Práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência: uma revisão realista / Educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence: a realistic review / Prácticas educativas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la adolescencia: una revisión realista

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca das práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência. Método: foi realizada uma revisão realista, utilizada para o embasamento de práticas e políticas de intervenção em realidades sociais complexas, em fevereiro de 2022, para responder à questão norteadora: quais são as práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência? Resultados: foram incluídos 17 estudos, dos quais emergiu o preceito teórico: práticas dialógicas e participativas a respeito das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, realizadas em grupo, no ambiente escolar e de longa duração favorecem a adesão à participação nas atividades educativas e são mais bem recebidas e avaliadas pelos adolescentes. Conclusão: a revisão realista alcançou os seus propósitos em determinar: o que, como, para quem e em quais circunstâncias, determinada intervenção funciona em um contexto social.

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence about educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence. Method: a realistic review was carried out, used as a basis for intervention practices and policies in complex social realities, in February 2022, to answer the guiding question: what are the educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence? Results: 17 studies were included, from which the theoretical precept emerged: dialogic and participatory practices regarding sexually transmitted infections, carried out in groups, in the school environment and on a long-term basis, favor adherence to participation in educational activities and are better received and evaluated by adolescents. Conclusion: the realist review achieved its purposes in determining what, how, for whom and under what circumstances a given intervention works in a social context.

Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre prácticas educativas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la adolescencia. Método: se realizó una revisión realista, utilizada para sustentar prácticas y políticas de intervención en realidades sociales complejas, en febrero de 2022, para responder a la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son las prácticas educativas para la prevención de las ITS en la adolescencia? Resultados: se incluyeron 17 estudios, de los cuales surgió el precepto teórico: las prácticas dialógicas y participativas en torno a las infecciones de transmisión sexual, realizadas en grupo, en el ámbito escolar y a largo plazo, favorecen la adherencia a la participación en las actividades educativas y son mejor recibidas y evaluadas por adolescentes. Conclusión: la revisión realista logró sus propósitos al determinar: qué, cómo, para quién y en qué circunstancias funciona una determinada intervención en un contexto social.

Guia para la provisión de métodos anticonceptivos en el subsistema público de salud de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires / Guide for the provision of contraceptive methods in the public health subsystem of the City of Buenos Aires

La presente Guía para la provisión de métodos anticonceptivos en el subsistema público de salud de la ciudad de Buenos Aires propone pautas para los equipos y profesionales vinculados a la salud sexual y reproductiva de los hospitales y centros de salud y acción comunitaria que integran la red de cuidados progresivos. Aborda tres aspectos centrales: la población destinataria de los métodos, las prácticas previas que son indispensables para el uso de cada uno de ellos y la modalidad de provisión recomendada. Las definiciones sobre población destinataria, así como las prácticas previas indispensables, están basadas en los criterios de la Guía Práctica para el uso de métodos anticonceptivos del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (Dirección de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva, 2019). La modalidad de provisión recomendada surge de decisiones técnico-políticas orientadas a mejorar el acceso y la adherencia a los métodos anticonceptivos, en particular a la anticoncepción hormonal de emergencia y los métodos de corta duración (pastillas e inyectables). Debido a la especificidad territorial que tiene la Guía, se han incluido aquellos métodos que forman parte de la canasta de disponible en el ámbito público porteño al momento de preparar este material. (AU)

Educação sexual e reprodutiva no puerpério: questões de gênero e atenção à saúde das mulheres no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Sexual and reproductive education in the puerperium: gender issues and women's healthcare in the context of primary care / Educación sexual y reproductiva en el puerperio: cuestiones de género y atención de la salud de las mujeres en el contexto de la atención primaria de la salud

Estudo qualitativo que teve como objetivo compreender os desafios de profissionais de saúde para a realização de ações de educação sexual e reprodutiva durante o puerpério no contexto da Atenção Primária. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a equipe de saúde de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família em um município do interior de São Paulo. A análise foi conduzida por meio da análise dos sentidos. Evidenciou-se que a discussão de gênero e os aspectos culturais influenciam na forma da abordagem da temática, além de existirem resistências na esfera da gestão, na falta de investimento em recursos humanos e materiais que favoreçam a problematização, e na sensibilização sobre o papel da Atenção Primária para a garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres no período puerperal. (AU)

