Medical Conditions, Oral Health Practices, and Barriers to Treatment among Patients Visiting a Teaching Dental Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of medical conditions, oral hygiene practices, and dental visits among patients who attended a teaching dental hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Materials & Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study used patient records from 2009 to 2015 from the dental hospital of the College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Patients' demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, reasons for attending the facility, attendance patterns, and smoking habits were studied. RESULTS: The study included 1502 records of patients with 65.1% of males and 34.9% of females. The prevalence of medical conditions was 25.7% in the study. The most common medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (7.2%), hypertension (6.5%), and anemia (4.7%). Only 21.8% reported visiting the dental hospital in the past one year. The prevalence of smoking was 16.7%, and this did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients (P=0.165). Fillings were the most common (21.6%) reason for visiting a dental hospital, followed by treatment for periodontal problems (12.9%) and oral lesions (12.6%), whereas treatment for braces (orthodontics) was the least common (5%) reason for visiting the hospital. The reasons for visiting the hospital did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients (P > 0.05). The three most common barriers to dental visits included long waiting time (18.1%), fear of dental treatment (14.4%), and difficulty in getting an appointment (11.3%). CONCLUSION: The study showed that dental patients had a high prevalence of medical conditions. Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent problem. Most patients visited the dental hospital to receive restorative treatment, and a long waiting time was the most common barrier to dental visits. Public health measures should be taken to improve the general health and oral care of patients.

Atención Odontológica Durante el Estado de Alarma COVID-19 en el Hospital Comunitario de Achao, Chile: Un Estudio Observacional / Dental Care During the COVID-19 State of Emergency at the Community Hospital of Achao, Chile: An Observational Study

Conocer la prevalencia de las patologias odontológicas diagnósticas en la población adscrita en el Hospital comunitario de Achao ubicado en Achao, comuna de Quinchao, de mayo a diciembre de 2020. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo a traves de la revisión de la totalidad de atenciones odontológicas realizadas en el Hospital comunitario de Achao, durante mayo a diciembre de 2020, registrando el sexo, la edad y el diagnóstico clínico según el motivo de consulta del paciente, realizado siempre por el mismo observador. Se revisaron 262 notificaciones que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El sexo femenino fue el que consultó con mayor frecuencia. La edad del 76 % de la población fue entre 19 a 60 años. 159 notificaciones correspondieron a urgencias odontológicas ambulatorias GES, siendo los diagnósticos más prevalentes; Periodontitis apical sintomática y pulpitis. Por otra parte, se observaron consultas por desalojo de obturaciones y piezas con periodontits crónica severa. La pandemia ha generado una reorganización considerable en lo que respecta a las atenciones dentales, la literatura muestra que es recomendable suspender las atenciones electivas y restringuirse a la atención de urgencias, de pacientes críticos y procedimientos que no puedan ser postergados; En estos casos, se deben adoptar todas las medidas de protección antes, durante y despues de la atención dental.

The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of diagnostic dental pathologies in the population assigned to the Achao Community Hospital located in Achao, Quinchao commune, from May 2020 to December 2020. A descriptive observational study was carried out through the review of all dental care performed at the Achao Community Hospital, during May to December 2020, recording sex, age and clinical diagnosis according to the reason for consultation of the patient, always carried out by the same observer. 262 notifications that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. It was noted that females consulted most frequently. The age of 76 % of the population was between 19 to 60 years. 159 notifications corresponded to GES outpatient dental emergencies, being the most prevalent diagnoses; Symptomatic apical periodontitis and pulpitis. On the other hand, consultations were observed due to the dislodgement of fillings and pieces with severe chronic periodontitis. The pandemic has generated a considerable reorganization with regard to dental care, the literature shows that it is advisable to suspend elective care and restrict it to outpatient dental emergencies, critical patients and procedures that cannot be postponed; in these cases, all protective measures must be taken before, during and after dental care.

Dental enamel defects and oral cavity manifestations in Asian patients with celiac disease.

