Postgraduate Programs in Orthopaedic Surgery for Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners.

Postgraduate orthopaedic programs for physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) number 14 as of 2020. To better understand the characteristics of these programs a census was undertaken. The result is that most programs are 1 year in duration and in 2019 produced 40 graduates. The role of the orthopaedic PA and NP fellow is to gain an understanding of a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders, develop procedural skills, first assist in the operating room, and facilitate management of patients and discharge throughput. PA and NP fellows work alongside categorical orthopaedic physician residents. The number of graduates from PA orthopaedic training programs is estimated at 200, spanning 20 years. The other 11,145 + PAs (99%) are trained on-the-job. For hospital systems, the employment of orthopaedic postgraduate PA and NP fellows provides value through cost management and billable services.

National Institute of Health (NIH) funding patterns in Schools of Nursing: Who is funding nursing science research and who is conducting research at Schools of Nursing?

BACKGROUND: Developing the next generation of nurse researchers must be a priority to advance the discipline's science. A comprehensive description of the current federally-funded research is useful for understanding the research enterprise in Schools of Nursing. PURPOSE: To describe the past 5 years of National Institute of Health (NIH) funding patterns in US Schools of Nursing. METHOD: Data were extracted from NIH RePORTER for years 2014-2018. The total number of award types (F, K, R, U, P and T) granted to a School of Nursing in the US was summarized and organized by Institute. Grants were then characterized according to whether the Principal Investigator had a nursing degree (yes or no). Finally, the total funding from each NIH Institute/Center that was awarded to a School of Nursing was assessed. FINDINGS: Nearly 50% of the National Institute of Nursing Research's (NINR) extramural budget is awarded through grants to Schools of Nursing in the US. NINR funds 80% of training grants and >70% of Center grants, which support the education and infrastructure for research, respectively, at Schools of Nursing. Among top ranked research-intensive Schools of Nursing, awards to non-nurse Principal Investigators (PIs) averaged 34.5% across all years. The percentage of NIH funds awarded to non-nurse PIs ranged from 0% at 3 Schools to as high as 97% at 1 School of Nursing. Over the past 5 years, the following Institutes have consistently been the largest funders (total dollars) to Schools of Nursing: NINR, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Minority and Health Disparities, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the current funding streams for Schools of Nursing as well as opportunities for expansion. Preparing a cadre of nurse scientists who can generate new knowledge to advance our health care is critical to the success of our profession and to ensuring the health of the people for whom we provide care.

National Assessment of Nursing Schools and Nurse Educators Readiness for Radiation Emergencies and Nuclear Events.

Nurses will play a crucial role in responding to a public health emergency resulting from nuclear war or other large-scale release of radiation into the environment and in supporting the National Health Security Strategy. Schools of nursing are ultimately responsible for developing a competent nursing workforce prepared to assess a population's public health emergency needs and respond to these low-frequency but high-impact events. This responsibility includes the provision of specific content and training regarding how to respond and care for patients and communities in the event of a nuclear or radiation emergency. To date, however, there has been a lack of empirical evidence focusing specifically on nursing schools' capacity to prepare nurses for radiation emergencies and nuclear events, as well as perception of risk. This study employed a cross-sectional survey administered to a nationwide sample of nursing school administrators and faculty to assess content, faculty expertise, planning, and perception of risk related to radiation emergencies and nuclear events.

Aquisição teórico-prática de tópicos relevantes à segurança do paciente: dilemas na formação de enfermeiros / Theoretical-practical acquisition of topics relevant to patient safety: dilemmas in the training of nurses / Adquisición teórico-práctico de tópicos relevantes sobre seguridad del paciente: dilemas en la formación de enfermeros

Objetivo: Investigar conteúdos relacionados à segurança do paciente, contemplados nos currículos de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras. Método: Estudo descritivo, tipo survey, realizado com 119 alunos de cursos de Enfermagem (Licenciatura e Bacharelado), no período de agosto a setembro de 2016. Os tópicos investigados foram baseados no Patient safety curriculum guide: multi-professional edition. De posse dos dados, realizaram-se análises univariadas e bivariadas. Resultados: Dos 46 conteúdos investigados no questionário, dois tiveram escores elevados de não obtenção em atividades teóricas e/ou práticas, que são: "Cultura de culpa" e "Infecção comunitária". Alunos da Licenciatura e Bacharelado referiram maior aquisição em aulas teóricas (p = 0,012), enquanto os do Bacharelado atribuíram de forma equivalente teoria e prática (p = 0,013). Conclusão: Os conteúdos estiveram contemplados, em sua maioria, na abordagem teórica e prática, ao menos uma vez no decorrer do curso. No entanto, quando se tratou de conteúdos ligados a aspectos socioculturais relacionados à segurança do paciente registraram-se escores menores.