This qualitative study aimed to understand the challenges faced by health professionals when carrying out sexual and reproductive education actions during the puerperium in the context of Primary Care. Interviews were conducted with the health team of a Family Health Unit in an inland city of the state of São Paulo. The analysis was carried out by means of the analysis of meanings and showed that the gender discussion and cultural aspects influence the way in which the theme is approached. Furthermore, there is resistance in the sphere of management, manifested in lack of investments in human and material resources that could favor problematization and awareness-raising about the role of Primary Care in guaranteeing women's sexual and reproductive rights in the puerperium. (AU)

Estudio cualitativo cuyo objetivo fue comprender los desafíos de profesionales de salud para la realización de acciones de educación sexual y reproductiva durante el puerperio en el contexto de la Atención Primaria. Se realizaron entrevistas con el equipo de salud de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en un municipio del interior del Estado de São Paulo. El análisis se dirigió por medio del análisis de los sentidos. Quedó en evidencia que la discusión de género y aspectos culturales influyen sobre la forma del abordaje de la temática, además de haber resistencias en la esfera de la gestión, en la falta de inversión en recursos humanos y materiales que favorezcan la problematización y sensibilización sobre el papel de la atención primaria para la garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres en el período puerperal. (AU)

O direito à prevenção da Aids em tempos de retrocesso: religiosidade e sexualidade na escola / El derecho a la prevención del Sida en tiempos de retroceso: religiosidad y sexualidad en la escuela / The right to Aids prevention in times of policy reversals: religiosity and sexuality in Brazilian schools

Esse artigo discute os desafios da prevenção em tempos de crescimento de casos de Aids entre jovens. Opiniões e práticas de estudantes no ensino médio, coletadas em pesquisa realizada de 2013-2017, indicaram que estavam incorporando o discurso preventivo e que a religiosidade tem efeito em crenças e valores antes da iniciação sexual, mas pode interferir negativamente no uso de preservativo desde a primeira relação. Sustentar o direito à prevenção dependerá de ampliarmos a compreensão pública sobre como a religiosidade vivida difere da política-religiosa. Sugere-se monitorar o efeito da retomada de discursos morais que remontam à ditadura civil-militar e da possível descontinuidade de programas de prevenção bem-sucedidos junto aos jovens desde os anos 1990. É urgente compreender a dinâmica entre velhos e novos discursos que estruturam a sexualização (frequentemente via redes sociais) assim como o acesso à recomendada "prevenção combinada" das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST/Aids).(AU)

Este artículo discute los desafíos de la prevención en tiempos de aumento de casos de Sida entre jóvenes. Opiniones y prácticas de estudiantes en la enseñanza media, recolectadas en un estudio realizado entre 2013-2017, indicaron que incorporaron el discurso preventivo y que la religiosidad tiene efecto en creencias y valores antes de la iniciación sexual, pero que puede interferir negativamente en el uso del preservativo desde la primera relación. Mantener el derecho a la prevención dependerá de que ampliemos la comprensión pública sobre cómo la religiosidad vivida difiere de la política-religiosa. Se sugiere el monitoreo del efecto de la reanudación de discursos morales que remiten a la dictadura civil-militar y de la posible discontinuidad de programas de prevención exitosos con los jóvenes desde la década de 1990. Es urgente comprender la dinámica entre viejos y nuevos discursos que estructuran la sexualización (frecuentemente vía redes sociales) así como el acceso a la recomendada "prevención combinada" de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS)/Sida.(AU)

This article discusses Aids prevention in Brazil in the midst of growing numbers of cases of the disease among young people. A study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 to explore the sexual behavior of high school students and their opinions regarding sexuality. The findings show that students have adopted the prevention discourse and that religiosity influences beliefs and values relating to sexual initiation, negatively affecting condom use from the onset of sexual activity. To ensure the right to prevention is upheld, it will be necessary to broaden public understanding about how religion as it is actually lived differs from religious politics. The effects of the reversion to moral discourses reminiscent of the military dictatorship and possible discontinuity of successful longstanding prevention programs targeting young people should be monitored. There is an urgent need to understand the dynamic between the old and new discourses that shape sexualization (often via social media) and access to "combination prevention" of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)/Aids.(AU)

Historia del condón y otros métodos anticonceptivos / History of condoms and other contraceptive methods

