Vaginal Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed on liquid-based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Enterobiasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections. It is considered an intestinal parasite, but cases of extra-intestinal affections exist, notably infections of the female genital tract. Enterobius vermicularis (EV) eggs (or ova) have been found in the cervical smears of two patients in our institute during the last 16 years. No gynaecological or gastrointestinal symptoms were reported, and there was no known intestinal infection in these two cases. A review of the available literature revealed rare cases of vaginal enterobiasis, with a wide range of clinical presentations, many patients being asymptomatic. The diagnosis may sometimes be difficult, mainly because of the lack of clinical suspicion. However, cytological identification of EV in cervico-vaginal smears is important, especially when considering the risk of ascending infections of the genital tract associated with severe complications.

Helminth infection does not reduce risk for chronic inflammatory disease in a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Parasitic helminth infections can suppress symptoms of allergy, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease in animal models. We analyzed data from a large, population-based cohort study to determine whether common childhood enterobiasis protects against these diseases. METHODS: We collected information on individual prescriptions filled for the drug mebendazole against Enterobius vermicularis for all children born in Denmark 1995-2008 from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics (n = 924,749; age 0-14 years); 132,383 of these children (14%) filled a prescription for mebendazole, 102,482 of the children (11%) had a household peer who was registered with a filled mebendazole prescription, and the remaining 689,884 children (75%) comprised the reference group. Children diagnosed with asthma, type 1 diabetes, juvenile arthritis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease were identified from the National Patient Registry. We used Poisson regression to estimate confounder-adjusted incidence rate ratios for first in- or outpatient hospital diagnosis of chronic inflammatory disease according to history of mebendazole treatment prescribed to children in the study. RESULTS: Chronic inflammatory disease was diagnosed in 10,352 children during 6.4 million person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate ratios was 1.07 for asthma (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.13), 1.05 for type 1 diabetes (95% CI: 0.79-1.12), 1.13 for juvenile arthritis (95% CI: 0.94-1.37), 0.77 for ulcerative colitis (95% CI: 0.41-1.46), and 1.44 for Crohn's disease (95% CI: 0.82-2.53). Results were not modified by number of treatments or age at treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a population-based analysis, enterobiasis does not reduce risk for asthma, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Enterobíase / Enterobiasis

Os autores fazem uma revisão da enterobíase com uma visão clínica, com maior ênfase no diagnóstico e apresentação de novas opções terapêuticas desta parasitose intestinal

Enteroparasitos en niños residentes en zona rural del Partido del Carmen de Patagones: Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Enteroparasites in children living in rural areas at the Partido de Carmen de Patagones: province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Como parte del programa de atención primaria de la salud (APS) del año 1996, y en virtud que no existían datos epidemiológicos referidos a enteroparásitos hallados en niños de 0 a 14 años, residentes en una zona rural del Partido de Carmen de Patagones, Provincia de Buenos Aires, es que se realizó el presente estudio epidemiológico descriptivo. Se estudiaron 210 niños a los que se les efectúo un estudio parasitoscópico seriado de materia fecal y mucus anal. Los resultados mostraron que el 60,5 por ciento de la población estudiada era portadora de algún parásito intestinal. El monoparasitismo hallado fue de 67 por ciento, mientras que 33 por ciento restante presentó entre 2 y 5 formas parasitarias. El espectro parasitario fue el siguiente: entamoeba coli 31,5 por ciento, giardia lamblia 24,7 por ciento; enterobius vermicularis 18 por ciento; hymenolepis nana 10,4 por ciento; blastocystis hominis 10,4 por ciento; 10,3 por ciento; chilomastix mesnili 2,5 por ciento; entamoeba hystolytica 0,9 por ciento y trichuris 0,5 por ciento. La distribución parasitaria en los distintos sectores estudiados fue en general homogénea excepto para H. nana la cual presentó una prevalencia más altas en zonas de riesgos con relación a la zona seca. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comunicados a las autoridades sanitarias correspondientes

Enterobiasis en escolares de Ciudad Bolívar, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Enterobiasis in schoolchildren from Ciudad Bolívar, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela

Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode with a peculiar biological cycle, thus requiring a special diagnostic technique. In order to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, 282 children aged 5 - 14 years old were evaluated between november 1995 and august 1996 by the Graham technique (three perianal swabs with adhesive cellulose tape). The prevalence of enterobiasis in the studied children was estimated 19,1 percent (54/282). There was no difference between sexes (p>0,05), but there was a difference between ages (x² = 13,8; 1.g.= 4), being the infection more frequent between 5 and 8 years. Symptoms were observed in 90,7 percent of the schoolchildren. Anal pruritus was the most common clinical finding (81,6 percent). Other less frequent manifestations were enuresis (28,6 percent) and vulvitis in girls (26,1 percent). This intestinal parasitosis occurs with high frequency among schoolchildren in Ciudad Bolívar with characteristic and identifiable symptoms in most cases. The Graham method must be used for its diagnosis. This test is not routinely performed in our laboratories unless specifically requested by the attending physician

Oxyuriasis pélvica / Pelvic oxyuriasis

El enterobius vermicularis, es un parásito que comúnmente infesta el lumen intestinal, en raras ocasiones es posible encontrarlo en otras localizaciones. Se presenta caso clínico, en el que se encontraron granulomas por enterobius vermicularis en serosa de trompa uterina, que se habrían instalado allí por fístula rectal secundaria a perforación por un dispositivo intrauterino. Se describen las lesiones histopatológicas, sus implicancias clínicas y revisión de la literatura

Algunos aspectos epidemiológicos de las infecciones por enterobius vermicularis en pacientes atendidos en consultorios de atención primaria del sector norte de Santiago 1995 / Some epidemiological aspects of enterobius vermicularis infections in patients attending at primary care centers of north section at Santiago, Chile 1995

During 1995, we examined 2,666 Graham's tests (five perianal swabs with adhesive cellulose tape) prescribed to ambulatory patients attended in 14 public outpatient clinics and four hospitals from the north section of Santiago. The infection rates found by age groups were the following: 6,1 percent in infants (< 2 years old), 20,9 percent in pre-schoolchildren (2 < 6 years old), 35,2 percent in elementary schoolchildren (6 < 15 years old) and 15,2 percent in adults (> 15 years old). Similar percentages of E. vermicularis infections were observed in females and males patients. Frequency of infection in each month of the year varied between 17,4 and 26,8 percent, with no seasonal variation. This study and previous surveys are stressing that E. vermicularis is the most frequent helminthic agent found in Chile, specially in elementary school children.

Vulvovaginitis en niñas causada por enterobius vermicularis / Vulvovaginitis in girls caused by enterobius vermicularis

La vulvovaginitis es un padecimiento que representa una preocupación para la paciente, sus familiares y en ocasiones para el propio médico, ya que en algunos casos son resistentes al tratamiento habitual. En una revisión de 6 555 enfermas atendidas en consulta externa del Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, se encontró que s.3% cursaba con vulvovaginitis y 20% de estas últimas presentaba enterobiasis intestinal simultánea. En otro grupo 297 pacientes con enterobiasis intestinal pura, 10% cursaba con vulvovaginitis. En ningún caso se encontró infección de las vías urinarias secundarias a vulvovaginitis por enterobiasis. El tratamiento con un antiparasitario específico contra Enterobius vermicularis más aseo genital con agua y jabón basta para lograr la curación