Inserção de profissionais de educação física no Sistema Único de Saúde: análise temporal (2007-2021) / Insertion of physical education professionals in the Unified Health System: temporal analysis (2007-2021)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar a série temporal da inserção de profissionais de educação física (PEF) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no período de 2007 a 2021, bem como apresentar a distribuição por regiões e estados de profissionais no território brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de série temporal que utilizou dados secundários oriundos do sistema de consultas do Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Analisou-se o quantitativo de PEF no SUS nas cinco regiões e nos vinte e seis estados e no Distrito Federal entre 2007 e 2021 e reali-zou-se a análise temporal para verificar a distribuição dos PEF nas regiões brasileiras. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento no número de PEF entre 2007 (n = 22) e 2020 (n = 7.560) em todo o país. Em 2021 observa-se uma redução de 2,8% no quantitativo de PEF. Entre as regiões, os maio-res quantitativos foram observados nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, enquanto nos estados a maior concentração foi em Minas Gerais, seguido de São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia e Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se uma tendência crescente de PEF nas regiões Norte e Sul. Conclui-se que o quantitativo de PEF atuantes no SUS teve um crescimento expressivo durante o período analisado, sendo fruto das políticas públicas e programas voltados à promoção da atividade física constituídos ao longo do tempo. Apesar disso, há importantes disparidades geográficas que não devem ser desconsideradas, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias coletivas e investimentos em políticas públicas que fomentem a inserção dos PEF na rede assistencial e de fortalecimento do SUS

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the time series of physical education professionals (PEF in Portuguese) in the Unified Health System (SUS in Portuguese) from 2007 to 2021, as well as to present their distribution by Brazilian regions and states. This is a time series study which used secondary data from the Consultation System of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES in Portuguese). We analyzed the number of PEF in the country, in the five Regions and in the twenty-six States and the Fed-eral District between 2007 and 2021 and the temporal analysis was carried out to verify the distribution of PEF in the Brazilian regions. The results point to an increase in the number of PEF between 2007 (n = 22) and 2020 (n = 7560). In 2021, there is a 2.8% reduction in the amount of PEF. Among the regions, the highest numbers were observed in the Northeast and Southeast regions, while in the states the highest con-centration was in Minas Gerais, followed by São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. There was an increasing trend in the distribution of PEF in the North and South regions. The number of PEF working in the SUS had an expressive growth during the analyzed period, being the result of public policies and programs aimed at promoting physical activity constituted over time. Despite this, there are important geographic disparities that should not be disregarded, reinforcing the need for collective strategies and financ-ing in public policies that encourage the insertion of PEFs in the care network and the strengthening of SUS

Formação em educação física no contexto de saúde pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil / The formation of physical education in public health in the best courses in Brazil

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi revisar projetos pedagógicos (PP) para identificar a formação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) (Bacharelado) no contexto de Saúde Pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil. Foram selecionados os 10 melhores cursos de graduação em EF ranqueados em dois sistemas de avaliações nacionais (Exame Nacional de Desempenho na Educação e Ranking Universitário Folha) e as 10 melhores Universidades num ranking internacional (QS World University Rankings). Mediante revisão rápida foram extraídas informações dos PPs de 18 cursos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Trinta e seis disciplinas no contexto de Saúde Pública foram localizadas nas grades curriculares. Em relação a carga horária média menos de 1% da grade eletiva dos cursos era dedicada a disciplinas sobre Saúde Pública. O estudo revelou um cenário de formação de Bacharéis em EF distante do crescimento que a área demonstrou no campo da Saúde Pública nos últimos anos. É importante que os cursos de graduação em EF considerem uma formação específica no contexto da Saúde Pública, de modo a favorecer a consolidação da atuação do PEF e a qualidade do seu serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to review pedagogical projects (PP) to identify the formation of the Physical Education professionals (PEF) in the context of Public Health in the best courses in Brazil. Methods: The 10 best PE undergraduate courses ranked in two national assessment systems were selected (National Education Performance Examination and Folha University Ranking) and the 10 best Universities in an international ranking (QS World University Rankings). Through a quick review, information was extracted from the PPs of 18 courses that met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six subjects in the context of public health were located in the curricula. Regarding the average workload, less than 1% of the elective course schedule was dedicated to subjects on Public Health. The study revealed a scenario for the formation of Bachelors in PE far from the growth that the area has shown in the field of Public Health in recent years. It is important that PE undergraduate courses consider specific training in the context of Public Health, in order to favor the consolidation of the PEF's performance and the quality of its service in Primary Health Care.

