of the effects of screening and treatment is warranted.

Cauliflower-shaped lesions on a young woman's vulva.

A 20-year-old young woman with cauliflower-shaped lesions on her vulva was misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminatum. Further evaluation revealed positive serological tests for syphilis. On histological examination, and numerous plasma cells were seen to infiltrate the dermis heavily. The cauliflower-shaped lesions on vulva completely disappeared after benzathine penicillin treatment. Cauliflower-shaped lesions are a rare manifestation of secondary syphilis.

Rab Proteins: Insights into Intracellular Trafficking in Endometrium.

Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of small monomeric GTPases. These G proteins are the main controllers of vesicular transport in every tissue, among them, the endometrium. They are in charge of to the functional subcellular compartmentalization and cargo transport between organelles and the plasma membrane. In turn, intracellular trafficking contributes to endometrial changes during the menstrual cycle, secretion to the uterine fluid, and trophoblast implantation; however, few reports analyze the role of Rab proteins in the uterus. In general, Rab proteins control the release of cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, and mucus. Further, the secretion of multiple compounds into the uterine cavity is required for successful implantation. Therefore, alterations in Rab-controlled intracellular transport likely impair secretory processes to the uterine fluid that may correlate with abnormal endometrial development and failed reproductive outcomes. Overall, they could explain recurrent miscarriages, female infertility, and/or assisted reproductive failure. Interestingly, estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) regulate gene expression of Rab proteins involved in secretory pathways. This review aims to gather information regarding the role of Rab proteins and intracellular trafficking in the endometrium during the different menstrual phases, and in the generation of a receptive stage for embryo implantation, modulated by E2 and P. This knowledge might be useful for the development of novel reproductive therapies that overcome low implantation rates of assisted reproductive procedures.

Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with testing for HIV and STIs in a US nationwide sample of transgender men who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVES: Transgender men who have sex with men (TMSM) represent an understudied population in relation to screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We examined HIV and STI testing prevalence among TMSM along with the factors associated with testing in a diverse US nationwide sample of TMSM. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional online convenience sample of 192 TMSM were analysed using multivariable binary logistic regression models to examine the association between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and lifetime testing for HIV, bacterial STIs and viral STIs, as well as past year testing for HIV. RESULTS: More than two-thirds of TMSM reported lifetime testing for HIV (71.4%), bacterial STIs (66.7%), and viral STIs (70.8%), and 60.9% had received HIV testing in the past year. Engaging in condomless anal sex with a casual partner whose HIV status is different or unknown and having fewer than two casual partners in the past 6 months were related to lower odds of lifetime HIV, bacterial STI, viral STI and past year HIV testing. Being younger in age was related to lower probability of testing for HIV, bacterial STIs and viral STIs. Furthermore, TMSM residing in the South were less likely to be tested for HIV and viral STIs in their lifetime, and for HIV in the past year. Finally, lower odds of lifetime testing for viral STIs was found among TMSM who reported no drug use in the past 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that a notable percentage of TMSM had never tested for HIV and bacterial and viral STIs, though at rates only somewhat lower than among cisgender MSM despite similar patterns of risk behaviour. Efforts to increase HIV/STI testing among TMSM, especially among those who engage in condomless anal sex, are needed.

Prevalence of sexually transmissible infections and HIV in men attending sex-on-premises venues in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background In Australia, men who have sex with men (MSM) have high rates sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and sex-on-premises venue (SOPV) patrons are at risk. This paper assesses Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), syphilis and HIV prevalence in men tested at Australian SOPVs and describes testing services. METHODS: EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and international conference proceedings were searched for articles reporting on-site SOPV testing between 1 January 2000 and 31 January 2017. Meta-analysis calculated pooled prevalence estimates of STIs by anatomical site. RESULTS: Twelve cross-sectional studies were identified. Most (8/12) were local sexual health clinics (SHC) outreach services. Participants' mean age was 41.1 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 37.0-43.3; range 17 to 84 years). Testing included CT and NG (9/12), HIV (8/12) and syphilis (5/12). CT and NG prevalence overall summary estimates were 3.4% (95% CI 1.9-5.2%, I2 = 88.7%, P < 0.01) and 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-2.2%, I2 = 75.5%, P < 0.01) respectively. CT and NG prevalence was highest in the ano-rectum and oro-pharynx respectively. The HIV and syphilis pooled estimates were 2.3% (95% CI 1.6-2.9%, I2 = 93.1%, P < 0.01) and 3.2% (95% CI 1.8-4.6%, I2 = 72.8%, P < 0.01) respectively. Participation rate varied. CONCLUSION: This review examines HIV and STI testing in Australian SOPVs before HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Findings indicate a high prevalence of STIs. PrEP use and resultant condomless sex may influence STI prevalence. Further research is required to determine the effect of PrEP on the STI prevalence among SOPV patrons.