El uso del condón es un método eficaz para prevenir enfermedades venéreas y un embarazo no deseado. Años atrás se puede apreciar cómo se debate dónde y cómo los llamados dispositivos intrauterinos fueron utilizados por primera vez. La siguiente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de explicar el surgimiento y la evolución del condón y otros métodos anticonceptivos, para ello se utilizaron un total de 15 referencias bibliográficas. Es indudable que la anticoncepción tiene que figurar como elemento básico de la atención en medicina, el conocimiento de sus orígenes, historia y evolución es fundamental. (AU)

The use of the condom is an effective method to prevent venereal diseases and an unwanted pregnancy. Years ago you can see how it is discussed where and how the so-called intrauterine devices were used for the first time. The following investigation was carried out with the objective of explaining the emergence and evolution of the condom and other contraceptive methods, for which a total of 15 bibliographical references were used. Undoubtedly, contraception must figure as a basic element of medical care, knowledge of its origins, history and evolution is fundamental. (AU)

Setting the scene, setting the targets. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS prevention targets of 2016 and estimating global pre-exposure prophylaxis targets.

Commitment to ambitious and time-bound targets for HIV interventions has been part of the response from the beginning of the HIV epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) HIV primary prevention workA is built on five pillars that include offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to population groups at substantial risk of HIV infection. After a slow start, countries are now setting coverage targets for PrEP, but the weakness of epidemiological, demographic and behavioural data at subnational level in many countries where there is a high burden of new HIV infections, makes it difficult to define the locations and populations where to offer PrEP. This article reviews the history and challenges of PrEP target setting and suggests some possible ways of strengthening the process. Reviewing program data will identify gaps in reaching key and other priority populations for whom coverage targets were set and help to refine the offer of PrEP.

Does sex education before college protect students from sexual assault in college?

PURPOSE: College-bound young people experience sexual assault, both before and after they enter college. This study examines historical risk factors (experiences and exposures that occurred prior to college) for penetrative sexual assault (PSA) victimization since entering college. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, including an online population-based quantitiative survey with undergraduate students was conducted in spring 2016. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regressions examined risk and protective factors associated with ever experiencing PSA since entering college. Concurrently-collected in-depth ethnographic interviews with 151 students were reviewed for information related to factors identified in the survey. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, multiple historical factors were significantly associated with PSA in college including adverse childhood experiences and having experienced unwanted sexual contact before college (for women) and initiation of alcohol, marijuana, and sexual behaviors before age 18. Significant independent risk factors for college PSA included female gender, experiencing unwanted sexual contact before college, first oral sex before age 18, and "hooking up" (e.g., causual sex or sex outside a committed partnership) in high school. Receipt of school-based sex education promoting refusal skills before age 18 was an independent protective factor; abstinence-only instruction was not. In the ethnographic interviews, students reported variable experiences with sex education before college; many reported it was awkward and poorly delivered. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple experiences and exposures prior to college influenced the risk of penetrative sexual assault in college. Pre-college comprehensive sexuality education, including skills-based training in refusing unwanted sex, may be an effective strategy for preventing sexual assault in college. Sexual assault prevention needs to begin earlier; successful prevention before college should complement prevention efforts once students enter college.

Ateneo General de la Residencia de Psicopedagogía: Que no sea Tabú: La sexualidad en la práctica psicopedagógica / General athenaeum of the Psychopedagogy Residence: Not taboo: Sexuality in psychopedagogical practice

Ateneo basado en tres ejes principales: Concepción de sexualidad; Sexualidad a lo largo de la vida, especialmente en los primeros tiempos del sujeto, en la latencia y en la pubertad; y abordaje de la sexualidad en la escuela y en las familias. Este último eje toma en cuenta lineamientos legales, la aplicación de la ley de Educación Sexual Integral en la escuela, el trabajo del equipo de salud proveniente del Área programática del Hospital en los talleres, las representaciones sociales de docentes, padres y alumnos, la sexualidad y educación, y el rol importante de los medios masivos de comunicación.