Investigation of Variables that Determine Levels of Self-Esteem in Central American Schoolchildren: A Binary Logistic Regression Model / Investigación de las variables que determinan los niveles de autoestima en los escolares centroamericanos: Un modelo de regresión logística binaria

Resumen El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar el enlace entre los hábitos de actividad física de los niños centroamericanos, su nivel de autoestima, edad y país de origen. Este fue un estudio correlacional de muestras probabilísticas aleatorias por conglomerados, que evaluó 5291 estudiantes matriculados en cuarto, quinto y sexto grado, de los cuales el 52.3 % corresponde a niñas y el 47.7 % a niños, pertenecientes a 74 escuelas en Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panamá, con una edad media de 10.90 ± 1.13. En todas las naciones, se utilizó el cuestionario LAWSEQ para medir el nivel de autoestima y se aplicó el de actividad física para la niñez (PAQ-C). Un análisis de regresión logística binaria fue ejecutado para estimar si las variables independientes podrían predecir el nivel de autoestima de los infantes. Los resultados mostraron que el 47 % de los estudiantes se percibió con un bajo nivel de actividad física y, con respecto a la autoestima, quienes poseen de 9 a 10 años tuvieron porcentajes más bajos, con 51.6 % y 47.7 %, respectivamente. En cuanto al país de origen, los niños de Costa Rica y Guatemala tienen un mejor nivel de autoestima que aquellos habitantes de El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras y Panamá. Además, se determinó que la edad, el nivel de actividad física y el país de origen predecían el 58 % del nivel de autoestima infantil centroamericana. Esto demuestra la importancia de promover la actividad física en dicho sector poblacional, para contribuir al desarrollo de su autoestima.

Abstract This research aimed to examine the relationships between the levels of self-esteem of Central American schoolchildren and their physical activity habits, ages, and countries of origin. This was a correlational study of random cluster probabilistic samples, which evaluated 5,291 students enrolled in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, 52.3% of whom were girls and 47.7% boys, from 74 schools in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama, with an average age of 10.90 ± 1.13 years. Lawrence's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ) was used to measure levels of self-esteem, and the physical activity questionnaire for boys and girls (PAQ-C) was applied in all the countries. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the statistical probability that the independent variables (age, level of activity, and country of origin) could predict the level of self-esteem. The results of this investigation showed that 47% of the children under study perceive themselves to have a low level of physical activity and that children from 9 to 10 years had lower percentages of self-esteem with 51.6% and 47.7%, respectively. In terms of country of origin, children from Costa Rica and Guatemala have a better level of self-esteem than those living in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Panama. In addition, it was determined that age, level of physical activity, and country of origin predicted 58% of the level of self-esteem of Central American children. This situation shows the importance of promoting physical activity in childhood to contribute to the development of self-esteem.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi examinar a ligação entre os hábitos de atividade física de crianças da América Central, seu nível de autoestima, idade e país de origem. Este foi um estudo correlacional de amostras probabilísticas aleatórias por conglomerados, que avaliou 5.291 estudantes matriculados na quarta, quinta e sexta séries do ensino fundamental, dos quais 52,3% correspondem a meninas e 47,7% a meninos, pertencentes a 74 escolas na Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicarágua e Panamá, com média de idade de 10,90 ± 1,13. Nesses países, o questionário LAWSEQ foi utilizado para medir o nível de autoestima e o questionário de atividade física para a infância (PAQ-C) foi aplicado. Uma análise de regressão logística binária foi realizada para estimar se as variáveis independentes poderiam predizer o nível de autoestima das crianças. Os resultados mostraram que 47% dos estudantes se perceberam com baixo nível de atividade física e, no que se refere à autoestima, aqueles com 9 a 10 anos apresentaram percentuais menores, com 51,6% e 47,7%, respectivamente. Quanto ao país de origem, as crianças da Costa Rica e da Guatemala apresentam um nível de autoestima superior as de El Salvador, Nicarágua, Honduras e Panamá. Além disso, determinou-se que a idade, o nível de atividade física e o país de origem previam os 58% do nível de autoestima da criança centro-americana. Isso mostra a importância da promoção da atividade física nesse setor populacional, de forma a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de sua autoestima.

Prática de atividade física em meio à pandemia da COVID-19: estudo de base populacional em cidade do sul do Brasil / Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cross-sectional study in a city of South Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prática de atividade física de lazer (AFL) em meio a pandemia do COVID-19 em cidade do Rio Grande do Sul, avaliando desigualdades entre os sexos e grupos de escolaridade e diferenças de acordo com o nível de distanciamento social. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal e base populacional com adultos no município de Bagé. Foram descritas a prática de AFL durante a pandemia, local de prática e orientação profissional. Na amostra de 377 adultos, 24,4% relataram prática de AFL durante a pandemia. Foram observadas marcantes desigualdades; a prevalência de AFL entre homens foi 20 pontos percentuais (pp) maior do que entre as mulheres, e 40 pp maior no grupo de maior escolaridade comparado ao grupo de menor escolaridade. Entre os que praticaram AFL durante a pandemia, 53,5% relataram a prática em casa e 64,8% não teve auxílio de um profissional de Educação Física. Não houve diferença na AFL de acordo com níveis de distanciamento social. Para além da reprodução do discurso de que as pessoas devam praticar atividade física no contexto da pandemia, este estudo buscou discutir aspectos socioculturais, enfatizando, à luz das desigualdades observadas, que a promoção de AFL necessita de olhar humanizado e atento à vida desigual das pessoas no Brasil.