[Ocular syphilis, a re-emergent pathology: Series of 12 patients in one Hospital, 2017]. / La syphilis oculaire, une pathologie ré-émergente : série de 12 patients au CHU de Marseille en 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. All organs might be affected, but ocular syphilis only occurs in 0.6 percent of patients. We collected all cases of ocular syphilis requiring hospitalization at the University Hospital Center (UHC) in Marseille in 2017. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective monocentric study. The diagnosis of ocular syphilis was based on the combination of ocular inflammation with a positive syphilitic serology. For each patient, sex, age, HIV status, ocular and extraocular symptoms, initial visual acuity, syphilis serology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis if done, treatment and clinical response were collected. RESULTS: Ten men and two women, aged 28 to 86 years, were hospitalized. Two patients were HIV-positive. Ophtalmological lesions were heterogeneous the posterior structures were most affected. Anterior uveitis was isolated in one patient. Five patients had extraocular signs with cutaneous and/or mucosal involvement. No patient had neurological symptoms. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis through CSF analysis was definite for one patient, probable for 5 patients and ruled out for 2 patients. Six patients received treatment with penicillin G and six with ceftriaxone. Visual acuity improved in all cases. DISCUSSION: Ophtalmic cases of syphilis have become more frequent over the past few years in France. The diagnosis should be suspected in cases of eye inflammation even in the absence of favourable clinical presentation or anamnesis. Search for HIV co-infection should be systematic. Our study shows that ceftriaxone remains an effective alternative to penicillin G.

Estratégias de notificação de parceiros sexuais de pessoas com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: ensaio clínico randomizado / Estrategias para reportar parejas sexuales de personas con enfermedades de transmisión sexual: ensayo clínico randomizado / Strategies for notifying sexual partners of people with sexually transmitted infections: a randomized clinical trial*

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a efetividade da comunicação verbal e por cartão no comparecimento de parceiros sexuais de pessoas com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis com fatores associados ao seu êxito. Método Ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, cuja intervenção consistiu no oferecimento de um cartão de notificação para os pacientes-índices entregarem aos seus parceiros. Resultados A amostra foi de 189 pacientes-índices, 94 do grupo controle que convidaram verbalmente os parceiros sexuais para atendimento e 95 do grupo intervenção que levaram o cartão de notificação de parceiros como forma de convite para atendimento. Houve comparecimento de 52,6% dos parceiros convidados por cartão, e 43,6% dos convidados verbalmente, mas sem diferença estatística significativa (p=0,215). Os fatores associados ao não êxito no comparecimento de parceiros foram: não residir com o parceiro (p=0,0001), não ter parceiros fixos (p=0,0001), ter parceria casual (p=0,028) e usar preservativo com parceiro fixo (p=0,045). O tipo de infecção não influenciou a vinda do parceiro. Conclusão Face à ausência de maior efetividade na notificação por cartão, recomenda-se outro modelo de cartão contendo informações destinadas a parceiros para ser usado combinado a outros métodos. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-7jp5mr.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comparar efectividad de comunicación oral y por tarjeta en la comparecencia de parejas sexuales de personas con enfermedades de transmisión sexual y factores asociados a su éxito. Método Ensayo clínico, controlado, randomizado, con participación consistente en entrega de tarjeta informativa para que los pacientes indicados entreguen a sus parejas. Resultados Muestra de 189 pacientes indicados, 94 del grupo control, que invitaron verbalmente a sus parejas sexuales para atención, y 95 del grupo intervención, que entregaron tarjeta de reporte de parejas como medio de citación a su atención. Comparecieron 52,6% de las parejas invitadas vía tarjeta, y 43,6% de citados oralmente, sin diferencia estadísticamente significante (p=0,215). Los factores asociados al fracaso de la comparecencia de parejas fueron: no residir con la pareja (p=0,0001), tener una relación casual (p=0,028) y utilizar preservativos con la pareja fija (p=0,045). El tipo de infección no influyó en la comparecencia de la pareja. Conclusión Considerando carencia de mayor efectividad del reporte vía tarjeta, se recomienda otro modelo de la misma incluyendo información destinada a parejas para utilizarse combinada con otros métodos. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-7jp5mr.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effectiveness of verbal communication and communication by card in getting sexual partners of people with sexually transmitted infections to attend a health service and the factors associated with the success of these types of communication. Method Clinical, controlled, and randomized study, whose intervention was offering a reporting card for index patients to hand to their sexual partners. Results The sample was 189 index patients, 94 of whom were in the control group, and verbally invited their sexual partners to receive care, and 95 were allocated to the intervention group, and took their partner's reporting card to their partners as a way to invite them to receive care. The percentage of partners invited by card who came to the service was 52.6%, in contrast with 43.6% among partners who were invited verbally, but no significant statistical difference was found (p=0.215). The factors associated with failure to convince partners to come to the service were: not living with the partner (p=0.0001); not having a steady partner (p=0.0001); having casual partners (p=0.028); and using condoms with a steady partner (p=0.045). The infection type did not influence the studied partners' visits to the service. Conclusion Given the failure to achieve effectiveness when applying the reporting by card, the authors recommend another card model containing information for partners to be used in combination with other methods. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-7jp5mr.