BACKGROUND: While the small intestine is the main site of disease, many other organs are affected by celiac disease (CeD). Dental enamel defects (DED) are common in patients with CeD, and these are one of the indicators of CeD, even when no other symptom of CeD is present. Data on dental and oral cavity manifestations in Asian patients with CeD are scanty. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate dental and oral manifestations in Asian patients with CeD. METHODS: We recruited 118 patients with biopsy-confirmed CeD (36 treatment naïve and 82 on follow-up for at least 1 year on gluten-free diet [GFD]) and 40 controls. Diagnosis was made as per the standard criteria. Oral and dental manifestations were evaluated by a dental surgeon. The DED were evaluated according to Aine's criteria. RESULTS: Overall higher number of patients with CeD (66.9%), both treatment naïve (69.4%) and those on GFD (65.8%) had DED in comparison to controls (20%) (odds ratio, 8.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-19.2; p<0.001). Specific/bilaterally symmetrical DED were significantly higher in patients with CeD than controls. Recurrent aphthous ulcers were also significantly higher in patients with CeD. Approximately 80.6% and 63.4% treatment-naïve patients and those on GFD, respectively reported dry mouth sensation, which was significantly higher than the controls. CONCLUSION: Almost two-third of patients with CeD had DED. Physicians and dietitians caring for patients with CeD should be trained in identification of DED and other oral manifestations of CeD.

Prevalence of oral manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets in patients treated in a peruvian pediatric hospital / Prevalencia de manifestaciones bucales del raquitismo hipofosfatémico de pacientes atendidos en un hospital pediátrico peruano

Objective: To describe the prevalence of oral manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets in patients treated in a Peruvian referral pediatric hospital during the years 2012-2016. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of patients diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets who attended the outpatient clinic of the Stomatology Service and the Genetics Service of the National Institute of Child Health (INSN), Lima, Peru, between the years 2012-2016. The research project was assessed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Service. Medical records stored in a database of the health institution with the Code CIE E83.3, which corresponds to the diagnosis of Hypophosphatemic Rickets, were requested for the study. Results: Fifteen children received health care, of which only 10 were treated at the Stomatology Service. The distribution of the data was obtained from these 10 patients according to the proposed objective. A higher frequency of gingival lesions was found at the soft tissue level (41.18%); at the bone tissue level, only one case of dentigerous cyst was observed; and at the dental level, 90% of the patients had dental caries. Conclusion: The most frequent oral manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets in pediatric patients treated at the National Institute of Child Health (2012-2016) were gingivitis and dental caries.

Objetivo:Describir la prevalencia de las manifestaciones bucales del raquitismo hipofosfatémico de pacientes atendidos en un hospital pediátrico de referencia peruano durante los años 2012-2016. Material y Métodos:Se realizó un estudio tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal. Para la selección de la muestra se consideró a los pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Odontoestomatología y el Servicio de Genética del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú; en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2012-2016 y que presentaron como diagnóstico Raquitismo Hipofosfatémico. El proyecto de investigación fue evaluado por un Comité de Ética en Investigación del servicio de salud. Se solicitaron las historias clínicas consignadas en una base de datos de la institución de salud con el Código CIE E83.3, que corresponde a este diagnóstico. Resultados: Fueron atendidos 15 niños, de los cuales solo 10 fueron tratados en el Servicio Odontoestomatología; siendo de estos 10 pacientes la distribución de los datos obtenidos según el objetivo propuesto. Se encontró mayor frecuencia de lesiones a nivel de tejido blando de gingivitis con 41.18%, a nivel de tejido óseo solo se presentó un caso de quiste dentígero; y a nivel de tejido dental el 90% de los pacientes presentó caries dental. Conclusión: Las manifestaciones bucales más frecuentes del raquitismo hipofosfatémico de pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (2012-2016), fueron la gingivitis y caries dental.

Severe odontogenic infections: a 5-year review of a major referral hospital in Ghana.

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic infections are fairly common in healthcare settings. However, late presentations such as Ludwig's angina, facial cellulitis, necrotizing cervical fasciitis (NCF), among others could lead to mortality. In view of suggestions that the occurrence of severe, near-fatal odontogenic infections is declining, this study set out to determine the incidence of such severe odontogenic infections over the past 5 years at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, a major referral centre in Ghana. METHODS: A retrospective review was done, involving all patients with severe odontogenic infection, thereby requiring admission, per stated criteria at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dental clinic), Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, in the period between July 2012 and July 2017. The cumulative incidence for the respective years were then computed for the years of review. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients were included in the study. This consisted of 121 males and 122 females, with an average age of 42.9 years (SD = 16.6), ranging from 18 months to 91 years. Incidence proportions for the years of the review were 8.2, 8.9, 17.7, 17.9 and 27.7 people per 1000 cases of tooth-related infections for the respective years. With a fatality rate of 5.8%, the incidence of odontogenic infections among patients attending the outpatient Dental clinic of the hospital is 40.3%, while that of dentoalveolar abscess is 6.2%. Ludwig's angina was the commonest (52%) form of presentation of spreading odontogenic infection. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of persisting severe, near-fatal odontogenic infections in Ghana. Not only is there a need to assess the public, professional and institutional strategies to management, but for more evidence-based studies in our local setting to aid in management.