Abstract This study aimed to describe leisure-time physical activity (LPA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, according to gender, level of education, and adherence to social distancing. A population-based and cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in Bagé (RS), Brazil. LPA during the pandemic, place of activity, and Physical Education professional's supervision, were described. The sample included 377 adults, and 24.4% reported LPA during the pandemic. Marked inequalities were observed. LPA prevalence among men was 20 percentage points (pp) higher than women and 40 pp higher among those with higher schooling than those with lower schooling. Among those reporting LPA, 53.5% practiced at home, and 64.8% did not report Physical Education professional supervision. No differences were observed between LPA and level of social distancing. Besides the recurrent discourse that people should include physical activity in the pandemic context, in the light of the marked inequalities observed, this study addressed sociocultural aspects and emphasized that LPA promotion initiatives require humanized approaches that consider the unequal living conditions of Brazilians.

Adolescent Physical Activity at Public Schools, Private Schools, and Homeschools, United States, 2014.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity overall and during school-related opportunities among homeschool adolescents are poorly documented. METHODS: We used data from the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study, a national sample of parent-child dyads. We examined reported frequency of physical activity in middle-school and high-school respondents (N = 1,333). We compared the overall physical activity by school type (ie, public school, private school, and homeschool), compared school-related contexts (eg, recess, physical education [PE] class), and tested for level of physical activity by school for those reporting PE. RESULTS: Middle-school homeschool adolescents reported less physical activity during school hours compared with public school, but not private school, adolescents. Physical activity was not different by school type for out of school or weekends. Physical activity of high-school homeschool adolescents was not different from that of high-school adolescents at traditional schools; homeschool adolescents in both middle and high school reported less physical activity in PE compared with public and private school adolescents. Other school-related contexts of physical activity were not different by school type. More homeschool students reported not having PE (middle school, 54.8%; high school, 57.5%) compared with public (middle school, 18.7%; high school, 38.0%) or private schools (middle school, 13.5%; high school, 41.5%). CONCLUSION: Homeschool adolescents in middle school reported less physical activity compared with middle-school adolescents in traditional schools during school hours, likely because of having fewer PE classes and less physical activity during PE.

Prevalência e conhecimento do uso de protetores bucais personalizados em praticantes de esportes / Prevalence and knowledge of the use of personalized mouth protectors in sports practitioners

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e os conhecimentos sobre o uso de protetores bucais personalizados (PBP) por atletas e professores. Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 2016 no município de Piratini, RS. Os participantes eram atletas e professores de escolas e centros de treinamento. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, sobre conhecimentos, práticas, experiências e uso de PBP. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva com o programa EpiData Analysis, V2.2.3.187. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 40 atletas e 7 professores, com idades entre 17 e 45 anos. A prevalência do uso de PBP entre os atletas foi de 32,5% (13) e 55% (22) não tinham conhecimento sobre PBP. Além disso, 77,5% (31) dos atletas e 100% (7) dos professores não saberiam indicar um profissional para confeccioná-los. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre o uso de PBP é escasso, mas, contudo, há uma parcela de atletas que faz uso para a prática de esportes. Destaca-se a importância da necessidade de se investir em políticas de educação em saúde sobre protetores bucais em escolas, academias e centros de treinamento esportivo.(AU)

Objective: to describe the prevalence and knowledge about the use of personalized mouth protectors (PMP) by athletes and teachers. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 2016 in the Piratini/RS city. Participants were athletes and teachers from school and training centers. Socioeconomic data, knowledge, practices, experiences and use of PMP were collected. Data were analyzed in a descriptive with the EpiData Analysis program V2.2.3.187. Results: the sample consisted of 40 athletes and 7 teachers, aged between 17 and 45 years. The prevalence of PMP use among athletes was 32.5% (13) and 55% (22) were not knowledge of PMP. In addition, 77.5% (31) of the athletes and 100% (7) of the teachers did not know to indicate a professional to make them. Conclusion: the knowledge about the use of PMP is scarce and on the other hand, there is a portion of athletes that makes use for the practice of sports. It is important to emphasize the need to invest in health education policies on mouth protectors in schools, gyms and sports training centers.(AU)

Utilização de serviços de educação física por adultos e idosos no extremo sul do Brasil: estudo de base populacional / Use of physical education services by adults and the elderly in extreme south of Brazil: a population-based study