Violencia sexual: conocimientos y actitudes en adolescentes / Sexual Violence: Knowledges and attitudes in adolescents

Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y actitudes sobre violencia sexual que poseen los adolescentes de Centros Educativos Públicos en el departamento de Chimaltenango en febrero y marzo 2017. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en una muestra aleatoria de 386 sujetos, mediante un cuestionario auto aplicable posterior a consentimiento y asentimiento informado. Resultados: De los sujetos de estudio, 214 (55%) correspondían al sexo femenino, en promedio tenían 12.6 años de edad, 184 (48%) profesaban religión evangélica, 349 (90%) provenían de familias integradas, 292 (76%) pertenecían a la etnia Kaqchiquel. Conocimientos: 132 (34%) refirieron que la violencia sexual se define únicamente como el contacto físico de las partes íntima de otra persona, 116 (30%) identificaron al machismo y el consumo de drogas como factores de riesgo para violencia sexual, 83 (22%) consideraron adecuado el embarazo en menores de edad, 191 (50%) indicaron que en la mayoría de los casos los agresores son personas desconocidas de la víctima; 145 (38%) y 49 (13%) identificaron la calle y el hogar, respectivamente, como los principales lugares en los que se da este fenómeno. Actitudes: 304 (79%) no denunciarían si un compañero/a estuviera sufriendo violencia sexual, 218 (56%) están en desacuerdo con que los padres hablen sobre sexualidad con sus hijos, 202 (52%) no consideran importante que se imparta educación sexual en los centros educativos. Conclusiones: dos terceras partes desconocen conceptos básicos sobre el tema. Se evidencia una marcada indiferencia ante la necesidad de aprender del mismo y apoyar la denuncia de casos de compañeros que sufran algún tipo de violencia sexual.

Objective: To identify the knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual violence of adolescents in public schools of Chimaltenango, between February and March of 2017. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study conducted in a random sample of 386 subjects, based in a self-applicable questionnaire after student assent and parental consent (from parents or legal guardians). Results: 214 of 386 were female; with an average age of 12.6 years; 184 (48%) profess evangelical religion; 349 (90%) belonged to an integrated household; 292 (76%) belonged to the Kaqchiquel ethnic group. Knowledge: 132 (34%) reported that sexual violence is defined only as physical contact in intimate parts; 116 (30%) identified male chauvinist and drug abuse as risk factors for sexual violence; 83 (22%) considered pregnancy in underage teenagers as adequate; 191 (50%) indicated that in most cases the aggressors are unknown by the victims; students identify the street with 145 (38%) and the house with 49 (13%) as the main places where sexual violence occurs. Attitudes: 304 (79%) of the students would not report if a schoolmate is suffering from sexual violence, 218 (56%) disagree that parents should talk about sexuality with their children, 202 (52%) don't consider important to provide sex education in schools. Conclusions: Two thirds of the students are not aware of basic concepts regarding sexual violence, there is a considerable indifference to the need of learning of this topic and do not support the reporting of cases of classmates who suffer any type of sexual violence.

Existing and Future Educational Needs in Graduate and Postgraduate Education.

INTRODUCTION: This review was designed to make recommendations on future educational needs, principles of curricular development, and how the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) should address the need to enhance and promote human sexuality education around the world. AIM: To explore the ways in which graduate and postgraduate medical education in human sexuality has evolved and is currently delivered. METHODS: We reviewed existing literature concerning sexuality education, curriculum development, learning strategies, educational formats, evaluation of programs, evaluation of students, and faculty development. We reviewed literature relating to four main areas: (i) the current status of the international regulation of training in sexual medicine; (ii) the current delivery of education and training in sexual medicine; (iii) resident and postgraduate education in sexual medicine surgery; and (iv) education and training for allied health professionals. RESULTS: The main findings in these four areas are as follows. Sexual medicine has grown considerably as a specialty during the past 20 years, with many drivers being identified. However, the regulatory aspects of training, assessment, and certification are currently in the early stages of development and are in many ways lagging behind the scientific and clinical knowledge in the field. However, there are examples of the development of curricula with accompanying assessments that have attempted to set standards of education and training that might underlie the delivery of high-quality care to patients in sexual medicine. The development of competence assessment has been applied to surgical training in sexual medicine, and there is increasing interest in simulation as a means of enhancing technical skills training. Although the focus of curriculum development has largely been the medical profession, there is early interest in the development of standards for training and education of allied health professionals. CONCLUSION: Organizations of professionals in sexual health, such as the ISSM, have an opportunity, and indeed a responsibility, to provide and disseminate learning opportunities, curricula, and standards of training for doctors and allied health professionals in sexual medicine. Eardley I, Reisman Y, Goldstein S, et al. Existing and Future Educational Needs in Graduate and Postgraduate Education. J Sex Med 2017;14:475-485.