Late effects of chemo and radiation treatment on dental structures of childhood cancer survivors. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review summarizes the prevalence of dental defects after chemo and radiation therapy and correlates the findings with specific characteristics of each treatment modality. METHODS: Database search was performed for studies reporting dental late effects of chemo and radiation therapy. After data extraction and risk of bias assessment, prevalence of crown and root defects was assessed. Correlations between each defect and the characteristics of the antineoplastic treatment were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen nonrandomized studies were included, yielding a total of 1300 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 4.5 years. Results reported that root defects were more common than crown defects. The most common root defect was impaired root growth and microdontia the most common crown defect. Age, radiation dose and field were statistically associated with higher prevalence of dental defects. CONCLUSION: Defects were associated with combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as used in current therapeutic antineoplastic modalities.

A falta de dentição funcional está associada ao comprometimento das funções bucais entre adultos brasileiros / The absence of functional dentition is associated with the lack of commitment to oral functions among Brazilian adults

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar se a falta de dentição funcional (DF) está associada com o comprometimento das funções bucais/atividades diárias entre adultos brasileiros. Para isto, foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal - SB Brasil 2010. A DF foi avaliada pelo critério proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (pelo menos 20 dentes na boca). O instrumento Impactos Odontológicos nos Desempenhos Diários (IODD) foi utilizado para avaliar as atividades diárias/funções bucais. Análises descritivas, bivariadas (Qui-quadrado) e múltiplas (Regressão Logística) foram realizadas, sendo estimado o odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança 95% (OR/IC95%). Foram incluídos e avaliados 9564 adultos. Foram considerados sem DF 2200 adultos (20,5%). Tiveram impacto em pelo menos uma das atividades diárias/funções bucais avaliadas, 55,0% dos adultos. A falta de DF entre adultos foi associada (p ≤ 0,05) com o impacto na fala (1,88/1,33-2,64) e vergonha ao sorrir ou falar (1,35/1,00-1,83). Uma prevalência considerável de falta de DF foi identificada, esta ausência foi associada às atividades diárias/funções bucais (fala e vergonha ao sorrir e falar). A reabilitação dentária de pacientes sem DF deve considerar a devolução destas funções bucais perdidas (fala e vergonha ao sorrir ou falar).

Abstract The scope of this study was to identify if the absence of functional dentition (FD) is associated with a lack of commitment to oral functions/daily activities among Brazilian adults. For this purpose, data from the National Survey of Oral Health (referred to as SB Brasil 2010) was used. FD was evaluated by the criterion proposed by the WHO (at least 20 teeth in the mouth). The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire was used to evaluate daily activities/oral functions. Descriptive, bivariate (chi-squared) and multiple (logistic regression) analysis was conducted, and the odds ratio estimated with a 95% confidence interval (OR/CI95%). The research evaluated 9,564 adults, of which 2,200 adults (20.5%) were considered to have poor FD, and at least one of the daily activities/oral functions evaluated had an impact among 55% of adults. The lack of FD between adults was associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the impact on speech (1.88/1.33-2.64) and being ashamed to smile or talk (1.35/1.00-1.83). A considerable prevalence of lack of FD was identified, this absence being associated with the lack of commitment to the daily activities/oral functions. Dental rehabilitation of patients with a lack of FD should consider the restoration of these lost oral functions (speech and being ashamed to smile or talk).