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a utilização dos serviços de educação física por adultos e idosos e apresentar características de quem não utilizou tais serviços. Além disso, descrever o conhecimento da população sobre a oferta destes serviços nas políticas públicas de saúde. Realizado em Rio Grande/RS com uma amostra de 1300 pessoas entrevistadas por meio de questionário no ano de 2016. Um total de 16,1% (IC95% 13,0:19,3) dos entrevistados utilizou os serviços nos últimos três meses. Destes, 78% o fizeram nos serviços privados, com predomínio nas academias de ginástica (73,2%). Já para os que não utilizaram, a falta de tempo foi o motivo em 31,1%, e para 37,7% a escola foi o último contato com o professor de educação física. Um total de 18,8% da população nunca utilizou serviços de educação física. O conhecimento sobre a educação física nas políticas públicas de saúde foi de 15,4% para Unidades Básicas de Saúde e 13,9% no Hospital Universitário. Há uma baixa utilização dos serviços de educação física na população adulta e idosa, concentrada em espaços privados e mais acessível a grupos de maior renda e escolaridade. Assim há uma ausência de democratização na utilização deste serviço na população adulta e idosa.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the use of physical education services by adults and elderly and to show characteristics of those who did not use these services, as well as to describe the knowledge of the population on the provision of these services in public health policies. It was conducted in Rio Grande (RS) in 2016 with a sample of 1,300 people interviewed using a questionnaire. A total of 16.1% (CI95% 13.0:19.3) of the respondents had used the services in the last three months. Of these, 78% did so in private services, with a predominance of gyms (73.2%). For those who did not, the lack of time was the reason in 31.1%, and 37.7% reported that school was the last contact with a physical education teacher. A total of 18.8% of the population never used physical education services. Knowledge about physical education in public health policies was 15.4% for basic health facilities (UBS) and 13.9% the University Hospital. A low use of physical education services by adults and elderly has been identified, concentrated in private spaces and more accessible to groups of higher income and schooling. Thus, a lack of democratization has been found in the use of this service by the adult and elderly population.

A satisfação no trabalho docente em educação física: um diagnóstico do perfil de professores universitários / Satisfaction in the teaching work in physical education: a diagnosis of the profile of university teachers

RESUMO A pesquisa descritiva teve por objetivo verificar os diferentes perfis de docentes universitários de Educação Física, considerando à satisfação no trabalho e sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Foram investigados 99 docentes de Educação Física, com vínculo em instituições públicas e privadas do Paraná. Na coleta de dados, questionários foram empregados para identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho. Na análise estatística, foi utilizada a Análise de Cluster, o teste Qui-quadrado e os testes de Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc de Comparação Múltipla de Dunn. Os resultados evidenciaram três grupos de docentes: o Grupo 1 apresentou insatisfação, sobretudo, com a integração social e com o trabalho e espaço total de vida. O Grupo 2 mostrou-se pouco satisfeito com as condições de trabalho e com a integração social. E, o Grupo 3 apresentou maior satisfação profissional, entretanto, possuíam menor tempo de atuação na universidade. Por fim, conclui-se que os aspectos sociodemográficos e profissionais são fatores intervenientes na satisfação com o trabalho docente.

ABSTRACT The descriptive research had as objective to verify the different professor's profiles of Physical Education, considering the satisfaction in the work and its relation with the sociodemographic and professional variables. We investigated 99 Physical Education college professors, with links in public and private institutions of Paraná. In the data collection, questionnaires were used to identify the sociodemographic profile and Quality of Life at Work. In the satistical analysis was used to Cluster analysis, Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's Multiple Comparison. The results showed three groups of college professors: Group 1 showed dissatisfaction, above all, with social integration and with work and total living space. Group 2 was dissatisfied with working conditions and social integration. And, Group 3 presented higher professional satisfaction, however, they had a shorter time in the university. Finally, we conclude that the socio-demographic and professional aspects are factors that intervene in the satisfaction with the professors job.

Noise and sleep quality: study among physical education instructors / Ruído e qualidade do sono: estudo entre instrutores de educação física

ABSTRACT This study ivestigated the association between noise and impaired sleep quality in 150 physical education instructors, in bodybuilding gyms. Two questionnaires were applied: evaluation of subjective sleep quality and analysis of explanatory variables. Noise exposure was analyzed. For the data analysis, was used the technique of non-conditional logistic regression, to obtain the values of the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of the significant variables. Two proper adjustment models stood out. The first model presented the significant variables: incorrect performance of the meals (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.08 to 6.02); skin color - black ou brown (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.12) and exposure to noise level above or equal to 80 dB(A) (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 4.12). The second model presented the significant variables: incorrect performance of the meals (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 0.1 to 5.56); exposure level standardized above or equal to 80 dB(A) (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 0.92 to 4.47) and use 0of drugs for depression/anxiety (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.33). This research identified the variables that were significantly associated with impaired sleep quality, as exposure to noise, contributing to the adoption of preventive measures.

RESUMO Este estudo investigou a associação entre ruído e qualidade prejudicada do sono em 150 instrutores de educação física, em academias de musculação. Dois questionários foram aplicados: avaliação da qualidade subjetiva do sono e sobre variáveis explanatórias. A exposição ao ruído foi avaliada. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de regressão logística não-condicional, para obter os valores das Razões de Chances (RC) das variáveis significativas. Dois modelos finais se destacaram. O primeiro apresentou as variáveis significativas: realização incorreta das refeições (RC = 2,58, IC 95% 1,08 a 6,02); cor da pele - preta ou parda (RC = 0,53; IC 95% 0,25 a 1,12) e exposição ao ruído acima ou igual a 80 dB(A) (RC = 1,90; IC95% 0,87 a 4,12). O segundo modelo apresentou as variáveis significativas: realização incorreta das refeições (RC = 2,35, IC 95% 0,1 a 5,56); nível de exposição padronizado acima ou igual a 80 dB (A) (RC = 2,03, IC 95% 0,92 a 4,47) e uso de medicamentos para depressão/ansiedade (RC = 0,26; IC95% 0,53 a 1,33). Esta pesquisa identificou as variáveis que se associaram significativamente com a qualidade do sono prejudicada, como a exposição ao ruído, contribuindo para a adoção de medidas preventivas.