Aproximación al consumo de materiales de contenido sexual explícito en adolescentes y jóvenes / Approach to the consumption of materials with explicit sexual contents by adolescents and youths

Introducción: la sexualidad humana es considerada un fenómeno pluridimensional que comprende aspectos biológicos, psicosociales, conductuales, clínicos, morales y culturales, expresándose en todas las dimensiones existenciales. Objetivo: determinar las motivaciones acerca del consumo y reproducción de materiales de contenido sexual explícito. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el Instituto Politécnico 5 de Septiembre en Cienfuegos, del 1ro de septiembre de 2014 al 31 de mayo de 2015. El universo fueron 109 estudiantes de 2do año de carreras técnicas de oficio, la muestra, 29 seleccionados de forma no probabilística. Fueron revisados el diagnóstico y caracterización psicopedagógica grupal e individual para obtener datos que fueron tabulados mediante el coeficiente de concordancia de Kendall. Resultados: existe poco conocimiento sobre sexualidad en los adolescentes estudiados, así como poca percepción de riesgo por las familias y las instituciones con respecto al consumo y reproducción de materiales de contenido sexual explícito por los adolescentes y jóvenes. Conclusiones: los adolescentes encuentran motivaciones intrínsecas para el consumo de materiales de contenido sexual explícito, a partir de necesidades centradas en la satisfacción sexual, intereses pobres que orientan a la búsqueda de información, con sentidos personales, ideales concretos, hábitos y prácticas habituales de genitalidad y actitudes marcadas por los estereotipo de género. Las motivaciones extrínsecas son evidenciadas en los mecanismos de presión social, de imitación o contagio y de aprendizaje social, reforzado por la insuficiente educación de la sexualidad y el fácil acceso a las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, que condicionan actitudes y conductas que propician el consumo de materiales pornográficos, o incluso su reproducción(AU)

Introduction: Human sexuality is considered a pluridimensional phenomenon enclosing biological, psychosocial, behavioral, clinical, moral, and cultural aspects, expressed through all existentional dimensions. Objective: Determine the motivations for the consumption and reproduction of materials with explicit sexual contents. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study at 5 de Septiembre Polytechnic Institute of Cienfuegos, from September 1 2014 to May 31 2015. The target group was made up by 109 students of second year from technical trade majors. The sample was 29 chosen by a nonprobabilistic way. We reviewed both the group and individual diagnosis and psychopedagogical characterization to obtain data that were tabulated using Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Results: There is scarce knowledge about sexuality in the adolescents studied, as well as a low perception regarding the consumption and reproduction of materials with explicit sexual contents by the adolescents and youths. Conclusions: The adolescent find intrinsic motivations for the consumption of materials with explicit sexual contents, starting in need centered around sexual satisfaction, poor interests that orientate towards the search for information, with personal senses, concrete ideals, habitual practices of genitality and attitudes marked by the gender stereotypes. The intrinsic motivations evidence the social pressure mechanisms, others of imitations or contagion and of social learning, reinforced by the scarce sexuality education and the easy access to the new information and communication technologies, which condition attitudes and behaviors the foster the consumption of pornographic materials, and event their reproduction(AU)

Sexuality education: emerging trends in evidence and practice.

The International Conference on Population and Development and related resolutions have repeatedly called on governments to provide adolescents and young people with comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). Drawing from these documents, reviews and meta-analyses of program evaluations, and situation analyses, this article summarizes the elements, effectiveness, quality, and country-level coverage of CSE. Throughout, it highlights the matter of a gender and rights perspective in CSE. It presents the policy and evidence-based rationales for emphasizing gender, power, and rights within programs--including citing an analysis finding that such an approach has a greater likelihood of reducing rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy--and notes a recent shift toward this approach. It discusses the logic of an "empowerment approach to CSE" that seeks to empower young people--especially girls and other marginalized young people--to see themselves and others as equal members in their relationships, able to protect their own health, and as individuals capable of engaging as active participants in society.

Relevamiento sobre proyectos de educación sexual integral realizados entre 2007 y 2010 que utilizan como estrategia de la Educación entre pares, en un grupo de escuelas públicas del secundario realizado durante el año 2011 en la ciudad de Córdoba Capital / Survey on comprehensive sex education projects carried out between 2007 and 2010 as a strategy for using peer education, in a group of secondary public schools conducted in 2011 in the city of Cordoba Capital