Características clínicas orales en pacientes con distrofia muscular de Duchenne: estudio descriptivo / Oral characteristics of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): descriptive study

Introducción: En su evolución, la DMD afecta el sistema estomatognático, situación no explorada en nuestro país. Objetivo: Describir características clínicas orales y asociación con edad, en pacientes con distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en 81 pacientes con DMD del Instituto Teletón Santiago, reclutados desde agosto a noviembre 2017, con consentimiento informado. Se efectuó examen clínico diagnóstico para determinar la presencia de caries clínicas (índice ceod/COPD), índice de higiene (Índice Green y Vermillion Simplificado), presencia de maloclusiones y asociaciones de variables orales con edad. Resultados: 65,4% de los pacientes no presentaban caries ni restauraciones, registrándose un promedio COPD = 1,7 ± 1,2 y ceod= 2,1 ± 1,6. El índice de higiene oral promedio fue de 1,9 ± 0,8 considerado como regular. 67,9% de los pacientes presentaba alguna maloclusión, existiendo una relación esta- dísticamente significativa entre presencia de mordida cruzada y grupo etario (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La menor presencia de caries clínica en pacientes con DMD a lo referido en bibliografía para pacientes sanos, podría atribuirse a los controles periódicos odontológicos otorgados por Instituto Teletón San- tiago. El aumento de las maloclusiones con el avance de la edad, podría ser un indicador del progreso de la enfermedad, ya que los cambios en la función muscular masticatoria son dependientes del tiempo y producen aumento del ancho transversal mandibular originando las maloclusiones más prevalentes como la mordida cruzada y abierta. Palabras clave: Distrofia muscular Duchenne, caries, higiene oral, malo- clusiones.

Oral characteristics of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Descriptive study Introduction: In its evolution, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects the stomatognathic system, a condition that has not been studied in our country. Objective: To describe the oral clinical characteristics and age-related association in patients with DMD. Patiens and Method: Cross-sectional des- criptive study including 81 patients with DMD of Instituto Teletón Santiago, recruited from August to November 2017, with informed consent. A diagnostic clinical examination was performed to establish the presence of clinical cavities (DEFT, DMFT index), oral hygiene index (Green and Vermillion, simplified), presence of malocclusions, and age-related associations. Results: 65.4% of patients did not have caries or restorations, showing an average of DMFT = 1.7 ± 1.2, and DEFT= 2.1 ± 1.6. Average oral hygiene index was 1.9 ± 0.8.which is considered regular. 67.9% of the patients had some type of malocclusion, with a statistically significant relation between the presence of cross bite and age group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lower presence of clinical caries in DMD patients as referred to in bibliography for healthy patients, could be due to periodic dental controls provided by Instituto Teletón Santiago. Increased ca- ses of malocclusions with age may be an indicator of progress of the disease, because changes in the function of mastication muscles are time-dependent, and increase transverse jaw width, causing more prevalent malocclusions such as cross bite and open bite. Key words: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, caries, oral hygiene, malocclu- sions.

Dental and oral manifestations of celiac disease.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental and oral manifestations in patients with celiac disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with the disease and 40 without the disease matched by age in southern Brazil. The CD group included patients previously diagnosed by positive anti-endomysial (IgA) examination and confirmed by small intestine biopsy. The presence of dental enamel defects and dental caries was evaluated by a calibrated researcher according to AINE's and WHO's criteria, respectively. The history of recurrent aphthous ulcers and dry mouth was obtained through reporting. For the evaluation of the salivary flow, the saliva samples were obtained through the non-stimulated and stimulated saliva collection method. RESULTS: There was a significant association between CD and dental enamel defects (OR=2.38, P=0.045) and dry mouth (OR=9.15, P=0.002). No difference was found for the report of recurrent aphthous ulcers and caries experience between the two groups. Patients with CD had normal pattern of unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates (0.67 ± 0.38 ml / min and 1.14 ± 0.47 ml / min, respectively). A higher occurrence of dental enamel defects was observed in patients with classic CD (P=0.054). Of the 1,962 permanent teeth, 59 presented dental enamel defects, 71.8% of which were in patients with CD (P=0.001), predominantly in molars (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: CD increased the likelihood of dental enamel defects and dry mouth sensation. The oral examination can be an important auxiliary tool for the identification of cases of the disease.

The Effect of Xerostomic Medication on Oral Health in Persons With Dementia.