Vulnerabilidade de homens jovens e suas necessidades de saúde / Vulnerabilidad de hombres jóvenes y sus necesidades de salud / Vulnerability of young men and their health needs

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar as condutas de saúde dos homens jovens universitários; conhecer a percepção dos homens jovens universitários sobre o cuidar de sua saúde; e descrever as práticas adotadas para a prevenção das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Método Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 25 jovens universitários entre 18-29 anos numa universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados Os homens jovens universitários percebem o cuidar como feminino, desconhecendo suas próprias particularidades, com a percepção de que não adoecem e, com isso, só procuram o serviço de saúde em situações de emergência. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática Existem desafios a serem vencidos na prática da assistência, como a visão de invulnerabilidade desses homens, a ausência na busca pelos serviços de saúde, o despreparo dos serviços de saúde para atender às necessidades desses jovens, com base em estratégias que contemplem, de forma singular e holística, essa população. As brechas identificadas no estudo permitem levantar futuras questões e provocar mudanças de atitudes voltadas a situações do contexto masculino, a fim de reverter vulnerabilidades ainda existentes e, também, as consequências dessas atitudes na saúde desses homens.

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar las conductas de salud de hombres jóvenes universitarios; conocer la percepción de ellos sobre el cuidado de su salud; y describir las prácticas adoptadas para la prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Método Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, de enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado con 25 universitarios entre 18-29 años en una universidad pública en Rio de Janeiro. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados Los jóvenes perciben el cuidado como algo femenino, sin darse cuenta de sus propias peculiaridades, con la percepción de que no se enferman y, con esto, solo buscan el servicio de salud en situaciones de emergencia. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica Hay desafíos que superar en la práctica de la atención, como la visión de la invulnerabilidad masculina, la ausencia en la búsqueda de servicios de salud, servicios de salud no preparados para satisfacer las necesidades de estos jóvenes a través de estrategias que contemplan de manera única y holística esa población. Las lagunas identificadas nos permiten plantear preguntas futuras y provocar cambios en las actitudes relacionadas con situaciones del contexto masculino, a fin de revertir las vulnerabilidades existentes y también las consecuencias de estas actitudes en la salud de estos hombres.

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the health behaviors of university students, young men, to know the perception of them about caring for their health, and to describe practices adopted for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Method Descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, developed with 25 students aged 18-29 at a public university in Rio de Janeiro. To the data analyzed, the content analysis technique was applied. Results Those university students perceived caring as a female practice. They were unaware of their health peculiarities, with the perception that they do not get sick. Because of that, they only seek health services in emergency health conditions. Conclusion and Implications for practice There are challenges to overcome in the practice of men's care. As the vision of the invulnerability of these men, there is an absence in the search for health services.Furthermore, a sort of unprepared health services does not meet the needs of these young people through strategies that contemplate them uniquely and holistically. The gaps identified allow us to raise inevitable questions and bring about changes in attitudes toward situations in the male context. It is necessary to reverse existing vulnerabilities and consequences on the men's health of these men.