Few U.S. schools of nursing on campuses with smoke-free policies: A Call for Action.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Recognizing that smoke-free policies can significantly reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality by preventing exposure to second-hand smoke and increasing quit rates, members of the Tobacco Control Subgroup of the American Academy of Nursing's (AAN) Health Behavior Expert Panel launched a health policy initiative entitled the Smoke-Free Campus Policy for Schools of Nursing Campaign. Designed as a two-phased initiative, the Campaign is a Call to Action to increase smoke-free policies on campuses with Schools of Nursing across the United States by 2020. METHODS: Phase I of the AAN Campaign included a cross-sectional study using secondary data analysis to describe the presence of smoke-free policies on campuses of Schools of Nursing across the United States. A list of colleges and universities with smoke-free policies maintained by the Americans for Nonsmokers Rights Foundation in January 2015 was accessed to conduct the analysis. Schools of Nursing granting baccalaureate and graduate nursing degrees were included. Descriptive statistics were obtained for Schools of Nursing by region of the country and by highest level of nursing degree program of study at each institution. RESULTS: Smoke-free policies of 689 Schools of Nursing were examined. Of these, 442 (64%) did not have 100% smoke-free policies on their campuses. A greater percentage of nursing schools without a smoke-free policy were located in the Northeast (114, 79%) and West (70, 73%). Nearly half (57, 46%) of the Schools of Nursing with a PhD/DNS program had a smoke-free policy in place compared with all other degree program levels (BS/BSN: 69, 35%; MS/MSN: 83, 35%; DNP: 38, 30%). CONCLUSIONS: With only 247 (36%) of Schools of Nursing on campuses with comprehensive smoke-free policies, more must be performed to promote healthy learning and working environments for nursing students, staff, and faculty. As public health advocates, nursing leaders in Schools of Nursing have a moral and ethical imperative to advance tobacco control on college campuses to meet the American College Health Association goals for smoke-free/tobacco-free environments.

Alimentación infantil: una reflexión en torno a los programas de estudio de enfermería en la Ciudad de México / Infant feeding: a reflection regarding the nursing curricula in Mexico City

Dada la posición clave de la enfermería en la atención primaria de la salud, en este trabajo se examinan los programas de estudio de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de instituciones educativas públicas en la Ciudad de México, para establecer si cuentan con los contenidos para poner en práctica las recomendaciones actuales sobre alimentación infantil. Se presenta un análisis documental que contrasta los programas de estudio con las dos normas oficiales referidas al tema. En un total de once sedes, nueve instituciones públicas ofrecen la Licenciatura en Enfermería, mediante siete programas de estudio que difieren en los mapas curriculares, denominaciones y contenidos temáticos, con bibliografía insuficiente y desactualizada. Se recomienda hacer equivalentes los programas, actualizar la bibliografía e incluir las normas oficiales pertinentes y la literatura internacional, para enfrentar los desafíos de la modernidad y la globalización en la temática alimentaria de la población infantil.

Given the key position of the nursing profession in primary health care, in this article we examine the nursing degree curricula in public institutions in Mexico City to establish whether these programs of study include the topics necessary to implement the current recommendations regarding infant feeding. We perform a documentary analysis that compares the nursing curricula to the two official regulations existing on the subject. In a total of eleven locations, nine public institutions offer undergraduate degrees in nursing. There are seven programs of study in existence, with different structures, course names, and thematic contents among them and all with insufficient and outdated bibliography. We recommend that the programs be made more equivalent, that the bibliography be updated, and that the relevant official standards and international literature be included, so as to better meet the challenges of modernity and globalization in the subject of infant feeding.

Análise do ensino de Enfermagem em Centro Cirúrgico nas escolas de São Paulo / Analysis of teaching of the discipline Nursing in Surgical Center in schools of São Paulo / Análisis de la enseñanza de Enfermería de Centro Quirúrgico en las escuelas de São Paulo

O estudo teve por objetivos caracterizar o ensino de Enfermagem em Centro Cirúrgico em relação à carga horária, conteúdo e componente curricular específico; e identificar as opiniões e vivências dos docentes no ensino desse conteúdo. Realizou-se estudo descritivo de abordagem quanti-qualitativa que utilizou para a coleta de dados um instrumento semiestruturado, com perguntas relacionadas ao ensino da disciplina, enviado por e-mail aos coordenadores dos Cursos de Bacharelado em Enfermagem de 219 escolas do estado de São Paulo, cadastradas no portal eletrônico do Ministério da Educação. Dos 52 respondentes, 90,4% eram de escolas privadas, localizadas principalmente no interior do estado (71,1%). Dos cursos, 53,8% ministravam o conteúdo de centro cirúrgico no interior de outra disciplina. A mediana da carga horária do conteúdo foi de 64h (40-300h). Os sujeitos comentaram o conteúdo extenso para uma carga horária pequena, tanto prática quanto teórica, e sua importância para a formação do enfermeiro generalista.