OBJECTIVES: Medication-induced hyposalivation can increase the risk for oral complications, including dental caries and tooth loss. This problem is particularly important in people with dementia because of their declining ability to maintain oral care. The objective of this study was to describe the association between the number of xerostomic medications used and tooth loss and restorative and dental preventive treatment in a population of persons with dementia. DESIGN: A longitudinal population-based register study with a 3-year follow-up was conducted. Data were extracted from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR), the Swedish National Patient Register (SNPR), and the Dental Health Register (DHR). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were persons with dementia who were registered in the SveDem at the time of their dementia diagnosis. MEASURES: The exposure was continuous use of xerostomic medications over the 3 years prior to dementia diagnosis (baseline). The outcomes were the incidence of tooth extractions, tooth restorations, and dental preventive procedures. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the association between the exposure and outcomes, adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS: A total of 34,037 persons were included in the analysis. A dose-response relationship between the exposure and tooth extractions was observed. Compared with nonusers of xerostomic medication, the rate of tooth extractions increased with increasing number of xerostomic medications used (IRR = 1.03, 1.11, and 1.40 for persons using an average >0-1, >1-3, and >3 xerostomic medications, respectively). However, the risk for having new dental restorations and receiving preventive procedures did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Continuous use of xerostomic medications can increase the risk for tooth extraction in people with dementia. This study highlights the importance of careful consideration when prescribing xerostomic medications to people with dementia, and the need for regular and ongoing dental care.

Prevalence and factors associated with enamel defects among preschool children from a southeastern city in Brazil / Prevalência e fatores associados aos defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte em crianças pré-escolares de uma cidade do sudeste do Brasil

Abstract This study sought to determine the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) among preschool children and investigate associations with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and weight status. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 118 children aged 3 to 5 years. Data were collected via clinical examinations and a self-administered questionnaire completed by the parents. The diagnosis of DDE was performed using the modified DDE Index. Information on socioeconomic indicators (mother's schooling, monthly income per capita), child's sex and age, and age of mother at the birth of the child were obtained by questionnaire. The children's weight status was determined based on weight-for-age at the time of the exam. Statistical analysis involved the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of DDE was 50.0%. DDE were more frequent in males (p = 0.025) and children whose families were classified as being at poverty line (p = 0.040). In the Poisson model controlled for child's sex and mother's schooling, children whose families were classified as being at the poverty line had a greater prevalence rate of DDE. In conclusion, the prevalence of DDE was high in the present sample and associated with lower household income. Weight status was not associated with DDE.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte (DDE) em pré-escolares e investigar a associação com fatores sociodemográficos e socioeconômicos e peso da criança. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 118 crianças de três a cinco anos de idade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico e questionário autoaplicável respondido pelos pais. Para o diagnóstico de DDE utilizou-se o Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Informações sobre indicadores socioeconômicos (escolaridade da mãe e renda familiar per capita), gênero e idade da criança e idade da mãe ao nascimento da criança foram obtidas do questionário. O status de peso foi determinado baseando-se no peso e idade da criança no momento do exame. A análise estatística incluiu teste do qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de DDE foi 50.0%, sendo mais frequente em crianças do sexo masculino (p = 0.025) e provenientes de famílias incluídas na linha de pobreza (p = 0.040). No modelo de regressão de Poisson ajustado para gênero e escolaridade da mãe, observou-se que as crianças provenientes de famílias incluídas na linha de pobreza apresentaram maior prevalência de DDE. Conclui-se que a prevalência de DDE foi alta e associada com renda familiar per capita. O peso da criança não foi associado com DDE.

Prevalence of oral lesions and chronic non-communicable diseases in a sample of chilean institutionalized versus non-institutionalized elderly

Chile is experiencing a process of demographic aging with an increase in the number of elderly people, a percentage of which resides in long-term establishments for the elderly (LEE). however, there is little information on the reality of the elderly in these long-term care facilities, so this study was conducted to compare the epidemiological profile of the prevalent oral pathologies as well as chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), of institutionalized versus non-institutionalized elderly subjects. seventy-six institutionalized and forty-three non-institutionalized subjects were examined intraorally, and their clinical health record, gender and age were obtained, according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. the results indicate that female gender is the most common, with an average age of 78.5 year, with those 80 years old and above comprising the predominant group. the most prevalent oral lesions within the institutionalized group were denture stomatitis and irritative hyperplasia, while in the non-institutionalized these two lesions were found less frequently. as for the presence of xerostomia, there was no difference between the groups. the most common condition in both groups was total maxillary and mandibular edentulous, with the latter variable present more frequently in the institutionalized group (p<0.05). the predominant NCD for both groups were arterial hypertension, arthritis-osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus (p>0.05), and depression was the most prevalent NCD in the non-institutionalized group (p<0.05). this study provides valuable information on the epidemiology of elderly´s oral lesions and NCDs to inform the decision-making process of public health policies.