A expansão da educação física no ensino superior brasileiro / The expansion of physical education in brazilian higher education

RESUMO Esta pesquisa documental objetivou apresentar considerações do cenário da expansão da Educação Física no contexto do ensino superior brasileiro, com foco em seus principaisdesdobramentos para a área. Para tanto, utilizamos dados das Sinopses Estatísticas do Censo de Ensino Superior, que foram interpretados à luz dos conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu e Ulrich Beck. Os resultados indicaram que, no lastro da expansão, ocorreu a criação e abertura de novos cursos de Educação Física, apresentando umincrementobastante considerável(874%), entre 1991-2015. A expansão se deu, especialmente, pelo setor privado, responsável pelo maior crescimento (1.381%). Isso traz à tona efeitos colaterais que têm implicado em um conjunto de desafios para a Educação Física no país.

ABSTRACT This documentary research aimed to present considerations on the scenario of the expansion of Physical Education in the context of Brazilian higher education, focusing, on its main developments for the area. For this, we used data from the Statistical Synopses of the Higher Education Census, which were interpreted in light of the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu and Ulrich Beck. The results indicated that, on the basis of the expansion, there was the creation and opening of new Physical Education courses, presenting a considerable increase (874%),between 1991-2015. The expansion was mainly due to the private sector, which accounted for the highest growth (1,381%). This brings up side effects that have implied a set of challenges forPhysical Education in the country.

Sports involvement of girls and boys in basketball / Envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos no basquetebol

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the sports involvement of girls and boys participating in the Basketball for All Program (Santa Catarina, Brazil). A total of 80 basketball players attending the program participated in 2016. A survey composed of closed-ended questions was used, which was analyzed by means of statistical resources, both descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (chi-square, Cramér's V, adjusted residuals). Results revealed an association between sex and time of general sports practice, showing that girls had a shorter time of experience with basketball than boys did. As for weekly training frequency, the participants with fewer weekly training hours were consequently those who trained less often (days) during the week. Boys with a shorter time of participation in the Program and who engaged in sports initiation activities had a lower weekly training frequency, while those with a longer experience time and who engaged in activities aimed at competitive preparation would train more often during the week. In conclusion, the girls had a shorter sports practice time, and the organization of the Program determines the boys' weekly frequency of involvement in basketball.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o envolvimento esportivo de meninas e meninos participantes do Programa Basquetebol Para Todos (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Participaram 80 praticantes de basquetebol que frequentavam o programa, no ano de 2016. Utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões fechadas, o qual foi analisado por meio de recursos estatísticos descritivos (frequência e percentual) e inferenciais (qui-quadrado, v-cramer, resíduos ajustados). Os resultados revelaram associação do sexo com o tempo de prática esportiva geral, evidenciando-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de experiência no esporte do que os meninos. Quanto à frequência semanal de treinamento, constatou-se que os participantes, com carga horária semanal de treino menor eram, consequentemente, os que treinavam com menor frequência (dias) durante a semana. Os meninos com menor tempo de participação no Programa e que participavam das atividades de iniciação esportiva tinham frequência semanal de treino menor, enquanto os meninos com maior tempo de experiência e que participavam das atividades voltadas à preparação competitiva treinavam mais vezes durante a semana. Conclui-se que as meninas possuíam menor tempo de prática esportiva e que a organização do Programa determina a frequência semanal de envolvimento dos meninos com o basquetebol.

Síndrome de desgaste profesional, índice de masa corporal y otros factores asociados con la labor de profesores de educación física de Ibagué, Colombia / Burnout syndrome, body mass index and other factors related to the practice of physical education teachers in Ibagué, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de desgaste profesional en profesores ha ido en aumento durante las últimas décadas y ha suscitado interés por su estudio. Objetivo. Determinar los grados del síndrome de desgaste profesional y su asociación con otros factores de los profesores de educación física de las instituciones educativas del municipio de Ibagué. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 111 docentes de educación física de los colegios de Ibagué, con edades entre los 26 y los 65 años. Las variables sociodemográficas incluyeron el sexo y la edad, y se analizaron las variables propias del síndrome. La información se recolectó utilizando la versión para profesionales de la educación del 'Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse (sic) con el trabajo' (CESQT-PE). Resultados. Los profesores de educación física presentaron niveles bajos del síndrome; 22 docentes (19,8 %) presentaron niveles elevados y de estos, 15 respondían al perfil 1 (síndrome sin sentimientos de culpa) y siete al perfil 2 (síndrome con sentimientos de culpa). En los hombres la prevalencia del síndrome fue mayor, en tanto que en las mujeres las cifras fueron mayores en las dimensiones de desgaste físico y emocional, indolencia y sentimientos de culpa. Conclusiones. Es necesario diseñar e implementar programas de formación orientados a explicar qué es el síndrome de desgaste profesional, cómo y por qué aparece, cómo evoluciona y cuáles son sus síntomas, así como estrategias de prevención e intervención individual que incluyan técnicas de relajación física y de control respiratorio.