The study aimed to characterize the teaching of Nursing in Surgical Center in relation to work load, content and specific curriculum component; and to identify the perspectives and experiences of teachers in teaching this content. This is a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative approach, that used a semi structured instrument for data collection, with questions related to teaching discipline, sent by email to the coordinators of the courses of Bachelor of Nursing from 219 schools in the state of São Paulo, registered in the website of the Brazilian Ministry of Education. Of the 52 respondents, 90.4% were from private schools, mostly located in the interior of the state (71.1%). From the total of courses, 53.8% ministered the content surgical center within another discipline. The median of content hours was of 64h (40-300h). The respondents commented on the extensive content for a small work load, both practical and theoretical, and its importance for the formation of the generalist nurse.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivos analizar la enseñanza de Enfermería de Centro Quirúrgico de acuerdo con su carga horaria, contenido y componentes curriculares específicos; e identificar las opiniones e vivencias de los profesores en la enseñanza de eso contenido. Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, en que se utilizó preguntas semi estructuradas acerca de la enseñanza de la disciplina, enviadas por correo electrónico a los coordinadores de 219 Escuelas de Graduación y Licenciatura en Enfermería en el estado de São Paulo (Brasil), registradas en el sitio web del Ministerio de Educación. De los 52 respondientes, 90,4% eran de escuelas privadas, en su mayoría ubicados en el interior del Estado (71,1%). El 53,8% de los programas ministraba el contenido quirúrgico dentro de otra disciplina; el número medio de horas de contenido fue de 64h (40-300h). Los encuestados comentaron sobre el contenido demasiado amplio para una pequeña carga horária, tanto práctica como teórica, y su importancia para la educación de la enfermera generalista.

Programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria: trajetória e resultados / Programa de postgrado en enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Santa María: trayectoria y resultados / Graduate program in nursing at the Federal University of Santa Maria: trajectory and results

Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório, em base documental, tendo como objetivo relatar a história e trajetória do Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (PPGENF) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, de acordo com o panorama nacional. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de consultas a diferentes sites na internet e secretaria do PPGENF. O programa foi criado em 2006, sendo que, no primeiro triênio, houve uma ampliação no número de vagas e candidatos, e a concentração das publicações ocorreu nos Qualis B1 e A2. Foram desenvolvidas ações, como rodas de conversa, seminários, jornadas e workshops, direcionadas ao fortalecimento do programa para a integração de docentes/discentes, acadêmicos e profissionais de Enfermagem. Este programa está contribuindo para a expansão e o fortalecimento da Enfermagem no Rio Grande do Sul, na medida em que seus egressos estão inseridos em instituições de ensino superior, em doutoramento ou, ainda, em instituições de saúde públicas e privadas.

Estudio cuatitativo, descriptivo de registro, con base documental, cuyo objetivo es contar la trayectoria histórica del Programa de Postgrado en Enfermería (PPGENF) de la Universidad Federal de Santa María, de acuerdo a la escena nacional. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de búsquedas en diferentes sites de internet y en la secretaría del PPGENF. El programa fue creado en 2006 y en el primer trienio hubo una amplitud en el número de vacantes y candidatos, y la concentración de publicaciones fue en qualis B1 y A2. Fueron desarrolladas acciones tales como conversaciones, seminarios, jornadas y workshops direccionadas al mejoramiento del programa y consecuente integración de docentes/discentes, académico y profesionales de enfermería. Este programa contribuye a la expansión y al fortalecimiento de la enfermería en Rio Grande ya que sus egresados están insertados en instituciones de enseñanza superior, en doctoramiento o instituciones de salud pública y privada.

A quantitative, descriptive, exploratory study based on documentation that aims to report the history of the Graduate Program in Nursing (PPGENF), Federal University of Santa Maria according to the national scenario. The data was collected through queries to different sites on the Internet and secretary of PPGENF. The program was created in 2006, and in the first triennium there has been an increase in the number of vacancies and candidates, and concentration of the publications was given in qualis B1 and A2. Actions have been developed such as discussions, seminars, conferences and workshops aimed at strengthening the program and subsequent integration of faculty/student, academic and professional nursing. This program is contributing to the expansion and strengthening of nursing in the Rio Grande as its egresses are inserted in institutions of higher education, or PhD in health care public and private.

Predicting NCLEX-RN Success: the Seventh Validity Study HESI Exit exam.