Práticas de prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis adotadas por jovens universitárias / Sexually Transmitted Infections prevention practices adopted by college girls

Estudo descritivo, quanti-qualitativo, realizado no Rio de Janeiro, em uma universidade pública, que teve o objetivo de analisar as práticas de prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis adotadas por jovens universitárias. Os dados quantitativos foram aplicados a uma amostra de 276 estudantes que responderam a um questionário, em 2017. Os qualitativos foram coletados com 27 estudantes que participaram de grupos focais. As informações foram armazenadas com auxílio dos softwares Excel 2007 e Word 2010. Os achados quantitativos foram analisados com emprego da estatística descritiva e os discursivos com emprego da técnica de análise de conteúdo temático categorial. Todos os procedimentos éticos de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, recomendados pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde, foram respeitados. Resultados: Na análise qualitativa, emergiram duas categorias: A informação como recurso para a prevenção de IST e Práticas de cuidado com a saúde adotada pelas jovens; e uma subcategoria: Aspectos influenciadores no uso do preservativo. Na análise dos achados verificou-se que a maioria das participantes têm idades entre 18-24 anos; são heterossexuais; tiveram a primeira relação sexual na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos; usaram preservativos na primeira relação sexual, mas não utilizam esse recurso em todas as relações. As estudantes não utilizam preservativos nos relacionamentos afetivos com parceiros fixos, contudo empregam-no em relacionamentos com parcerias eventuais. Pode-se notar que o uso de preservativos nas relações sexuais tem associação direta com o tipo de parceria, sendo mais empregado quando não existe confiança no parceiro sexual. Quanto ao preservativo feminino, a maioria das estudantes não adota em função da falta de conhecimento, pela dificuldade de acesso e pelo desconforto. A negociação do uso de preservativos não é uma prática habitual das mulheres, e na maioria das situações essa é uma decisão dos parceiros sexuais, já que muitas não verbalizam a sua opinião. O álcool é outro fator que influencia diretamente no uso de preservativos. As participantes informaram fazer uso de álcool de forma esporádica, porém não utilizaram antes do último intercurso sexual. As jovens buscaram atendimento de saúde no último ano, fizeram exame ginecológico e de Papanicolau. Conclusão: As participantes do estudo relacionam a prática de cuidado com a saúde sexual com o uso de preservativos, embora nem sempre usem esse recurso. O uso de preservativos sofre influencia de diversos fatores que afetam diretamente a adoção desse recurso pelas jovens. As universitárias destacaram a importância da educação em saúde para oferecer informações de qualidade aos jovens sendo uma importante ferramenta para dirimir duvidas e prevenir agravos para a saúde sexual.

Descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study, carried out in Rio de Janeiro, at a public university, which aimed to analyze the prevention practices of Sexually Transmitted Infections adopted by young university students. Quantitative data were applied to a sample of 276 students who answered a questionnaire in 2017. Qualitative data were collected from 27 students who participated in focus groups. The information was stored with the help of Excel 2007 and Word 2010 software. The quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the discursive ones using the categorical thematic content analysis technique. All ethical research procedures involving human beings, recommended by the National Health Council, were respected. Results: In the qualitative analysis, two categories emerged: Information as a resource for STI prevention and Health care practices adopted by young women; and a subcategory: Aspects that influence condom use. In the analysis of the findings, it was found that most participants are aged between 18-24 years; they are heterosexual; had their first sexual intercourse in the 15 to 18 age group; used condoms in the first sexual intercourse, but do not use this resource in all relationships. Students do not use condoms in affective relationships with fixed partners, however they do use them in relationships with occasional partners. It can be noted that the use of condoms during sexual intercourse is directly associated with the type of partnership, being more used when there is no trust in the sexual partner. As for the female condom, most students do not adopt due to the lack of knowledge, the difficulty of access and the discomfort. Negotiating the use of condoms is not a common practice for women, and in most situations this is a decision of sexual partners, as many do not verbalize their opinion. Alcohol is another factor that directly influences the use of condoms. The participants reported making sporadic use of alcohol, but did not use it before the last sexual intercourse. The young women sought health care in the last year, underwent gynecological and Pap tests. Conclusion: Study participants relate the practice of caring for sexual health with the use of condoms, although they do not always use this resource. Condom use is influenced by several factors that directly affect the adoption of this resource by young women. The university students highlighted the importance of health education to offer quality information to young people, being an important tool to resolve doubts and prevent injuries to sexual health.

Manifestaciones coloproctológicas de las infecciones de transmisión sexual ocasionadas por Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae y Treponema Pallidum. Presentación casuística / Coloproctological manifestations of sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Treponema Pallidum. Case presentation