Abstract Introduction: The burnout syndrome in teachers has been increasing during the last decades, which explains its becoming a very important study area. Objective: To determine the levels of the burnout syndrome and its relation with other factors among the physical education teachers in some schools of Ibagué. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-descriptive correlational study among 111 physical education teachers from Ibagué with ages ranging from 26 to 65 years. We included gender and age as the sociodemographic variables, as well as the burnout syndrome-related variables. For data collection, we used a questionnaire in Spanish for the evaluation of the burnout syndrome specifically among teaching professionals. Results: The physical education teachers interviewed had low levels of burnout syndrome; 22 teachers (19.8%) had high levels and 15 of these responded to profile 1 (burnout syndrome without feelings of guilt) and 7 to profile 2 (burnout syndrome with feelings of guilt). Burnout syndrome prevalence was higher in men while in women the prevalence of physical and emotional exhaustion, indolence and negative attitudes, and feelings of guilt was higher. Conclusions: It is necessary to design and implement training programs aimed at explaining what burnout syndrome is, how and why it appears, its progress and symptoms, as well as strategies of individual prevention and intervention such as physical relaxation and respiratory control techniques.

Formação de professores na modalidade a distância: perfil dos egressos, permanência e saberes em um curso de Educação Física / Teacher education in distance education: profile of the egress, stay and knowledge in a Physical Education course / Formación de profesores en el modo a distancia: perfil de los egresos, permanencia y saberes en un curso de Educación Física

Esse estudo buscou identificar o perfil dos estudantes que permaneceram no curso de licenciatura em Educação Física, na modalidade a distância, e os saberes significativos desenvolvidos nessa formação, relacionando-os com os motivos de permanência até o final do curso. O perfil dos estudantes foi analisado pelos dados disponibilizados pela secretaria do curso e, para analisar a formação em Educação Física, foi elaborado um grupo focal. Os estudantes que permaneceram (42,9%) são na maioria mulheres (52,9%); solteiros (51,9%); a porcentagem de 85,7% cursou a educação básica integralmente em escola pública; 88,4% possuem idade média de 35 anos e moram a uma distância média de 34 km do polo. Ficou de significativo dessa formação o letramento digital, os saberes pedagógicos desenvolvidos ao longo do curso e os saberes das práticas corporais, ao compreenderem a importância da Educação Física no processo de escolarização. Os motivos da permanência elencados foram a qualidade proporcionada pela universidade pública e aqueles de mérito individual como a persistência, a disciplina e a autonomia.

This study sought to identify the profile of the students who remained in the degree course in Physical Education, distance education, and the significant knowledge developed in this formation, relating them to the reasons for staying until the end of the course. The profile of the students was analyzed by the data provided by the course secretariat, and to analyze the formation in Physical Education, a focus group was elaborated. The students who remained (42.9%) were mostly women (52.9%); single students (51.9%); 85.7% studied in basic education of public schools; 88.4% had an average age of 35 years and lived at a medium distance 34 km from the pole. The digital literacy, the pedagogical knowledge developed throughout the course and the knowledge of the corporal practices were understood as significant in understanding the importance of Physical Education in the schooling process. The reasons for stay listed were the quality provided by the public university and those of individual merit such as persistence, discipline and autonomy.

Este estudio buscó identificar el perfil de los estudiantes que permanecieron en el curso de licenciatura en Educación Física, en la modalidad a distancia, y los saberes significativos desarrollados en esa formación, relacionándolos con los motivos de permanencia hasta el final del curso. El perfil de los estudiantes fue analizado por los datos facilitados por la secretaría del curso y, para analizar la formación en Educación Física, se elaboró un grupo focal. Los estudiantes que permanecieron (42,9%) son en su mayoría mujeres (52,9%); solteros (51,9%); el porcentaje de 85,7% cursó la educación básica íntegramente en escuela pública; el 88,4% tiene una edad media de 35 años y viven a una distancia media de 34 km del polo. Ha quedado de significativo en la formación el significado digital, los saberes pedagógicos desarrollados a lo largo del curso y los saberes de las prácticas corporales, al comprender la importancia de la Educación Física en el proceso de escolarización. Los motivos de la permanencia enumerados fueron la calidad proporcionada por la universidad pública y aquellos de mérito individual como la persistencia, la disciplina y la autonomía.

Prevalence of physical activity among adolescents in southern Brazil.

OBJETIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low physical activity levels and to identify related factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle and body weight status) in adolescents. METHODS: The study included 1103 students aged 14-19 years from city of São José/SC, Brazil. Physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire that classified adolescents into those who meet recommendations and those who do not meet recommendations. Independent variables were gender, age, monthly household income, maternal education, balanced diet, number of physical education classes, sleep/day, tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, screen time and weight status. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Prevalence of inadequate levels of physical activity was 77.2%. Older students and those with lower monthly family income were more likely to have inadequate levels of physical activity. Female adolescents and older students were more likely to be sufficiently active compared to male and younger adolescents. Adolescents who sleep more hours/day were more likely to be insufficiently active. CONCLUSION: Efforts to increase levels of physical activity should be focused on older adolescents and those with lower monthly family income.