La ley 26150 de Educación Sexual Integral (ESI) se basa en losos derechos de niños y niñas. Para su efectivización, en Mayo de 2008 se se aprueban los Lineamientos Curriculares. Córdoba adhiere creando el Programa Provincial de ESI en el año 2009. El desconocimiento se convierte en obstáculo en la aplicación de la ley y se manifiesta en proyectos con ausencia de transversalidad y continuidad, que dificulta su incorporación en el Proyecto Escolar Institucional (PEI). Los y las adolescentes no encuentran respuestas basadas en el conocimiento científico, obtienen información sesgada o parcializada y/o acuden a sus pares. Se propone como estrategia para la enseñanza de la ESI, la Educación Entre Pares (EEP) que logra promover cambios en actitudes y conductas en un grupo de iguales. La investigación relevó datos sobre proyectos de ESI-EEP realizados durante el periodo 2007-2010 en escuelas públicas secundarias de la ciudad de Córdoba. Caracteriza al docente y al educador entre pares; releva dinámicas utilizadas, tipo de evaluación y factores que fortalecen o debilitan la aplicación de la estrategia. Se basó en un estudio observacional, descriptivo, exploratorio, transversal que se llevó a cabo a través de una encuesta cerrada dirigida a docentes capacitados en EEP de 12 escuelas seleccionadas. El instrumento fue aplicado por un encuestador idóneo desde Noviembre a Diciembre de 2011

SUMMARY: The Law 26150 is based on the Children Rights. In May 2008 the Curricular Lines (Obligatory Basic Contents) are approved to be applied. Córdoba adhere to it creating the Provincial Program of Integral Sexual Education in 2009. Ignorance becomes an obstacle of the law application. Projects with lack of transversal and continuity make difficult their incorporation in the Institutional School Project. dolescents´ demands do not find answers based on science. They obtain inadequate information or solve requirements within peer groups. Education within Peers is proposed as a strategy to teach Integral Sexual Education, it achieves changes on attitudes and behaviors in a peer group. The investigation revealed data about Integral Sexual Education projects with Education within Peers during 2007-2010 period in state secondary schools in Córdoba City. It establishes the characteristics of teachers and young teacher within peers; it reveals ways of working, type of evaluation and factors that strengthen or weaken the strategy. It was an observational, descriptive, exploratory and cross sectional study using a closed survey . Trained teachers of twelve schools were inquired within November and December 2011

[Current practice of positive family planning service in the National Institute of Child Health in the last six years]. / A pozitív családtervezés gyakorlata az Országos Gyermekegészségügyi Intézetben - az elmúlt hat év tükrében.

The aim of positive family planning is to prevent preterm delivery and congenital abnormalities. Using primer prevention models at this time helps to prevent the common disorders which are the leading causes of death. The mission of the National Institute of Child Health is to promote preconceptional health and thus, mother and baby's health. This article introduces the practice of our institute's family planning department and the last six years' experiences.

Educação em sexualidade na escola: entre normalização e a perspectiva dos direitos humanos / Education on sexuality in school: between standardization and human rigths perspective

Esta dissertação busca analisar os discursos e práticas sobre educação em sexualidade que se produzem contemporaneamente e que têm a escola como lócus mediante um estudo de caso. Foram examinadas as proposições em projetos e políticas públicas sobre a educação nessa temática. Escolheu-se como estudo de caso o curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE), realizado no ano de 2010, oferecido pelo Centro Latino Americano em Sexualidade e Direitos Humanos, na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um curso semipresencial de extensão que visa à formação de professores da Educação Básica na temática de gênero, diversidade sexual e relações étnico-raciais. Foi realizada uma análise documental utilizando os registros escritos produzidos por professores cursistas que participaram do mencionado curso. O objetivo era identificar as tensões existentes entre ideias prévias dos participantes e o conteúdo posto em debate, caracterizado por uma perspectiva dos direitos humanos. A partir da análise das políticas públicas e dos discursos dos professores sobre sexualidade, considera-se que a escola se constitui como instância comprometida com uma perspectiva normalizadora. A construção da perspectiva dos direitos humanos presente na proposição da maior parte das políticas contemporâneas é considerada um projeto ainda a ser realizado, tanto pela problematização dos aspectos normalizadores que elas mesmas contêm quanto a partir de iniciativas de formação de professores numa perspectiva crítica e dialógica.