The findings of six previously conducted studies indicated that the HESI (E) was highly accurate in predicting NCLEX-RN success. The purpose of this study-the seventh study to investigate the validity of the E-was to examine the accuracy of three parallel versions of the Ein predicting licensure success and to describe program practices regarding E benchmark scores, remediation programs, and retesting policies. The findings of this study again indicated that the E was highly accurate in predicting NCLEX-RN success. Additionally, all three versions of the E were found to have a predictive accuracy above 90%. The most common E benchmark score designated by faculty at the participating schools was 850, and most schools required students to retest with different versions of the E until the faculty-designated E benchmark score was achieved. Remediation seemed to be effective in raising students' E scores, and it was recommended that future research investigate the effectiveness of specific remediation strategies.

Development of a nursing practice based competency model for the Flemish master of nursing and obstetrics degree.

The aim was to identify a set of competences for the Flemish academic Master of Nursing and Obstetrics degree that answer perceived needs in health care. The competency model was to demonstrate a degree of consensus among key nurses. The study was conducted in all Flemish hospitals registered to have 400 beds or more. Head nurses of surgery, geriatrics and intensive care units were eligible to participate, as well as one nurse from administration per hospital. A two round Delphi process allowed participants to comment on items identified in an analysis of existing international competency profiles of master level nurses and adapted to the Flemish context. Competences agreed to by 90% of the respondents were considered to have consensus. Fifteen out of 19 eligible hospitals were recruited in the study, 45 nurses participated in the Delphi panel. Consensus was reached on 31 competences that can be assigned to 5 nurse's roles: nursing expert, innovator, researcher, educator and manager. The resulting competency profile is in accordance with published profiles for similar programs. The reported study demonstrates a practical method to develop a consensus competency model for an academic master program based on the input of key individuals in mainstream nursing.

Smoking habits of students of nursing: a questionnaire survey (2004-2006).

AIM: To determine changes in the prevalence of tobacco use among students of nursing and associated factors. BACKGROUND: The prevalence and distribution of smokers among nursing students varies according to the country and period of study. METHOD: Transversal descriptive study by self-answered questionnaire. Eight hundred and fifty four subjects (94.9%) were questioned in the period 2004-2006. FINDINGS: Twenty eight percent of the students declared themselves to be smokers. The habit began before the students started university. The tendency of prevalence by year of survey and by graduation year was downward. The students shown a low nicotine dependency according to Fagerström and little motivation to give up. The average age at the onset of consumption was 14.6 (1.8) years. From the logistical regression analysis, the model best explaining the prevalence of tobacco consumption included the variable of year surveyed and academic background, those coming from the baccalaureate showing a lesser prevalence and tendency to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco consumption among students of health sciences was less than in the general population of the same age but high given their future profession. The tendency to smoke is decreasing and most started smoking before joining the university. We recommend an intensification of actions directed at teenagers and the promotion of anti-tobacco campaigns in universities.

[Current status of cancer nursing courses in the basic curricula of four-year nursing colleges: analysis of syllabi and survey results].

This study aimed to examine the status of cancer nursing courses at four-year nursing colleges, and to investigate the needs entailed in establishing such courses. Of 142 affiliate universities of the Japanese Association for Nursing Programs, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 2006 targeting the 19 universities with established courses in cancer nursing and analyzed their syllabi. The results of the questionnaire consisted of valid responses from 15 universities (78.9% valid response rate). Among these 15 universities, 12 (80%) responded that there was a need for establishing cancer nursing courses in the basic curricula of four-year nursing colleges. Our study indicates it is necessary to teach cancer nursing as an independent course in conjunction with other nursing fields at four-year nursing colleges. To accomplish this, we find it ideal to first clarify the goals of the entire curriculum and then find a place for cancer nursing courses therein.

A migração de enfermeiros: um problema de saúde pública / Nursing migration: a public health problem

O artigo analisa o cenário internacional de migração do enfermeiro, uma das categorias em destaque na constituição de sistemas nacionais de saúde, apontando especialmente o desequilíbrio entre países centrais e periféricos. Apresenta os resultados de estudos realizados por um órgão do governo australiano realizado junto aos enfermeiros, qualificando e quantificando a inserção deste profissional no mercado de trabalho, bem como apontando medidas para motivar reintegração dos enfermeiros que evadiram do mercado de trabalho. Destaca o crescimento expressivo de cursos de enfermagem no Brasil, traçando considerações sobre os possíveis desdobramentos da oferta desse profissional, estabelecendo um paralelo com o cenário internacional.

This article analyzes the international scenario of nurses' migration, an essential professional class in the organization of national health systems, focusing specially on the unbalance between central and peripheral countries. It depicts studies results performed by a department of the Australian government concerning nurses, qualifying and quantifying their insertion in the labor market, as well as suggesting measures to reintegrate the nurses leaving the labor market, pointing out the reasons for the lack of nurses in developed countries. It highlights the expressive growth of nursing schools in Brazil commenting on the possible consequences of the offer of this professional in the labor market establishing a parallel with the international situation.