Physical Education and Sport: Does Participation Relate to Physical Activity Patterns, Observed Fitness, and Personal Attitudes and Beliefs?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between physical education (PE) and sports involvement with physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and beliefs about PA among a national sample of adolescents. SETTING: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey were used. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 459 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. MEASURES: Adolescents self-reported engagement in the above parameters; muscular fitness objectively determined. ANALYSIS: Multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Adolescents who had PE during school days had a higher enjoyment of participating in PE (ß = 0.32; P = .01), engaged in more days of being physically active for ≥60 min/d (ß = 1.02; P < .001), and performed the plank fitness test longer (ß = 17.2; P = .002). Adolescents who played school sports reported that more PA was needed for good health (ß = 0.23; P = .04), had a higher enjoyment of participating in PE (ß = 0.31; P = .003), engaged in more days of being physically active for ≥60 min/d (ß = 0.70; P = .01), performed more pull-ups (ß = 2.33; P = .008), had a stronger grip strength (ß = 2.5; P = .01), and performed the plank fitness test longer (ß = 11.6; P = .04). CONCLUSION: Adolescents who had PE during school, who had more frequent and long-lasting PE, and who played school sports generally had more accurate perceptions of the amount of PA needed for good health, had greater enjoyment of PE, were more physically active, and performed better on several muscular fitness-related tests. This underscores the importance of PE integration in the schools and encouragement of school sports participation.

Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Physical education classes aim to promote health but it is unknown whether benefits occur independently of sports practice. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between engagement in physical education classes and physical fitness and obesity according to sports practice among Brazilian students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional school-based study involving 737 students aged 10-17 years in southern Brazil. METHODS: Engagement in physical education classes and sports practice were analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The health indicators analyzed were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, obesity and combinations thereof. The covariates were sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for confounding variables were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to sports practice. RESULTS: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with achievement of health-related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.52), muscle strength (PR = 1.55), obesity + cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.51), obesity + muscle strength (PR = 1.70), cardiorespiratory fitness + muscle strength (PR = 2.60) and the three outcomes combined (PR = 2.43), only among non-sports practitioners, all P < 0.05. Engagement in physical education classes was not associated with obesity (PR = 1.00, P > 0.05). No associations were found for sports practitioners (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with health among non-sports practitioners. However, to protect students from obesity and promote additional health benefits for sports practitioners, the conventional physical education program offered to the sample studied should be reformulated.

Fun, influence and competence-a mixed methods study of prerequisites for high school students' participation in physical education.

BACKGROUND: Many adolescents do not reach the recommended levels of physical activity (PA), and students attending vocational studies are less committed to take part in physical education (PE) than other students. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to examine differences in physical activity, diet, smoking habits, sleep and screen time among Norwegian vocational high school students who selected either a PE model focusing on PA skills, technique and improvement of physical performance ("Sports enjoyment") or more on health, play and having fun when participating in PE lessons ("Motion enjoyment"), and 2) to explore the students' experiences with PE programs. METHODS: In this mixed methods study 181 out of 220 invited students (82%) comprising 141 (78%) girls and 40 (22%) boys attending vocational studies of Restaurant and Food Processing (24%), Design, Arts and Crafts (27%) or Healthcare, Childhood and Youth Development (49%) were recruited for participation in the new PE program. PA level, sedentary time and sleep were objectively recorded using the SenseWear Armband Mini. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits, smoking and snuffing habits, use of alcohol, screen use and active transportation. Four focus group interviews with 23 students (12 boys) were conducted to explore how the students experienced the new PE program. RESULTS: Students attending "Motion enjoyment" accrued less steps/day compared to the "Sports enjoyment" group (6661 (5514, 7808) vs.9167 (7945, 10390) steps/day) and reported higher screen use (mean, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.8, 3.5) vs. 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) hours/day). Compared to those attending "Sports enjoyment", a higher number of students attending "Motion enjoyment" reported an irregular meal pattern (adjusted odds ratio, 5.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.28, 12.78), and being a current smoker (12.22 (1.62, 107.95)). The students participating in the focus group interviews emphasized the importance of having competent and engaging teachers, being able to influence the content of the PE program themselves, and that PE classes should include a variety of fun activities. CONCLUSION: Students selecting "Motion enjoyment" accrued less steps/day and reported overall more unhealthy lifestyle habits, including higher screen time, a more irregular meal pattern and a higher number were current smokers, compared to those selecting "Sports enjoyment". Program evaluation revealed that both groups of students valued competent PE teachers and having influence on the content of the PE program.