Introducción: Las infecciones transmisibles sexualmente (ITS) con afectación anorrectal constituyen un desafío pues las manifestaciones producidas por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) y Treponema pallidum (TP) son similares. Objetivo: Evaluar si las manifestaciones anorrectales debidas a CT, NG y TP asociadas al examen proctológico permiten diagnóstico certero, sin estudios complementarios. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo. Revisión de registros de pacientes atendidos en consultorio coloproctológico. Periodo: 01/08/2015-01/07/2016. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de ITS anorrectal, excepto aquellos con HPV únicamente. A todos se les pesquisaron ITS mediante hisopado anal para CT por inmunofluorescencia y para estudio directo y cultivo de NG, VDRL para TP y además HIV. Variables: sexo, edad, HIV, sexo anal, uso de preservativo, motivo de consulta y resultado de estudios efectuados. Resultados: Treinta y cuatro pacientes (32 hombres). Edad mediana 31,5 años (rango: 19-65). Veinticinco pacientes HIV + (73,5%). Veintinueve pacientes (28 hombres) mantenían sexo anal. 91% no usaba preservativo adecuadamente. 65% tuvo una única infección (ITS pura). Se diagnosticaron 14 sífilis (8 puras), 14 clamidiasis (7 puras) y 11 gonococcias (7 puras). Co-infección entre ellas: 9% y con HPV: 26%. La úlcera fue la manifestación en 7/8 casos de sífilis puras (todas dolorosas, excepto una). El resto presentó síntomas variados (condilomas virales atípicos, secreción purulenta y proctorragia). Más del 50% de las gonococias puras (4/7) se manifestó con úlcera, sin embargo, el dolor estuvo presente siempre (8/8) y en tres se asoció secreción purulenta. En cambio, la mitad de los pacientes con clamidiasis puras, se manifestó con proctorragia causada por un tumor rectal/sigmoideo inflamatorio, clínicamente indistinguible de neoplasia maligna. Todos las sífilis y gonococias tuvieron correlato con las pruebas diagnósticas, no así las clamidiasis cuyo diagnóstico no pudo confirmarse en tres casos (37,5%), que respondieron al tratamiento empírico. Conclusión: NG y TP anorrectal provocaron mayormente síntomas similares a los de etiología no venérea y se requirió del laboratorio para el diagnóstico etiológico. La presencia de tumor con biopsia negativa para neoplasia maligna en pacientes de riesgo para ITS obliga a descartar clamidiasis. (AU)

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a challenge in medical consultation. The clinical manifestations of infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Treponema pallidum ( TP) share symptoms at anorectal level. This implies the need for a high index of suspicion for diagnosis, which is based on history, physical examination and laboratory tests that not always are accurate or available . Purpose: Assess whether clinical signs of anorectal infections by CT, NG and TP associated with proctologic exams, lead to an accurate etiologic diagnosis without the help of specific laboratory studies. Patients and methods: Observational, retrospective study, based on a review of records of patients treated at the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Fernandez (City of Buenos Aires) department of coloproctology, in the period between August 2015 and July 2016. Patients who underwent STI diagnosis were all considered, but to those whose only diagnosis was infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) were excluded from the analysis. All patients were tested after the three etiologies of STI (anal swab for CT study by immunofluorescence, swabbing for direct study, and cultivation of NG and TP VDRL) and HIV. Variables analyzed: sex, age, presence of HIV infection, practice of receptive anal sex, proper use of condoms, signs and symptoms that prompted the consultation, and results of diagnostic tests. Results: 34 patients (32 men) were included. Median age 31.5 years (range: 19-65, interquartile range: 26-37). Twenty-five patients (73.5%) were HIV+. Twenty-nine patients (28 men) remained receptive anal sex. 91% did not use condoms properly. 65% of infections were pure, without other STI asociada-. 14 cases of syphilis (8 pure), 14 Chlamydia (7 pure) and 11 gonococcias (7puras), including co-infection in 9% of cases, no evidence of a more frequent another co-infection diagnosed. Co-infection with HPV was detected in 9 (26%) cases. The ulcer was the sign in 7/8 cases of pure syphilis (all painful, except one). The rest is expressed by a variety of symptoms (atypical viral warts, purulent and bloody diarrhea). Similarly, just over 50% (4/7) of pure gonococcias demonstrated ulcer, but the pain was always present (8/8 of pure gonococcias) and three associated with purulent discharge. Instead of the ten patients with pure chlamydia, 50% manifested with bloody diarrhea caused by a rectal tumor / inflammatory sigmoid, clinically indistinguishable from malignancy. All cases of syphilis and gonococcal were correlated with diagnostic tests; not those whose diagnosis of chlamydial infection (confirmed in eight and was negative in three, 37.5%) who responded to empiric treatment indicated by the clinical suspicion. Conclusion: While this is a small series, it shows that the NG and TP in the anorectal location mostly caused symptoms similar to those of non-venereal ethology most of the times, and laboratory assistance for etiologic diagnosis was required. The presence of tumor with negative biopsy for malignancy in patients at risk for STIs, leads chlamydia to be ruled out. (AU)