Diseño de un programa psicoeducativo para el cuidado de pacientes con herpes simple genital / Design of a psycho-educational program for the care of genital herpes simplex

Introducción: En Cuba, se reporta alta incidencia y prevalencia de herpes simple genital. Sin embargo, los/as enfermeros/as encuestadores carecen de una herramienta metodológica para el cuidado de estos pacientes en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivos: Por tal motivo, se realizó un estudio que respondió a un proyecto de desarrollo con el objetivo de diseñar un programa psicoeducativo para disminuir el riesgo en la salud sexual y los problemas psicosociales de los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de herpes simple genital. Métodos: Para el diseño del programa psicoeducativo se utilizaron las tres primeras etapas del modelo de Giordan. En este sentido, se realizó un estudio fenomenológico en 8 pacientes con diagnóstico de herpes simple genital, para determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje y se sometió a criterio de expertos para establecer los objetivos, métodos y contenidos del programa psicoeducativo. Resultados: El programa quedó conformado por seis sesiones encaminadas a disminuir los problemas psicosociales, incrementar la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, la eficacia para tener sexo seguro y la eficacia para comunicar la enfermedad. Conclusiones Se diseñó un programa psicoeducativo que incorporó cinco ejes (problemas psicológicos, conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, uso del condón, sexo seguro y revelado de la enfermedad)(AU)

Introduction: In Cuba a high incidence and prevalence of genital herpes simplex is reported. However, nurses and pollters have not available a methodological means for the care of these patients in Primary Health Care. Objectives: Thus, authors conducted an study that is in keeping with to a project of development to design a psycho-educational program to decrease the risk in sexual health and the psychosocial problems of patients clinically diagnosed with genital herpes simplex. Methods: For design of above mentioned program the three stages of the Giordan form were used. In this sense, a phenomenology study was conducted in 8 patients diagnosed with genital herpes simplex, to determine the needs of learning submitting to expert's criteria to establish the objectives, methods and contents of psycho-educational program. Results: The program included six sessions aimed to decrease the psychosocial problems, to increase the self-effectiveness in the use of condom, the knowledge on disease, a safe intercourse and the efficiency to communicate the disease. Conclusions: A psycho-educational program was designed incorporating five key features (psychological problems, knowledges on disease, use of condom, safe intercourse and developing of disease)(AU)

Should we change the focus of health promotion in sexual health clinics?

The effectiveness of sexual behaviour change interventions in sexual health clinics is unknown. Risk factors for poor sexual and reproductive health such as depression, violence, alcohol and smoking in sexual health clinics are all common and can be identified easily in sexual health services. Targeting these risk factors could be as effective as traditional sexual health promotion and could have additional benefits. The authors propose a pilot to assess the cost-effectiveness and acceptability of incorporating screening and interventions for these risk factors.

Evaluación del conocimiento sobre aspectos en la salud sexual y reproductiva de estudiantes secundario de quinto y sexto año de un colegio medio urbano y un colegio de medio semirural / Assessment of knowledge on issues in sexual and reproductive health of school students in fifth and sixth year of an urban school and a school half a semirural

La adolescencia es el momento en el que los individuos tienen sus primeras experiencias sexuales y por esta característica se convierten en el grupo mas expuesto a enfeemdades de transmisión sexual y embarazos no deseados. Por otro lado, poco conocemos sobre sus conductas sexuales que sin duda han cambiado en los últimos 10 a 15 años. OBJETIVOS: evaluar el conocimiento sobre sexualidad y prácticas sexuales de los alumnos de dos escuelas Argentinas, con distintos estractos sociales. Diseño: estudio tipo cross-sextional o de prevalencia. CARACTERÍSTICAS: el estudio fue realizado a estudiantes de 5º y 6º año, durante el año lectivo 2007. Paticipantes: fueron elegidos al azar, como así también los colegios donde se realizó la encuesta.

Proyecto prevención embarazo adolescente / sss

Son aún escasos los estudios que se elaboraron acerca de la prevención del embarazo adolescente, es por esto que se escogió este tema como eje central de nuestro trabajo para así poder dar una respuesta a la sociedad sobre este problema. Además es importante señalar que el embarazo en la adolescencia va a marcar una etapa muy importante en la vida futura de la persona porque se une la adolescencia con la vida adulta, con todas las características biológicas, psicológicas y sociales que este transito implica. Es así que se tomó del Macro Distrito 4 de la Ciudad de La Paz, para realizar nuestra investigación, en este se determinó que los adolescentes no recibieron una adecuada información sobre sexualidad, por que no existe una comunicación con la sociedad adultocéntrica, teniendo como resultado un embarazo temprano de los adolescentes que les lleva a dejar de lado la educación y estan más propensos a entrar al círculo de la pobreza...