Associação entre prática de atividades físicas, participação nas aulas de Educação Física e isolamento social em adolescentes / Association between physical activity, participation in Physical Education classes, and social isolation in adolescents

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre a prática de atividades físicas, a participação nas aulas de educação física e indicadores de isolamento social em adolescentes. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, baseado na análise secundária de dados, a partir de uma amostra representativa de estudantes (14-19 anos) do ensino médio da rede pública estadual (n = 4.207). Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey. As variáveis independentes foram o nível de atividade física e a participação nas aulas de educação física, enquanto as variáveis dependentes foram dois indicadores de isolamento social (sentimento de solidão e ter poucos amigos). Na análise estatística, recorreu-se a procedimentos descritivos e inferenciais. Resultados A maioria dos sujeitos foi classificada como insuficientemente ativa (65,1%) e relatou não participar das aulas de educação física (64,9%). Aproximadamente 15,8% referiram sentimento de solidão e 19,5% reportaram ter até um amigo. Na análise bivariada, verificou-se uma proporção significativamente inferior de isolamento social entre os adolescentes que participavam das aulas de educação física. Na regressão logística binária, após ajustamento de variáveis, verificou-se que a participação nas aulas de educação física foi identificada como fator de proteção em relação ao indicador de isolamento social "ter poucos amigos", mas somente entre as moças. Conclusões A participação nas aulas de educação física está associada à menor isolamento social em adolescentes do sexo feminino.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association between physical activity, participation in Physical Education classes, and indicators of social isolation among adolescents. Methods This was an epidemiological study based on secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of students (14-19 years) from public high schools (n = 4,207). Data were collected through the questionnaire Global School-based Student Health Survey. The independent variables were the level of physical activity and enrollment in Physical Education classes, while the dependent variables were two indicators of social isolation (feeling of loneliness and having few friends). Descriptive and inferential procedures were used in the statistical analysis. Results Most of the adolescents were classified as insufficiently active (65.1%) and reported not attending Physical Education classes (64.9%). Approximately two in each ten participants reported feeling of loneliness (15.8%) and, in addition, about one in each five adolescents reported have only one friend (19.5%). In the bivariate analysis, a significantly lower proportion of individuals reporting social isolation was observed among adolescents who referred higher enrollment in Physical Education classes. After adjustment for confounding variables, binary logistic regression showed that attending Physical Education classes was identified as a protective factor in relation to the indicator of social isolation 'having few friends,' but only for girls. Conclusions It was concluded that participation in Physical Education classes is associated with reduced social isolation among female adolescents.

[Influence of body composition and acceptance of physical education classes on self-esteem of children aged 14-16 years from Alicante, Spain]. / influencia de la composición corporal y la aceptación por las clases de educación física sobre la autoestima de niños de 14-16 años de Alicante, España.

INTRODUCTION: Self-esteem seems to be an important predictor of depressive symptoms in adolescents, especially in females. Some authors suggest that there is a relationship between adolescents with overweight or obesity and lower self-esteem. In addition, sports participation has been associated with a higher self-esteem. OBJECTIVES: To analyses the relationships between BMI, gender, acceptance for physical education classes and self-esteem in a representative sample of 14-16 years students of the Alicante city. METHODS: Research was conducted with a representative sample of 1,150 students (15.1 ± 0.8 years) of the Alicante city. Data included their socio-demographic background, anthropometric measurements, self-esteem and acceptance for physical education classes. RESULTS: There is a positive correlation between acceptance for physical education classes and self-esteem (r= .319) and there is a negative correlation between this acceptance and gender (r= -.289), lower scores were shown in a female group. There is a negative correlation between self-esteem and BMI (r= -.083) and gender (r= -.308), lower self-esteem were shown in a female group. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to plan actions aimed as reinforcing and increasing self-esteem during the adolescent period, focusing on the group of girls and the group of young adults with overweight and obesity problems and especially in the girl group.

Introducción: La autoestima parece ser un importante predictor de síntomas depresivos entre los jóvenes, y sobre todo en el género femenino. Algunos autores sugieren que la existencia de sobrepeso y/o obesidad en jóvenes se relaciona con una menor autoestima así como la participación deportiva se ha asociado con unos valores más altos de la misma. Objetivos: Analizar las relaciones existentes entre el índice de masa corporal, sexo, aceptación a las clases de Educación Física y autoestima en una muestra representativa de escolares de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la ciudad de Alicante. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre una muestra representativa compuesta por 1.150 alumnos escolarizados en la ciudad de Alicante. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos, valores de autoestima y de aceptación por las clases de educación física. Resultados: Existe una correlación positiva entre la aceptación a las clases de educación física y el autoestima (r= ,319) y una correlación negativa entre esta y el sexo de los alumnos (r= -,289), siendo el grupo femenino el que muestra unas menores puntuaciones. Existe una correlación negativa entre el autoestima y los valores de índice de masa corporal (r= -,083), y el sexo (r= -,308), siendo el grupo femenino el que muestra unos valores menores de autoestima. Conclusiones: En vista de los resultados se hace necesario planificar actuaciones encaminadas a reforzar y aumentar la autoestima durante la adolescencia, centrándose en los grupos de riesgo formados por los jóvenes con sobrepeso/obesidad y sobre por el grupo de las chicas.