[Analysis of the prevalence of dental diseases requiring prosthodontic treatment among the rural population of the Omsk region]. / Analiz rasprostranennosti stomatologicheskikh zabolevanii, trebuiushchikh ortopedicheskogo lecheniia, sredi sel'skogo naseleniia Omskoi oblasti.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental diseases requiring prosthetic treatment among rural population of Omsk region. The study involved 1247 residents from 12 rural areas of the Omsk region at the age of 18 to 87 years. Partial absence of teeth was found in 69.4±1.30%, 7.5±0.75% had a complete absence of teeth on one jaw and 3.8±0.54% on both jaws. Malocclusion is present in 29.5±1.29% of rural residents, the pathology of dental hard tissues, clinical symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, increased dental abrasion were revealed in 63.8±1.36%, 12.0±0.92% and 8.7±0.80%, respectively. Thus the study showed high prevalence of dental pathology that require prosthetic dental rehabilitation in rural areas of the Omsk region.

Clinical Risk Factors Influencing Dental Developmental Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

PURPOSE: Although studies regarding dental developmental disturbances after childhood cancer treatment have increased, they have many limitations. Studies analyzing the significance of independent clinical risk factors with regard to the dental health status are also rare. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for dental developmental disturbances, particularly severe disturbances, in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral examinations and retrospective reviews of medical and panoramic radiographs were performed for 196 CCS (mean age, 15.6 years). Cancer type, age at diagnosis, treatment modality, type and accumulated dose of administered drugs, and dose and site of radiation were recorded. Dental developmental disturbances were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs and graded for severity according to the Modified Dental Defect Index (MDDI). Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyseswere performed to determine the association between dental abnormalities and clinical factors. RESULTS: In total, 109 CCS (55.6%) exhibited at least one dental anomaly, and the median value of MDDI was 2.5. Microdontia (30.6%) was the most prevalent anomaly, followed by tooth agenesis (20.4%), V-shaped roots (14.8%), and taurodontism (10.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that a young age at diagnosis (≤ 3 years), a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the use of multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents (≥ 4 classes), and the use of heavy metal agents were significant risk factors for severe dental disturbances. CONCLUSION: CCS with any of the above risk factors for severe developmental disturbances should be comprehensively followed up to minimize adverse consequences to their dental development and preserve their future dental health.

Enamel defects and tooth eruption disturbances in children with sickle cell anemia

Abstract Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.

Oral Health Status of Independent Older Adults in Texas: An observational study comparing urban and rural areas.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health needs of community-dwelling older adults participating in congregate meal centers and to determine whether differences exist in the oral health needs of older adult populations residing in urban versus rural communities in the state of Texas.Methods: Study participants were recruited at 6 congregate meal centers located in identified rural and urban communities in the greater metropolitan area of Austin, Texas. (N=78) Participants completed a validated, modified questionnaire containing 20 items on the following topics: self-reported oral health, tooth loss, dental insurance, frequency of dental visits, time since last dental visit, access to dental care, dry mouth, and oral cancer screening. Each participant received an oral health screening based on the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors Basic Screening Survey for Older Adults. The examiners received hands-on training prior to the study to ensure the validity of their findings and to test for inter-examiner reliability.The chi-square test of independence was performed to analyze the participants' responses on the Basic Screening Survey to identify any relationships between the variables.Results: There were no significant differences in oral health conditions of older adults residing in urban versus rural communities. Over 50% of the participants (64.9% urban; 56.1% rural) reported incomes below $15,000 and lacked dental insurance to cover all or a portion of their oral health care needs. Eighty-seven percent of the participants reported tooth loss due to dental caries, 35% required periodontal care, and 37% reported occasional and 43% reported frequent oral pain over the last 12 months.Conclusions: Oral health promotion and disease prevention is an emergent need for older adult populations residing in urban and rural communities of the state of Texas. Analysis revealed that the majority of the older adult populations in both settings to have financial and socioeconomic barriers to access preventative and restorative dental care services.

Signs of disease occur in the majority of third molars in an adult population.

The purpose of this study was to assess clinical and radiographic signs of disease in third molars within a population that is representative of the Finnish adult population aged 30 years and older. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect the 6005 subjects, who were examined clinically and also by panoramic radiography. The state of impaction, presence of dentinal caries and/or restorations, presence of root canal fillings, periodontal pocket depth, and additional pathological findings such as over-eruption and widened follicle were assessed. Signs of disease in the third molars were found in 47% of the adult population and in 97% of those subjects with third molars. At least one sign of disease occurred in 82% of erupted third molars compared to 74% of those impacted in soft tissue and 33% impacted in bone (P<0.001). A diseased third molar was more often located in the mandible (60%) than in the maxilla (40%) (P<0.001), and was more often found in men (57%) than in women (43%) (P<0.05). It is concluded that signs of disease in third molars in the target population are more common than has been reported previously.

Diagnoses and Treatment of Dental Disorders in a Research Colony of Macaca fascicularis: A Case Series.

During daily routine oral examinations in a research colony of nonhuman primates (NHPs, Macaca fascicularis), a variety of oral-dental lesions were identified. A dental care program was established based on these findings. Based on the presence of dental clinical signs and their severity, 31 animals were triaged to be examined and treated by a veterinarian. Clinical examination consisted of visual inspection using a periodontal probe/explorer and full or partial mouth dental radiographs. Treatment was performed during the same procedure. Some animals had a follow-up examination including radiographs months later. Four common dental diseases were diagnosed: periodontal disease, caries, tooth fracture, and tooth attrition. Less frequent were dental abscess, enamel hypomineralization, gingival hyperplasia, hypercementosis, tooth luxation, tooth dysplasia, root resorption, abrasion. Less severe periodontal disease was treated conservatively. If severely affected, teeth were extracted. Well-circumscribed caries without endodontic involvement were treated by composite restoration. Teeth with extensive caries and pulp involvement were extracted. Teeth with exposed pulp were treated via extraction or orthograde root canal treatment. In this case series, 27 (87%) of 31 NHPs exhibited at least 1 moderate to severe dental lesion that required treatment. The presumable improvement in welfare and weight of oral/dental lesions for the overall health status in research NHPs encourages us to continue this program prospectively.

Oral health evaluation in special needs individuals / Avaliação da saúde bucal em pessoas com necessidades especiais

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the prevalence of the main oral problems present in special needs children and to relate the underlying conditions with the clinical and demographic variables. Methods The study was based on the physical examination of 47 students from the Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais diagnosed as Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and intellectual deficit. For data collection, we used a self-administered questionnaire that included indices of dental caries and oral hygiene, Angle classification, malposition of dental groups and oral hygiene habits. Results The predominant age group was 12-25 years (46.8%) and most patients were male (55.3%). Regarding daily brushing, 63.8% reported brushing their teeth three times a day, and 85.1% did it by themselves. A total of 48.9% were rated as Angle class I, and 25.5% had no type of malocclusion. A high dental carries index (decayed, missing, filled >10) was observed in 44.7%, and 53.2% had inadequate oral hygiene (zero to 1.16). There was a statistically significant difference between cerebral palsy and the act of the participants brushing their teeth by themselves. Conclusion There was a high decayed-missing-filled teeth index and malocclusion class I, as well as inadequate oral hygiene. The type of underlying condition of the participants influenced the act of brushing teeth by themselves.

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer a prevalência dos principais problemas bucais em crianças com necessidades especiais, e relacionar as doenças de base com variáveis clínicas e demográficas. Métodos O estudo foi realizado a partir de exame clínico em 47 alunos da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais com diagnóstico médico de síndrome de Down, paralisia cerebral e deficit intelectual. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicativo com índices de cárie dentária e higiene oral, classificação de Angle, malposição de grupos dentários e hábitos de higiene oral. Resultados A faixa etária predominante foi de 12 a 25 anos (46,8%) e a maioria era do sexo masculino (55,3%). Em relação à escovação dentária, 63,8% relataram escovar os dentes três vezes ao dia, sendo que 85,1% realizavam-na sozinhos. Constatou-se que 48,9% dos examinados apresentavam uma classificação de Angle tipo I e 25,5% não apresentavam qualquer tipo de maloclusão. Os avaliados (44,7%) apresentaram alto índice de cárie dentária (cariados, perdidos e obturados >10) e 53,2% apresentaram higiene oral inadequada (zero a 1,16). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a paralisia cerebral e o ato de escovar os dentes sozinho. Conclusão Constataram-se altos índices de cárie e de maloclusão classe I, além de inadequada higiene oral. Houve influência do tipo de patologia de base na realização do ato de escovar os dentes sozinhos.